I-Asthma Yomsebenzi

I-Asthma yomsebenzi uhlobo lwe-asthma obangelwa ukuphefumula imifutho, igesi, uthuli noma ezinye izinto lapho usebenza. Lezi zinto zingabangela impendulo yesistimu yomzimba eshintsha indlela amaphaphu asebenza ngayo. I-Asthma yomsebenzi ibizwa nangokuthi i-asthma ehlobene nomsebenzi.

Kwi-asthma, izindlela zokuphefumula ziyaphamba futhi ziqhuma. Zingase futhi zenze ukhulukazi umkhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kungabangela ukubopha kwesifuba, ukuhlabana nokuntuleka komoya.

Ukuqeda izinto ezibangela kubalulekile ekuphatheni i-asthma yomsebenzi. Ukwelashwa kufaka imithi eyancipha izimpawu. Kubantu ababehlonishwa yi-asthma esikhathini esidlule, imithi ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu ezihlobene nezinto ezibangela endaweni yokusebenza.

Uma i-asthma yomsebenzi ingaphathwa futhi izinto ezibangela zingagwenywa, i-asthma ingabangela ushintsho oluhlala njalo emaphaphwini.

Amasimptomu e-Asthma yokusebenza angafaka: Ukuphefumula komoya.Ukukhokha.Ukuqina komoya.Ukuqina kwesifuba. Amanye amasimptomu angase afake: Ikhala.Ikhala evaliwe.Amehlo akhazimulayo noma amanzi.Amasimptomu e-Asthma yokusebenza axhomekeke esikhwameni osikhombiswe kuso, isikhathi sokuvezwa kanye nokuvamile, kanye nezinye izinto.Amasimptomu akho angase: Aqale ngokushesha ngemva kokubekwa esikhwameni, kamuva ngosuku noma ngemva komsebenzi.Athuthuke noma aphelele ezinsukwini zokuphumula noma ngesikhathi seholide bese ebuya uma uya emsebenzini.Angaqale ekuqaleni kosuku futhi angathuthuki ezinsukwini zokuphumula njengoba isifo siqhubeka.Angaba yinto eqinile ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside ukusuka emsebenzini.Funani ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma amasimptomu akho ebi.Ukuhlaselwa yi-Asthma okukhulu kungaba yingozi eyingozi.Amasimptomu okuhlaselwa yi-Asthma adinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo afaka: Ukuqina komoya noma ukuphefumula komoya okuqhubeka nokubi.Ayikho into ephumula amasimptomu ngemva kokusebenzisa imithi yokukhulula ngokushesha.Ukuqina komoya ngisho nangomsebenzi omncane.Yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukubona udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokukhokha, ukuphefumula komoya noma ukuqina komoya, ikakhulukazi uma amasimptomu engahambi noma ebi.

Funani usizo lokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu zakho zibi. Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-asthma kungabeka impilo engozini. Izimpawu zokuhlushwa yi-asthma ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukukhwehlela okubi ngokushesha.
• Azikapheli izimpawu ngemva kokusebenzisa imithi yokukhulula ngokushesha.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngisho nasemisebenzini emincane.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukubona udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula kanzima, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zingapheli noma zibe zimbi.

Izinto ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezisemsebenzini zibonwe njengezinokubangela i-asthma yomsebenzi. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa:

• Amaprotheni ezilwane atholakala e-dander, izinwele, izikali, ubhedu, umalume kanye nezinhlanzi zomzimba.
• Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekwenzeni imibala, ama-varnish, ama-adhesives, ama-laminates kanye ne-soldering resin. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zokufaka, izinto zokupaka, nama-foam mattresses kanye ne-upholstery.
• Ama-enzymes asetshenziswa ezihlanzini kanye nokubhaka ufulawa.
• Izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi iplatinum, ichromium ne-nickel sulfate.
• Izinto zezitshalo, kuhlanganise amaprotheni atholakala e-latex yendwangu yemvelo, ufulawa, ukudla okunommbila, ukhonkolo, iflakisi, ihempe, irayi, ukolweni ne-papaya.
• Igesi ecasulayo noma izinhlayiya, ezifana ne-chlorine gas, i-sulfur dioxide kanye nokutsha.

Izimpawu ze-asthma ziqala lapho amaphaphu akho ecasuka. Lokhu kukucasuka kubangela ukusebenza kwesistimu yokukhulula umzimba okuthiwa yi-inflammation. I-inflammation ichazwa njengokuvuvukala nezinye izinguquko ezindaweni zomoya ezingcoliswe yimisebenzi yesistimu yokukhulula umzimba. Lezi zinguquko zinyusa izindawo zomoya futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Nge-asthma yomsebenzi, ukucasuka kwamaphaphu kungase kubangelwe yinto umuntu onayo i-allergy, njenge-mold noma iprotheni yesilwane. Ngezinye izikhathi ukucasuka kwamaphaphu kubangelwa into ecasulayo, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-irritant, njenge-chlorine noma ukutsha.

Uma ukhombisene kakhulu nomkhuhlaneli, ithuba lokukhula kwe-asthma yomsebenzi liyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzothola ingozi eyenyuka uma:

• Une-allergies noma i-asthma ekhona. Nakuba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho, abantu abaningi abane-allergies noma i-asthma benza imisebenzi ebabonakalisa ekuxhaseni imiphunga futhi abakaze babe nezimpawu.
• Amalungu omndeni wakho ane-allergies noma i-asthma. Abazali bakho bangadlulisela i-genes ezenza kube lula ukuthi uthuthukise i-asthma.
• Usebenza eduze nezinto ezibangela i-asthma. Izinto ezithile ziyaziwa njengokuxhasana imiphunga kanye nezinto ezibangela i-asthma.
• Uphuza utshwala. Ukubhema kukhulisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-asthma uma ukhombisene nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhasana imiphunga.

Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-asthma yomsebenzi cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenza. Kepha ingozi yakho iphakeme ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza. Ezinye zezindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi kakhulu ezihlotshaniswa nezinto ezenza i-asthma zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

Uma ukhona isikhathi eside endaweni enezinto ezingabangela i-asthma yomsebenzi, izimpawu zakho zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Futhi, uma ukhona isikhathi eside, kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuthi izimpawu zithuthuke uma ukubonakaliswa kuphela. Ezimweni ezithile, ukubonakaliswa yi-asthma ehambisana nomoya kungabangela ukushintsha okungapheli emaphashini akho.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-asthma yomsebenzi ukulawula ukukhombisa amakhemikhali nezinye izinto ezibonakala zicasula. Izindawo zomsebenzi zingasetha izilawuli zokuvimbela ukukhombisa, zisebenzise izinto ezingonakali kakhulu futhi zinikeze imishini yokuthi uvikele umuntu (PPE) kubasebenzi.Imithi ingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu nokulawula ukuvuvukala okuhlotshaniswa ne-asthma yomsebenzi. Kodwa ungenza izinto eziningi ngokwakho ukuze ube nempilo enhle futhi unciphise amathuba okuhlaselwa:- Uma ukhanyisa, yeka. Ukungabi nayo isigcwagcwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekuqedeni izimpawu ze-asthma yomsebenzi.- Thola isithombe se-influenza. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugula okuthinta amaphaphu.- Gwema imithi engapheli yokulwa nokuvuvukala (NSAIDs) nezinye izidakamizwa ezingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nemithi oyithatha njalo.- Lahla isisindo. Kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu, ukulahla isisindo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu nempilo yempilo yonke yamaphaphu.Uma use-United States futhi unemisebenzi engozi enkulu, inkampani yakho kufanele ilandela imithetho ekusiza ekuvikeleni emakhemikhali anobungozi. Ngaphansi kwemiyalelo evela e-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), umqashi wakho uyalelwa ukuba enze okulandelayo:- Utshele uma uzosebenza nanoma yimaphi amakhemikhali anobungozi.- Uqeqeshe ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani lezi khemikhali ngokuphepha.- Uqeqeshe ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani ezingozini, njengokuchithwa kwamakhemikhali.- Nikeza imishini yokuthi uvikele umuntu, njengezimaki ne-respirators.- Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe uma kukhishwa ikhemikhali entsha endaweni yakho yokusebenza.Ngaphansi kwemiyalelo ye-OSHA, umqashi wakho uyalelwa ukuba agcine ishedi lemininingwane yokuphepha yezinto (MSDS) nganoma yiliphi ikhemikhali eliyingozi elisebenza endaweni yakho yokusebenza. Lena idokhumenti okumele ithunyelwe umenzi wekhemikhali kumqashi wakho. Unelungelo lokuthi ubone futhi ukope lezo zicwecwe. Uma ucindezela ukuthi unokuxinana okukhethekile, bonisa i-MSDS ku-dokotela wakho.Ngesikhathi usebenza, qaphela izimo ezingase zingabi ziphephile noma zinephilile. Bika izinkinga kumqondisi wakho. Uma kunesidingo, shayela i-OSHA ku-800-321-OSHA (800-321-6742) bese ucela ukuhlolwa kwendawo. Ungenza lokhu ukuze igama lakho lingabonakali kumqashi wakho.

I-spirometer iyithuluzi lokuxilonga elilinganisa inani lomoya ongalukhefumula ungene uphume kanye nesikhathi esithathayo ukukukhefumula ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuphefumula ngokujulile.

Ukuxilonga isifo sokuphefumula esisebenzeni kufana nokuxilonga ezinye izinhlobo ze-asthma. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bazokuhlola ukuthi ingabe into yendawo yokusebenza iyabangela izimpawu zakho nokuthi iyiphi into ebangela izinkinga.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ngovavanyo oluthiwa yi-lung function test. Lovivinyo lubonisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Uvivinyo lwesikhumba lokuxilonga uketshezi lungabonisa ukuthi unezinkinga zokuxilonga ezinye izinto ezibangela uketshezi. Izivivinyo zegazi, ama-X-ray noma ezinye izivivinyo kungadingeka ukukhishwa imbangela ngaphandle kwe-asthma yomsebenzi.

Izivivinyo ze-lung function zifaka:

• Spirometry. Phakathi nalesi sivivinyo semizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15, uthatha imiphumela emijulile futhi uphume ngamandla ehoseni elixhunyiwe komshini othiwa yi-spirometer. I-spirometer ilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho angagcina kangakanani umoya nokuthi ungaphuma ngokushesha kangakanani. Lona yilona vivinyo elikhethwayo lokuxilonga i-asthma.

Uzophinda uvivinyo ngemuva kokuphefumula imithi ye-asthma esiza ekunyangeni izindlela zokuphefumula. Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu ngemuva kokusebenzisa imithi kusekela ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma.

• Ukuqapha ukwanda komoya. Ungacelwa ukuba uthwale idivayisi encane yesandla ebizwa nge-peak flow meter. Le divayisi ilinganisa ukuthi ungaphoqelela umoya ngokushesha kangakanani emaphaphwini akho. Uma uphuma kancane, isimo sakho sibe sibi.

Cishe uzocelwa ukuba usebenzise i-peak flow meter yakho ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi somsebenzi nangesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuthuthuka kakhulu uma ungasebenzi, ungaba ne-asthma yomsebenzi.

Spirometry. Phakathi nalesi sivivinyo semizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15, uthatha imiphumela emijulile futhi uphume ngamandla ehoseni elixhunyiwe komshini othiwa yi-spirometer. I-spirometer ilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho angagcina kangakanani umoya nokuthi ungaphuma ngokushesha kangakanani. Lona yilona vivinyo elikhethwayo lokuxilonga i-asthma.

Uzophinda uvivinyo ngemuva kokuphefumula imithi ye-asthma esiza ekunyangeni izindlela zokuphefumula. Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu ngemuva kokusebenzisa imithi kusekela ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma.

Ukuqapha ukwanda komoya. Ungacelwa ukuba uthwale idivayisi encane yesandla ebizwa nge-peak flow meter. Le divayisi ilinganisa ukuthi ungaphoqelela umoya ngokushesha kangakanani emaphaphwini akho. Uma uphuma kancane, isimo sakho sibe sibi.

Cishe uzocelwa ukuba usebenzise i-peak flow meter yakho ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi somsebenzi nangesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuthuthuka kakhulu uma ungasebenzi, ungaba ne-asthma yomsebenzi.

Ungadinga izivivinyo zokubona ukuthi unempendulo yini ezintweni ezithile. Lezi zifaka:

• Izivivinyo zesikhumba zokuxilonga uketshezi. Phakathi kovavanyo lwesikhumba, inani elincane lezinto ezivame ukubangela uketshezi liqoshwa esikhuneni sakho. Bese kuthi indawo ibukelwe imizuzu eyi-15. Ukukhula noma ushintsho lombala wesikhumba kubonisa uketshezi kuleyo nto. Lezi zivivinyo zingabonisa uketshezi ezilwaneni, ukubola, ama-dust mites, izitshalo ne-latex. Azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukulinganisa impendulo ezinto ezikhiqizwayo.
• Uvivinyo lokuqhathanisa. Uphumula umusi ophethe inani elincane le-kemikhali ecingelwayo ukubona ukuthi liyavusa impendulo yini. Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho kuzovivinywa ngaphambi nangemuva kokuba uvivinyo lunikezwe ukubona ukuthi i-kemikhali ithonya yini ikhono lakho lokuphefumula.
• I-X-ray yesifuba. I-asthma yomsebenzi ingenye yezinhlobo zezifo zamaphaphu zomsebenzi. Ungadinga i-X-ray yesifuba ukuxilonga ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zokuphefumula ezihlobene nomsebenzi.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukunqanda izimpawu nokumisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma okusebenza.

Kubalulekile ukugwema izinto ezisemsebenzini ezingabangela izimpawu zakho. Uma usuvele uqaphele into ethile, izingqamuzana ezincane zingase zibangele izimpawu ze-asthma, ngisho noma uqhekeza isembozo noma i-respirator.

Ungadinga imithi yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Imithi efanayo isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-asthma yomsebenzi ne-asthma engawona umsebenzi.

Imithi efanele kuwe ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka iminyaka yakho, izimpawu, izinto eziqalisa i-asthma nokuthi yini ebonakala isebenza kangcono ekuqondiseni i-asthma yakho.

• I-corticosteroids ephuzwayo. I-corticosteroids ephuzwayo inciphise ukuvuvukala futhi inenkinga encane yezinto ezingalindelekile.
• Abaguquli be-leukotriene. Le mithi iyizinye ze-corticosteroids. Ngezinye izikhathi, ithathwa ne-corticosteroids.
• I-agonists beta egade isikhathi eside (LABAs). I-LABAs ivula izindlela zokuphefumula futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. Ngokuphathelene ne-asthma, i-LABAs kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngokuhlanganyela ne-corticosteroid ephuzwayo.
• I-inhalers ehlanganisiwe. Le mithi iqukethe i-LABA ne-corticosteroid.
• I-agonists beta esheshayo. Le mithi iyanciphisa izimpawu ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.
• I-corticosteroids yomlomo ne-intravenous. Lezi ziqeda ukuvuvukala kwemizila yomoya ye-asthma eqinile. Lezi zithathwa ngomlomo noma zinikwe njengesiphuzo. Esikhathini eside, zibangela imiphumela emibi eqinile.

Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yokukhulula ngokushesha njalo kunconywayo, ungadinga ukulungisa imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside.

Futhi, uma uketshezi kuqalisa noma kukhuluphisa i-asthma yakho, ungazuza ekwelapheni uketshezi. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi ethathwa ngomlomo noma nge-nasal spray. I-antihistamines ikusiza ukuvimba ezinye imisebenzi yesistimu yokuvimbela umzimba ebangela izimpawu zoketshezi. I-Decongestants ikusiza ukuqeda isifuba.

Abantu abaningi bathi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile zinciphisa izimpawu ze-asthma. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukubona ukuthi zisebenza yini nokuthi zingaba yini imiphumela emibi. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile ezidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe zihlanganisa:

• Amathekhniki okuphefumula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphefumula ezihleliwe njenge-Buteyko method, i-Papworth method, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisipha yephunga kanye nokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kwe-yoga. Nakuba lezi zindlela zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila, azizange zibonakale zithuthukisa izimpawu ze-asthma.
• I-Acupuncture. Le ndlela inezimpande emithi yaseShayina yasendulo. Ihilela ukufaka izimpumputhe ezincane kakhulu ezindaweni ezibalulekile emzimbeni. I-Acupuncture iphephile futhi ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu, kodwa alukho ubufakazi oanele bokuthi iwelapha i-asthma.