Osteosarcoma

U-Osteosarcoma uhlobo lwe-kansa yamathambo. Ngokuvamile uqala emathanjeni amade emilenze noma ezingalweni. Kodwa ungaba khona kuwo wonke amathambo.

U-Osteosarcoma uhlobo lwe-kansa oluqala ezicellulweni ezakha amathambo. U-Osteosarcoma uvamise ukwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abasebasha nabantu abadala abasebancane. Kodwa futhi kungenzeka kubantwana abancinci kakhulu nabantu abadala.

U-Osteosarcoma ungaqala kuwo wonke amathambo. Utholakala kakhulu emathanjeni amade emilenze, ngezinye izikhathi ezingalweni. Ngokungavamile, kwenzeka emathishini abuthakathaka ngaphandle komthambo.

Ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni kwe-osteosarcoma kuye kwathuthukisa ithemba lale kansa. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-osteosarcoma, abantu ngezinye izikhathi bahlangabezana nemiphumela ekuthuthukeni ngemva kokwelashwa okunamandla okusetshenziswe ukulawula i-kansa. Abachwepheshe bezempilo bavame ukuncoma ukuqapha impilo yonke ngemiphumela emibi ngemva kokwelashwa.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-Osteosarcoma zivame ukuqala ngaphansi. Ubuhlungu buvamise ukuthinta amathambo amade ezinyaweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezingalo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: Ubuhlungu lwamathambo noma lwamalunga. Ubuhlungu bungase buze buhambe ekuqaleni. Bungase budideke nobuhlungu bokukhula. Ubuhlungu obuhambisana nethambo eliphukile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Ukukhuluphala eduze kwelathambo. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela uma wena noma ingane yakho inezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo. Izimpawu ze-Osteosarcoma zifana nezimpawu zezinye izimo ezivamile, njengeziphukuphuku zezemidlalo. Udokotela angase ahlole lezo zizathu kuqala.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela uma wena noma ingane yakho inesimptome esiqhubekayo esikukhathazayo. Izimpawu ze-Osteosarcoma zifana nezimo eziningi ezivamile, njengeziphukuphuku zezemidlalo. Uchwepheshe wezempilo angase ahlole lezo zizathu kuqala. Bhalisela mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukubhalisa noma nini ofuna.

Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela i-osteosarcoma.

I-Osteosarcoma kwenzeka lapho amaseli amathambo ehlanganisa izinguquko ku-DNA yawo. I-DNA yeselula igcina imiyalo, ebizwa ngama-jini, achaza iselesha okufanele ikwenze. Kumaseli aphilile, i-DNA inikeza imiyalo yokukhula nokukhulisa ngesivinini esibekiwe. Imiyalo iyalela amaseli ukuthi afe ngesikhathi esibekiwe.

Kumaseli e-kensi, izinguquko ze-DNA zinikeza imiyalo ehlukile. Izinqubo zitshela amaseli e-kensi ukwenza amaseli amaningi ngokushesha. Amaseli e-kensi angaqhubeka ephila lapho amaseli aphilile efa. Lokhu kubangela amaseli amaningi kakhulu.

Amaseli e-kensi angakha i-mass ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula ukuze ihlase ize yonakalise ithishu lomzimba eliphilile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaseli e-kensi angaphula futhi asakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma i-kensi isakazeka, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-kensi ye-metastatic.

Abantu abaningi abane-osteosarcoma abanawo amanye ama-risk factor achaziwe e-cancer. Kodwa-ke lezi zinto zingandisa ingozi ye-osteosarcoma:

• Izimo ezithile ezihambisana nemindeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-retinoblastoma elidluliselwa ngokuzalwa, i-Bloom syndrome, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, i-Rothmund-Thomson syndrome ne-Werner syndrome.
• Ezinye izimo emathanjeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Paget's disease yethambo ne-fibrous dysplasia.
• Ukwelashwa ngaphambili nge-radiation therapy noma i-chemotherapy.

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-osteosarcoma.

Izinkinga ze-osteosarcoma kanye nokuphathwa kwayo zihlanganisa okulandelayo.

I-Osteosarcoma ingasakazeka kusuka lapho yaqala khona iye kwamanye ama-indawo. Lokhu kwenza ukwelashwa nokubuyiselwa kube nzima. I-Osteosarcoma ivame ukusakazeka emaphaphwini, emathanjeni afanayo noma kwenye ithambo.

Abachwepheshe bokuhlinzwa bafuna ukususa umdlavuza futhi bagcine ingalo noma umlenze uma bengaqondi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abachwepheshe bokuhlinzwa kudingeka basuse ingxenye yelungu lomzimba elithintekile ukuze basuse wonke umdlavuza. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ilungu lokuqamba, okuthiwa yi-prosthesis, kudinga isikhathi, ukuzijwayeza nokubekezela. Ochwepheshe bangasiza.

Ukuphathwa okuqinile okudingekayo ukulawula i-osteosarcoma kungabangela imiphumela emibi emikhulu, kokubili ngesikhathi esifushane nangesikhathi eside. Ithimba lakho lokuphatha impilo lingakusiza wena noma ingane yakho ukuthi niphathe imiphumela emibi eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ithimba lingakunika uhlu lwemiphumela emibi okufanele uyilindele eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungase kuqale ngokuhlolwa komzimba. Ngokusekelwe ezitholweni zokuhlolwa, kungase kube khona ezinye izivivinyo nezinqubo. Izivivinyo zobumfanekiso Izivivinyo zobumfanekiso zenza izithombe zomzimba. Zingabonisa indawo nobukhulu be-osteosarcoma. Izivivinyo zingafaka: I-X-ray. I-MRI. I-CT. Ukucubungula amathambo. Ukucubungula kwe-positron emission tomography, okuthiwa i-PET scan. Ukususa isampula yamangqamuzana ukuze kuhlolwe, okuthiwa i-biopsy I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. Ithishu ingase isuswe ngenhlanzi ebekwe ngesikhumba iye ekeni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukucathulwa kuyadingeka ukuze uthole isampula yethishu. Isampula ihlolwa elabhoratri ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kungumdlavuza yini. Ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile zinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa. Ukumisela uhlobo lwe-biopsy edingekayo nokuthi kufanele yenziwe kanjani kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela yiqembu lezokwelapha. I-biopsy kufanele yenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ingabi khona endleleni yokucathulwa kwesikhathi esizayo ukususa umdlavuza. Ngaphambi kokuba uthole i-biopsy, cela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ukuba bakubhekisele eqenjini lochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho ekwelapheni i-osteosarcoma. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lochwepheshe abanothando eMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-osteosarcoma Qala Lapha

Ukwelapha i-osteosarcoma kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ngokungaqondakali, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungaba yindlela uma umdlavuza ungelapheki ngokuhlinzwa. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa ukususa wonke amaseli omdlavuza. Ekucwaningeni ukuhlinzwa, iqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo liqaphela ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyothinta kanjani impilo yakho noma yengane yakho yansuku zonke. Ubunzima bokuhlinzwa kwe-osteosarcoma kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengosayizi womdlavuza nendawo yakhe. Okuhlinzwa okusetshenziswayo ekwelapheni i-osteosarcoma kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa umdlavuza kuphela, okuthiwa futhi ukuhlinzwa kokulondoloza uhlangothi. Iningi lokuhlinzwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungenziwa ngendlela esusa wonke umdlavuza futhi igcine ingalo noma unyawo. Uma uhlobo lolu lokuhlinzwa luyindlela, kuncike, ngokwengxenye, ebunzimeni bomdlavuza nokuthi yimiziphi imisipha nezinye izicubu ezidinga ukususwa. Uma ingxenye yethambo isusiwe, udokotela ohlinzayo uzoyakha kabusha ithambo. Indlela ithambo eliyakhiwa ngayo kabusha kuncike esimweni. Izindlela zifaka phakathi izifaki zensimbi noma ukufakelwa kwama-grafts amathambo.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ingalo noma unyawo oluthintekile, okuthiwa futhi ukunqunywa. Ngokungaqondakali udokotela ohlinzayo angasuswa unyawo noma ingalo oluthintekile ukuze athole wonke umdlavuza. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ingalo noma unyawo olungekho emzimbeni lungasetshenziswa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-prosthesis.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ingxenye engezansi yenyawo, okuthiwa futhi i-rotationplasty. I-Rotationplasty ingaba yindlela ye-osteosarcoma ekuhlanganyeleni kwamadolo. Kulolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa umdlavuza nendawo ezungezile, kuhlanganise nekuhlanganyela kwamadolo. Unyawo kanye nekhanda bese kuphendululwa futhi kufakwe emuva engxenyeni yenyawo eselele phezulu kwamadolo. Bese-ke ikhanda lisebenza njengamdolo. I-prosthesis isetshenziswa enyangeni nasekhanda. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela enhle kubantwana abasakhula. Kubavumela ukuthi bahlanganyele emidlalweni nasemisebenzini yomzimba. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa umdlavuza kuphela, okuthiwa futhi ukuhlinzwa kokulondoloza uhlangothi. Iningi lokuhlinzwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungenziwa ngendlela esusa wonke umdlavuza futhi igcine ingalo noma unyawo. Uma uhlobo lolu lokuhlinzwa luyindlela, kuncike, ngokwengxenye, ebunzimeni bomdlavuza nokuthi yimiziphi imisipha nezinye izicubu ezidinga ukususwa. Uma ingxenye yethambo isusiwe, udokotela ohlinzayo uzoyakha kabusha ithambo. Indlela ithambo eliyakhiwa ngayo kabusha kuncike esimweni. Izindlela zifaka phakathi izifaki zensimbi noma ukufakelwa kwama-grafts amathambo. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ingxenye engezansi yenyawo, okuthiwa futhi i-rotationplasty. I-Rotationplasty ingaba yindlela ye-osteosarcoma ekuhlanganyeleni kwamadolo. Kulolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa umdlavuza nendawo ezungezile, kuhlanganise nekuhlanganyela kwamadolo. Unyawo kanye nekhanda bese kuphendululwa futhi kufakwe emuva engxenyeni yenyawo eselele phezulu kwamadolo. Bese-ke ikhanda lisebenza njengamdolo. I-prosthesis isetshenziswa enyangeni nasekhanda. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela enhle kubantwana abasakhula. Kubavumela ukuthi bahlanganyele emidlalweni nasemisebenzini yomzimba. I-Chemotherapy iwelapha umdlavuza ngemithi enamandla. Nge-osteosarcoma, i-chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Inganciphisa umdlavuza futhi iwenze kube lula ukususwa. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy kungasetshenziswa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza angase asele. Nge-osteosarcoma ebuyela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma esakazeka kwamanye amaqembu omzimba, i-chemotherapy ingasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu nasekuthambiseni ukukhula komdlavuza. Ukuphathwa komgogodla kuwelapha umdlavuza ngemisebe yamandla enkulu. Amandla angaphuma kuma-X-rays, amaprotons noma ezinye izinto. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komgogodla, ulela etafuleni ngenkathi umshini uhamba emzimbeni wakho. Umshini uqondisa ukuphathwa komgogodla ezintweni ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Ukuphathwa komgogodla akusetshenziswa njalo ekwelapheni i-osteosarcoma. Ukuphathwa komgogodla kungase kuphakanyiswe esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakususa wonke umdlavuza. Amatrial wokwelapha yizifundo zokwelashwa okusha. Lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba lokuzama ukwelashwa kwamuva. Ingozi yemiphumela emibi ingase ingaziwa. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma wena noma ingane yakho ningase nibe yingxenye yokuhlolwa kokwelapha. Bhalisa mahhala futhi uthole umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukubhalisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokusebenzisa isixhumanisi sokubhalisa i-imeyili. Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzokwase Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungase kuzwakale kukhulu. Ngesikhathi uzofumana izindlela zokubhekana nokuhlupheka nokungabaza komdlavuza. Kuze kube yilapho, ungase uthole lokhu kulusizo: Buza ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo noma bengane yakho mayelana ne-osteosarcoma, kuhlanganise nezinketho zokwelapha. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe, ungase uzizwe ukhulu ngokwenza izinqumo mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha. Uma ingane yakho inomdlavuza, cela iqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba likukhokhele ekukhulumeni nengane yakho ngomdlavuza ngendlela enhle engayiqonda ingane yakho. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane ne-osteosarcoma. Abangane nomndeni bangasiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma ingane yakho isesibhedlela. Futhi bangasebenza njengokusekela ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa sengathi ubhekene nokuningi kunalokho ongakubhekana nakho. Ukukhuluma nomxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, i-psychologist noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kungasiza futhi. Cela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo izindlela zokusekela ngokomzwelo kwabachwepheshe kuwe nengane yakho. Ungabuye uhlole ku-inthanethi inhlangano yomdlavuza, njenge-American Cancer Society, enezinsizakalo zokusekela.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteosarcoma kungaholela ekuzizenzeni. Ngesikhathi, uzothola izindlela zokubhekana nokuhlupheka nokungabaza komdlavuza. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ungase uthole lokhu okulandelayo kuwusizo: Funda okwanele mayelana ne-osteosarcoma ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalelwa Buza udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo yengane yakho mayelana ne-osteosarcoma, kufaka phakathi izinketho zokwelashwa. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe, ungase uzizwe ukhululekile ngokwenza izinqumo mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa. Uma ingane yakho inomdlavuza, cela iqembu lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba likukhokhele ekukhulumeni nengane yakho ngomdlavuza ngendlela enhle engayiqonda ingane yakho. Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane ne-osteosarcoma. Abangane nomndeni bangasiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma ingane yakho isesibhedlela. Futhi bangasebenza njengesekeli yozwela uma uzizwa sengathi ubhekene nokuningi kunalokho ongakubhekana nakho. Buza ngesekeli yezempilo yengqondo Ukukhuluma nomeluleki, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wezokwelapha, i-psychologist noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kungasiza futhi. Cela iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo izinketho zokusekelwa kwezempilo yengqondo kwenawe nengane yakho. Ungabuye uhlole ku-inthanethi inhlangano yomdlavuza, njenge-American Cancer Society, enezinsizakalo zokusekela.