Ukuphikisa Nokungalaleli (Odd)

Ngisho nezingane eziziphatha kahle kakhulu zingaba nzima futhi zibe yingcindezi ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa ukuphambana okuphikisanayo nokuhlubukayo (ODD) kuhlanganisa iphethini evamile neqhubekayo yokuthukuthela, ukuthukuthela, ukuphikisana nokuphikisa abazali nabanye abaphathi. I-ODD ihlanganisa nokuba nomona nokufuna ukuphindisela, ukuziphatha okubizwa ngokuthi ukungabi nabulungisa.

Lezi zinkinga zomzwelo nokuziphatha zibangela izinkinga ezinkulu empilweni yomndeni, imisebenzi yomphakathi, esikoleni nasemsebenzini. Kodwa njengomzali, awudingi ukuzama ukuphatha ingane ene-ODD wedwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo nochwepheshe wokukhula kwengane bangasiza.

Ukuphathwa kwe-ODD kuhilela ukufunda amakhono okusiza ekwakheni ukusebenzisana komndeni okuhle nokuphatha ukuziphatha okungafanele. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, futhi mhlawumbe imithi, kungadingeka ukwelapha izimo ezihlobene zezempilo yengqondo.

Kuvame ukuba nzima ukuqaphela umehluko phakathi kwengane enomqondo oqinile noma enezimfanelo kanye nengane enesifo se-oppositional defiant disorder. Kuvamile ukuba izingane zibonise ukuziphatha okuqhathanisayo ezinyathelweni ezithile zokukhula.

Izimpawu ze-ODD ngokuvamile ziqala eminyakeni yokuqala yesikole. Ngezinye izikhathi i-ODD ingase ithuthuke kamuva, kodwa cishe njalo ngaphambi kweminyaka yobusha. Ukuziphatha okuqhathanisayo nokudelela kuvamile futhi kuqhubeka. Kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ebuhlotsheni, emisebenzini yomphakathi, esikoleni nasemsebenzini, kokubili ingane nomndeni.

Izimpawu zengqondo nokuziphatha ze-ODD ngokuvamile zihlala okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha. Zihlanganisa isimo sengqondo esicasukayo nesicasukayo, ukuziphatha okuqhathanisayo nokudelela, kanye nokuziphatha okulimaza nokubuyisela.

Isimo sengqondo esicasukayo nesicasukayo

• Uvame futhi kalula aphulukane nokuthula.
• Uvame ukuba nomzwelo olukhulu futhi kalula ucasukelwe abanye.
• Uvame ukucasuka futhi enesizungu.

Ukuziphatha okuqhathanisayo nokudelela

• Uvame ukuphikisana nabantu abadala noma abantu abaphethe.
• Uvame ukuphikisa noma ukwenqaba ukulandela izicelo noma imithetho yabantu abadala.
• Uvame ukukhathaza noma ukucasula abantu ngamabomu.
• Uvame ukusola abanye ngamaphutha abo noma ukuziphatha okungalungile.

Ukuziphatha okulimaza nokubuyisela

• Ukhuluma izinto ezimbi neziyizitha uma ecasukile.
• Uzama ukulimaza imizwa yabanye futhi afune ukuphindisela, okuthiwa ukuba nomona.
• Ubonise ukuziphatha okubuyisela okungenani kabili ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule.

Ubunzima

i-ODD ingaba lula, ephakathi noma eqinile:

• Elula. Izimpawu zivela kuphela endaweni eyodwa, njengasekhaya kuphela, esikoleni, emsebenzini noma nabangane.
• Ephakathi. Ezinye izimpawu zivela okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili.
• Eqinile. Ezinye izimpawu zivela ezindaweni ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.

Kwabanye abantwana, izimpawu zingase zibonwe ekhaya kuphela. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuziphatha okungelona kahle kungase kwenzeke nakwezinye izindawo, njengesikole, imisebenzi yomphakathi nabangane.

Umntanakho akasisoli ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Kunalokho, umntanakho cishe uzakhononda ngezidingo ezingafanele noma amelele abanye ngezinkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umntanakho angaba ne-ODD noma ezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha, noma ukhathazekile ngokukwazi kwakho ukukhulisa ingane enenkinga, cela usizo kubachwepheshe bezingane noma uchwepheshe wezingane onolwazi ngezinkinga zokuziphatha. Buza udokotela womntanakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo ngokuqondisa kumhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo.

Ayikho into ebonakalayo ecabangelwayo yokuphambuka komyalo wokuphikisa. Izimbangela zingase zihlanganise ukuxubana kwezinto ezivela ezifundweni nasezindaweni eziqophiwe:

• IziFundo. Ubuntu noma ubuntu lomntwana — oluthiwa futhi yi-temperament — lungase lube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-ODD. Ukwahluka endleleni ama-nerve nobuchopho obusebenza ngayo kungase futhi kudlale indima.
• Izindawo eziqophiwe. Izinkinga zokukhulisa izingane ezingase zihlanganise ukushoda kokunakekelwa, ukuqeqeshwa okungalingani noma okunzima, noma ukuxhashazwa noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele kungase kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-ODD.

Ukuphikisa nokudelela kuyinkinga enzima. Izimbangela ezingase zibangele ukuphikisa nokudelela zihlanganisa:

• Ubuntu - ingane enobunzima bokulawula imizwelo, njengokubonisa imizwelo eqinile ezimweni ezithile noma ukuba nobunzima bokuzwana nokukhungatheka.
• Izinkinga zokukhulisa - ingane ehlushwa ukuxhashazwa noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele, ukuqeqeshwa okunzima noma okungalingani, noma ukungabi khona kokunakekelwa okufanele.
• Ezinye izinkinga zomndeni - ingane ehlala nabazali noma amalungu omndeni abangazinzi noma enomzali onenkinga yengqondo noma osebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Izimo eziqophe - ukuziphatha okungafanele okuqinisekiswa ukunakekelwa okuvela kubangane nokuqeqeshwa okungalingani okuvela kwabanye abaphethe igunya, njengoothisha.

Abantwana nabashabalala abane-oppositional defiant disorder bangaba nezinkinga ekhaya nabazali nabafowabo, esikoleni othisha, nasemsebenzini nabaqondisi nabanye abaphethe igunya. Abantwana nabashabalala abane-ODD bangase bazizwe behluleka ukwenza nokugcina abangane nobudlelwano.

I-ODD ingase futhi ihole ezinye izinkinga, ezifana:

• Ukusebenza okubi esikoleni nasemsebenzini.
• Ukuphatha okungekuhle komphakathi.
• Izinkinga zomthetho.
• Izinkinga zokulawula izingqondo.
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Ukuzibulala.

Abantwana nabashabalala abaningi abane-ODD banesinye isimo sengqondo, njengoba:

• I-Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Ukuphatha okungalungile.
• Ukukhathazeka.
• Izinkinga zokufunda nokuthintana.

Ukuphatha lezi zimo zezempilo yengqondo kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-ODD. Kungase kube nzima ukwelapha i-ODD uma lezi zimo zingahlolwa futhi zitholwe ngendlela efanele.

Asikho isinqumo esiqinisekile sokuvimbela i-oppositional defiant disorder. Kodwa ukukhulelwa okuhle nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha nokuvimbela isimo singabi sibi nakakhulu. Ukuphathwa kwe-ODD kusenesikhathi, kungcono.

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphikisa nokudelela, umhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo uqala ukuhlola ngokuphelele. I-ODD ngokuvamile ivela kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha noma zempilo yengqondo. Ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezivela ku-ODD futhi yiziphi ezihlobene nezinye izinkinga.

• Ukuphila kahle jikelele.
• Ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zenzeka kangakanani nokuthi zinzima kangakanani.
• Imizwelo nokuziphatha ezindaweni ezahlukene nobuhlobo.
• Izimo zomndeni kanye nokuhlangana.
• Amasu aye asiza - noma awazange asisize - ekuqondiseni izindlela zokuziphatha ezingalungile.
• Izinkinga ehlangabezana nazo ingane nomndeni ngenxa yezindlela zokuziphatha ezingalungile.
• Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zempilo yengqondo, zokufunda noma zokuxhumana.

Ukwelapha i-oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe emndenini. Kodwa ukwelapha kungafaka ezinye izinhlobo zokukhulumisana nokuqeqeshwa kwengane yakho — kanye nabazali. Ukwelapha kuvame ukuphela izinyanga eziningi noma isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukwelapha nezinye izinkinga, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kokufunda, ngoba zingabangela noma zenzise izimpawu ze-ODD uma zingaphathwa.

Ukuphathwa kwe-ODD kuvame ukufaka:

• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okukhulu. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abanawo okuhlangenwe nakho ekwelapheni i-ODD bangakusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhulu aqinile, amahle futhi angabi luvalo kuwe nengane yakho. Ezimweni ezithile, ingane yakho ingase ijoyine wena kuleli qeqesho, ukuze wonke umuntu emndenini wakho athuthukise indlela eqinile nemigomo ehlanganyelwe yokusingatha izinkinga. Ukubandakanya abanye abaphathi, njengabafundisi, ekuqeqeshweni kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha.
• Ukwelashwa kokusebenzisana komzali nengane (PCIT). Ngesikhathi se-PCIT, udokotela uyakuncoma ngenkathi usebenzisana nengane yakho. Endleleni eyodwa, udokotela uhlala ngemuva kwe-mirror eyodwa. Usebenzisa idivayisi ye-audio ye-“ear bug”, udokotela uyakukhokhela ngezindlela ezqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane yakho. Ngenxa yalokho, ungafunda amakhono okukhulu aphezulu, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yobudlelwano bakho nengane yakho futhi unciphise ukuziphatha okungafuneki.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukwelashwa kokuxazulula izinkinga zengqondo kungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ibone futhi ishintshe izindlela zokucabanga eziholela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha. Ohlelweni lokwelapha oluthi yi-collaborative problem-solving, wena nengane yakho usebenzisana ukuze nifike ezixazululweni ezisebenza kini bobabili.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi. Ingane yakho ingase ibuye izuze ekwelapheni okuyosisiza ukuba ibe nokuzinza futhi ifunde ukuthi ingasebenzisana kanjani ngendlela enhle nemiphumela emihle nabangane bayo.

Njengengxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwabazali, ungafunda ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani ukuziphatha kwengane yakho ngokuthi:

• Unikeze imiyalo ecacile futhi ulandele ngemiphumela efanele uma kudingeka.
• Uqaphele futhi udumise ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane yakho kanye nezici ezinhle ukuze ukhuthaze ukuziphatha okufunwayo.

Nakuba ezinye izindlela zokukhulu zingase zibonakale sengathi ziyizinto ezivamile, ukufunda ukuzisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi ubhekene nokumelana akuyona into elula. Kunzima kakhulu uma kukhona abanye abacindezelayo ekhaya. Ukufunda lawa makhono kudinga ukuzilolonga okuvamile nokubekezela.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokwelapha, bonisa uthando oluqinile, olungenamibandela nokukwamukela ingane yakho — ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima neziyisikhathi esinzima. Ungazilimazi kakhulu. Lo mqondo ungaba nzima ngisho nakubazali ababekezelelayo kakhulu.

Ekhaya, ungasebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha okungafuneki kwe-oppositional defiant disorder ngokuzivocavoca lezi zindlela:

• Qaphela udumise ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane yakho eduze nesikhathi lapho ubona khona. Yiba uchaza ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, "Ngingithandile indlela osizile ngayo ukuqoqa amathoyizi akho kusihlwa." Ukupha imivuzo yokuziphatha okuhle kungasiza futhi, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancane.
• Lingisa ukuziphatha ofuna ingane yakho ibe nakho. Ukukubuka usebenzelana kahle nabanye kungasiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa amakhono omphakathi.
• Khetha izimpi zakho futhi ugweme ukulwa kwamandla. Cishe konke kungaguquka kube ukulwa kwamandla uma ulivumela.
• Beka imingcele ngokunika imiyalo ecacile nokusebenzisa imiphumela efanelekile eqinile. Xoxani ngokubeka le miqondo ngezikhathi lapho ningaphikisani.
• Yenza uhlelo ngokuthuthukisa isimiso semihla ngemihla esiqondile sengane yakho. Cela ingane yakho ukuba isize ekuthuthukiseni leso simiso.
• Yenza isikhathi sokuhlangana ngokuhlela isimiso samasonto onke esifaka wena nengane yakho enza izinto ndawonye.
• Sebenzani ndawonye nomlingani wakho noma abanye ekhaya lakho ukuqinisekisa izinqubo zokuqeqesha eziqondile neziqondile. Cela usizo kubafundisi, abaqeqeshi nabanye abadala abaqeda isikhathi nengane yakho.
• Nikeza umsebenzi wasekhaya oyadingeka futhi ongayenziwa uma ingane yakho ingawenzi. Ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukubekela ingane yakho isisekelo sokuphumelela ngemisebenzi elula ukwenza kahle. Kancane kancane faka imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu neyinselele. Nikeza imiyalo ecacile, elula ukuyilandela. Sebenzisa lokhu njengethuba lokuqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle.
• Lungela izinselele ekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni, ingane yakho cishe ngeke ihlanganyele noma iqonde impendulo yakho eguqukile ekuziphatheni kwayo. Lindela ukuziphatha okubi ekuqaleni ngemva kokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezintsha manje ozilindele. Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, ukuhlala uqine ngisho noma ukuziphatha okungafuneki kuwohloka, iyikhi yokuphumelela.

Ngokuzama okuqhubekayo nokuqondile, ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela kungabangela ukuziphatha okuthuthukisiwe nobuhlobo.

Kuyinselele ukuba umzali wengane enesifo se-oppositional defiant disorder. Buza imibuzo bese utshela iqembu lakho lokwelashwa ngezinkathazo zakho nezidingo zakho. Cabanga ukuthola ukwelashwa ngawe nomndeni wakho ukuze ufunde amasu okuqondisa ukuze uthole usizo ekuqondiseni izidingo zakho. Futhi funa futhi wakhe ubuhlobo obusekela futhi ufunde amakhono okulawula ukucindezeleka ukuze uthole usizo ekuqondiseni izikhathi ezinzima.

Ukufunda amasu okuqondisa nokusekela kungabangela imiphumela emihle kuwe nengane yakho ngoba uzokulungele kangcono ukubhekana nokuziphatha okungafuneki.