Ukuqina Kwezinzwa Zombono? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kuyi-inflammation yethambo lezinzwa zombono, ikhebula ethatha izimpawu zobumnyama emehlweni akho iye ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga ngakho njengokukhula okuphazamisa ukugeleza okulula kolwazi phakathi kwamehlo akho nebuchopho, ngokuvamile kubangela ukushintsha okungazelelwe kobumnyama elinye iso.

Leli simo ngokuvamile lithinta abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nama-40, ngabesifazane behlangabezana nalo ngokuvamile kunamadoda. Nakuba ukuqala okungazelelwe kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, abantu abaningi bayaphulukisa ukubona okukhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Uphawu oluvamile kakhulu ukulahlekelwa yisibono okwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini, ngokuvamile kulimaza iso elilodwa. Ungase uqaphele ukubona kwakho kuqala ukuba buthakathaka, obukhulu, noma njengokubuka ngeglasi e-frosted.

Ake sihambe ngezimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo, sikhumbula ukuthi isipiliyoni sabo bonke singase sihluke kancane:

• Ukulahlekelwa yisibono okungazelelwe noma ubuthakathaka elinye iso (ngokungavamile womabili amehlo)
• Ubuhlungu obuzungezile noma ngemuva kweliso, ikakhulukazi lapho ulilalisha
• Imibala ebonakala ihlanzwe noma ingabonakali kahle njengokujwayelekile
• Izibani ezikhanya noma ukuphazamiseka okungavamile kobumnyama
• Indawo efile ephakathi kobumnyama bakho
• Ubunzima boku bona ekukhanyeni okumnyama
• Ukuwohloka okwesikhashana kobumnyama lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho likhuphuka (njengokwenza umsebenzi noma ishawa elishisayo)

Ubuhlungu beliso ngokuvamile buza kuqala, kulandele ukushintsha kobumnyama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile buzwakala njengokuhlungu okujulile okubi kakhulu lapho uhambisa amehlo akho eceleni.

Yini ebangela ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha luhlasela ngokungalungile ukumbozwa okuvikelayo okuzungezile ithambo lezinzwa zombono. Lokhu kumbozwa, okuthiwa yi-myelin, kusebenza njengokufakwa kwe-insulation ecingweni le-elekthrikhi, kusiza izimpawu zezinzwa ukuthi zihambe ngokulula.

Izici eziningi zingase zibangele le nqubo yokuphepha, nokuziqonda kungakusiza ukuthi ukhululeke:

• I-multiple sclerosis (MS) - imbangela evamile kakhulu
• Ukutheleleka okuwumkhuhlane njenge-measles, i-mumps, noma i-herpes
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacteria kufaka phakathi i-Lyme disease noma i-syphilis
• Isimo se-autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-sarcoidosis
• Imithi ethile noma ukugonywa (okungavamile kakhulu)
• I-Neuromyelitis optica, isimo esifana ne-MS
• Ngezinye izikhathi ayikho imbangela ecacile engabonakala

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba nokuqina kwezinzwa zombono akusho ukuthi une-MS. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezehlakalo ezihlukile ezingaholeli kwezinye izimo zezinzwa.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa yisibono okungazelelwe noma ukushintsha okukhulu kobumnyama elinye iso noma womabili amehlo. Nakuba ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono akuyona inhlekelele yezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okufanele futhi kuvimbele ezinye izimo ezinkulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma uqaphela ukulahlekelwa yisibono okuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane, noma ubuthakathaka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhombe isimo esihlukile esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ukusheshisa ukuphulukisa futhi kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zobumnyama ezingapheli.

Ziyini izici ezingozi zokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Izici ezithile zikhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzobhekana naleli simo. Ukuziqonda kuzokusiza uhlale unolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezingozi okufanele uzazi:

• Ukuba owesifazane (abesifazane bathinteka izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngokuvamile kunamadoda)
• Iminyaka phakathi kwama-20-40
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-multiple sclerosis
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele ezikude ne-equator
• Ukuba ngowaseYurophu yaseNyakatho
• Ukuba namamaki athile e-genetic (HLA-DRB1 ne-HLA-DQB1)
• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi i-Epstein-Barr virus
• Ukubhema utshaba
• Amazinga aphansi e-vitamin D

Nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha izici ezifana neminyaka yakho noma i-genetics, ukugcina impilo enhle ngokudla okufanele nokugwema ukubhema kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Abantu abaningi bayaphulukisa kahle ngokuqina kwezinzwa zombono, kodwa kuyinto yemvelo ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela ende. Ake ngihambe nawe ngalokho okungase kwenzeke, kufaka phakathi kokubili okungavamile nokungaqondakali.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa yisibono okungapheli, nakuba ngokuvamile kuyincane
• Ukuwohloka kobumnyama bombala, ikakhulukazi ukwahlukanisa obomvu nobuhlu
• Ukuwohloka kokuzwa okuhambisanayo (ubunzima boku bona ekukhanyeni okumnyama)
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesigaba sokubona (izindawo ezifile ebumnyameni bakho obunxande)
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-multiple sclerosis (ingozi engama-15-20% phakathi kweminyaka engu-10)
• I-Optic nerve atrophy (ukuqina kwezinzwa)

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingase zihlanganise ukulahlekelwa yisibono okungapheli noma izehlakalo eziphindaphindayo elinye iso noma elinye. Noma kunjalo, le miphumela ithinta kuphela ingxenye encane yabantu abano-optic neuritis.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bagcina ukubona okusebenzayo ngisho noma kukhona ukushintsha okuncane okuhlala khona. Ubuchopho bakho ngokuvamile buziqondisa kahle kakhulu ekushintsheni okuncane kobumnyama.

Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kunqunywa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo nomlando wezokwelapha ukuqonda izimpawu zakho. Le nqubo ikusiza ukuvimbela ezinye izimo futhi iqinisekise ukuxilongwa.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzovivinya ubukhali bakho bobumnyama, ukubona imibala, nokubona obunxande. Bazohlola futhi emuva kweliso lakho usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile ukubuka ithambo lezinzwa zombono.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise isikrini se-MRI sebuchopho bakho ne-orbits (ama-eye sockets) ukubona i-inflammation nokuhlola izimpawu ze-multiple sclerosis. Izivivinyo zegazi zingasiza ukubona ukutheleleka okusekelayo noma izimo ze-autoimmune.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwe-visual evoked potential, okuqapha ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buphendula ngokushesha kangakanani ezimpawu zobumnyama. Lo mvivinyo ungathola ukonakala kwezinzwa ngisho noma ukubona kubonakala kujwayelekile.

Ukuphathwa kokwelashwa kokwelashwa kwezinzwa zombono?

Ukuphathwa kugxile ekunciphiseni i-inflammation nokukhuphula ukuphulukisa. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko yi-corticosteroids, imithi enamandla yokulwa ne-inflammation esiza ukuthula ukuhlasela kohlelo lokuphepha lithambo lezinzwa zombono.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokhuthaza i-steroids enkulu ye-intravenous (IV) izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwehlanu, kulandele i-steroids yomlomo oyokwehlisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinyangeni eziningana. Le ndlela ngokuvamile ikusiza ukubona ukuphulukisa ngokushesha kunokulinda ukuphulukisa kwemvelo.

Uma i-steroids ingasizi noma ungakwazi ukuyithatha, udokotela wakho angase acabangele ukwelashwa kwe-plasma exchange. Lokhu kuphathwa kuhlanza igazi lakho ukususa ama-antibodies angase abe yingozi, nakuba kugcinelwe izimo ezinkulu.

Kubantu abasezingozini eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa i-multiple sclerosis, udokotela wakho angase axoxe ngezindlela zokuguqula izifo. Le mithi ingasiza ukuvimbela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-MS.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, amasu amaningi ekhaya angakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uvikele ukubona kwakho ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kanye nenqubo yakho yokwelashwa eyalwe.

Phumula amehlo akho lapho ezwa ekhathele, futhi usebenzise ukukhanya okuhle lapho ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi oseduze. Gwema imisebenzi edinga ukubona okuqondile kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziphulukana, futhi cabanga ngokugqoka izibuko ze-sunglasses uma izibani ezinkulu zibangela ukungakhululeki.

Faka izicubu ezibandayo eliswini lakho uma lizwakala libuhlungu noma liqina. Thatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ngenxa yobuningi beliso, ulandela imiyalo yephakheji.

Hlala uthambile futhi uthole ubuthongo obukhulu ukusekela inqubo yokuphulukisa yomzimba wakho. Gwema ukushisa kakhulu, njengoba ukwanda kwengqondo lokushisa lomzimba kungase kuwohloke izimpawu zobumnyama ngesikhashana kwabanye abantu.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nenqubo yokwelashwa efanele. Ukuletha ulwazi olufanele kulondoloza isikhathi futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokuphelele.

Bhala phansi lapho izimpawu zakho zaqala khona, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Qaphela noma yimiphi imikhuhlane yakamuva, ukugonywa, noma imithi entsha oyithathe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo nemithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Futhi, buthana ulwazi mayelana nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imikhakha yezinzwa.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluqakathekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Yini eyinhloko yokuthatha ngokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza lapho kuqala, kodwa abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nokuphulukisa okukhulu kobumnyama ngokwelashwa okufanele. Nakuba ukushintsha okuncane kungase kuhlale khona, iningi labantu libuyela ebumnyameni obujwayelekile noma obuseduze ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ukuphathwa kwasekuqaleni nge-steroids ngokuvamile kusheshisa ukuphulukisa futhi kungasiza ukulondoloza ukubona. Ngisho noma uthuthukisa ukushintsha okungapheli, ubuchopho bakho ngokuvamile buziqondisa kahle, futhi lezi zinguquko azivame ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nokuqina kwezinzwa zombono akusho ukuthi uzothuthukisa i-multiple sclerosis noma ezinye izimo ezinkulu. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezehlakalo ezihlukile ezingaphindaphindwa noma eziholela kwezinye izinkinga zezinzwa.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuqina kwezinzwa zombono

Ingabe ukubona kwami ​​kuzobuyela kujwayelekile ngemuva kokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Abantu abaningi bayaphulukisa ukubona okukhulu phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu, abaningi bebuyela e-20/20 noma ebumnyameni obuseduze. Cishe u-95% wabantu bayaphulukisa ukubona okuwusizo, nakuba abanye bangase baqaphele ukushintsha okuncane ekuboneni imibala noma ukubona okuhambisanayo. Ubuchopho bakho ngokuvamile buziqondisa ekushintsheni okuncane, okwenza kube nzima ukubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kusho njalo ukuthi ngine-multiple sclerosis?

Cha, ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono akusho ukuthi yi-multiple sclerosis. Nakuba i-MS iyimbangela evamile, abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezehlakalo ezihlukile ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-MS. Ingozi yakho ixhomeke ezicini ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-MRI nomlando womndeni. Cishe u-15-20% wabantu abano-optic neuritis bathuthukisa i-MS phakathi kweminyaka engu-10.

Ingabe ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kungenzeka emehlweni womabili ngesikhathi esifanayo?

Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono ngokuvamile kulimaza iso elilodwa kuphela, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Lapho womabili amehlo ehilelekile ngesikhathi esifanayo, odokotela bacabanga ngezimo ezifana ne-neuromyelitis optica noma ukutheleleka okuthile. Ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono kwe-bilateral kuvamile kakhulu kubantwana futhi kungase kukhombe imbangela ehlukile kunamacala avamile abantu abadala.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa ngokuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kobumnyama kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, ngokuthuthuka okukhulu okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezine kuya kweziyisithupha zokuqala. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-steroid. Noma kunjalo, ukuphulukisa okuphelele kungathatha unyaka, futhi ukushintsha okuncane kungase kube okungapheli.

Kufanele ngigweme yini umsebenzi womzimba ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa ukuqina kwezinzwa zombono?

Awudingi ukugwema yonke imisebenzi yomzimba, kodwa umsebenzi onzima okhuphula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho ungase uwohloke izimpawu zobumnyama ngesikhashana. Qala ngemisebenzi ebushelelezi bese ukhulisa amandla njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile. Lalela umzimba wakho bese uphumula lapho amehlo akho ezwa ekhathele noma ebuhlungu.