Umgilamkhulu We-Pancreas? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas uqala lapho amaseli e-pancreas akho ekhula ngokungapheli futhi enza iziphumu. I-pancreas yakho iyitho elincane elingemuva kwesisu lakho elisiza ekudayiseni nasekulawuleni ushukela wegazi. Nakuba lokhu kuhlinzwa kungase kubonakale kuyisikhathi esinzima, ukuqonda amaqiniso ngomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi uqonde okukhona phambili.

Iyini I-Pancreatic Cancer?

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas ukhula lapho amaseli ajwayelekile e-pancreas yakho eguquka futhi ezala ngaphandle kokulawulwa. I-pancreas inemisebenzi emibili ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho. Yenza ama-enzyme okuhlanza ukudla futhi ikhiqize ama-hormone afana ne-insulin elawula ushukela wegazi.

Iningi lomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas liqala kumaseli agubungela imisele ethwala ama-enzyme okuhlanza. Lawo abizwa ngokuthi yi-adenocarcinomas futhi enza cishe u-95% wabo bonke umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas. Izimo ezisele zikhula kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone, aziwa ngokuthi yi-neuroendocrine tumors.

Lolu hlobo lomgi lamkhulu luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ugula oluthulile” ngoba izimpawu ngokuvamile aziveli kuze kube yilapho umgi lamkhulu ukhule noma usakazeke. Yingakho abantu abaningi bangaqapheli ukuthi banalo ezigabeni zokuqala lapho ukwelapha kungase kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas osukuqala ngokuvamile awubangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuwuthola. Uma izimpawu zivele, zingase zibe buthakathaka futhi zididaniswe nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezivamile.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu obuningi buya emhlane wakho
• Ukunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzimisela ukulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ukwehliswa kwesifiso sokudla noma ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha lapho udle
• Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba nemihlobiso yamehlo (jaundice)
• Umbhilo omnyama nomthondo omhlophe noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukugula okusha kwe-diabetes noma ukulawulwa okubi kweswekile
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuqina kwegazi ezinyaweni zabo, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuzizwa ugcwele esiswini sabo esiphezulu. Lezi zimpawu zingase ziye ziye noma zibe zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ngokuqinisekile. Izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ngakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko eziqhubekayo ozibona.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zomgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas, futhi zihamba ngendlela ehlukile komunye nomunye. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo onalo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela engcono kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ama-tumors e-exocrine enza iningi lomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas. Ovame kakhulu yi-pancreatic adenocarcinoma, eqala kumaseli agubungela imisele ye-pancreas. Lezi ziphumu zivame ukukhula nokukhahlela ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo.

Ama-tumors e-endocrine, abizwa nangokuthi yi-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors noma i-PNETs, awavamile kakhulu. Lezi zikhula kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone e-pancreas yakho. Ngokuvamile zikhula kancane futhi zingase zibe nombono omuhle kune-exocrine tumors.

Phakathi kwalezi zigaba eziyinhloko, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ezingase zitholwe udokotela wakho ngokuhlolwa. Zonke izinhlobo zingaba nezici ezihlukile kanye nezindlela zokwelapha, kungakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchanehile.

Yini Ebanga Umgilamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Imbangela eqondile yomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bathole izici eziningi ezingandisa ingozi yakho. Izimo eziningi zikhula ngenxa yokuxubana kwezinguquko ze-genetic nemiphumela yemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni komgi lamkhulu we-pancreas:

• I-mutations ye-genetic engase ifunwe noma ikhule phakathi nokuphila kwakho
• Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwe-pancreas (pancreatitis)
• Ukubhema isikhathi eside, okwandisa ingozi yakho kabili
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala okukhulu iminyaka eminingi
• Ukuvezwa ezimweni ezithile zekhemikhali emsebenzini
• Ukutheleleka ngama-bacteria e-Helicobacter pylori
• Ukutheleleka yi-Hepatitis B virus

Ubudala budlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba abantu abaningi abaxilongwe baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65. Ingozi yakho ikhuphuka futhi uma une-diabetes, ikakhulukazi uma iqala ngokuzumayo ebuntwini, noma uma unesisindo esikhulu.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas. Abantu abaningi abanezici eziningi zengozi abazutholi le gcikwane, kanti abanye abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo bayithola.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngezimpawu Zomgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala amasonto amaningi. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungasiza ukuthola imbangela futhi kunikeze ukuzola kwengqondo noma ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi uma kudingeka.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukufiphaza kwesikhumba noma amehlo, njengoba lokhu kungase kubonise ukuvimba okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Ukuqala okungazelelwe kwe-diabetes kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene nokulahlekelwa isisindo, futhi kudinga ukubheka ngokuphelele.

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu obungaphuli ngokuphumula noma imithi engaphezu kokuthengiswa. Ngokufanayo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki okungaphezu kwamapounds angu-10 ngaphandle kokuzimisela kufanele kukhuthaze ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Thembani izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho. Uma kukhona okubonakala kungalungile noma okuhlukile, kuhlale kungcono ukuthi kuhlolwe. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe noma uma zihambisana nokuthile okungathi sína.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zomgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Ukuqonda izici zengozi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo eziqondiwe mayelana nempilo yakho, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngumgi lamkhulu. Ezinye izici zengozi ongazilawula, kanti ezinye awukwazi.

Izici zengozi ongenakuziguqula zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala (buvamile ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, bubi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40)
• Ubulili (buvamile kakhulu kumadoda)
• Uhlanga (amanani aphezulu kuma-African Americans)
• Umbukiso womndeni womgi lamkhulu we-pancreas
• I-syndromes ye-genetic efunwe njenge-BRCA2 mutations
• I-pancreatitis ehlala njalo noma i-pancreatitis efunwe

Izici zengozi ongazama ukuzithinta zihlanganisa ukubhema, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esinguqukayo. Ukusebenzisa utshwala okukhulu, ukukhuluphala, kanye nokuvezwa emsebenzini ezimweni ezithile zekhemikhali futhi kukhuphula ingozi yakho.

Ukuba ne-diabetes, ikakhulukazi i-type 2 diabetes eqala ngokuzumayo ebuntwini, kungase futhi kuhlotshaniswe nengozi yomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas. Amanye ama-study abonisa ukuthi abantu abane-diabetes banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuthola lo mgi lamkhulu.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Ngokugula Komgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas ungabangela izingozi ezahlukahlukene njengoba ukhula, kodwa ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungiselela nokuphatha ngokuphumelelayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nazo zonke lezi zingozi.

Izingozi ezivamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuvimba komsele we-bile okubangela i-jaundice nokukhahlela
• Ukuvimba kwamathumbu okuthinta ukudayisa nokondliwa
• Ukuqina kwegazi ezinyaweni noma emaphashini
• I-diabetes evela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin
• Izinkinga zokudayisa nokondliwa okungafanele
• Ubuhlungu obuvela ekukhuleni komgi lamkhulu noma ukubandakanyeka kwama-nerve
• Ukubutha kwamanzi esiswini

Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingasiza ekuphatheni lezi zingozi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha. Isibonelo, bangase babeke i-stent ukuvula imisele ye-bile evaliwe noma banikeze ama-enzyme ukusiza ekudayiseni.

Eziningi zalezi zingozi zingaphathwa noma ziphathwe ngokuphumelelayo, kungakho kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile bangavimba izinkinga noma bazibambe kusenesikhathi lapho kulula ukuzixazulula.

Umgilamkhulu We-Pancreas Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukuthola umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ngokuvamile kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi nezivivinyo ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wokuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nembali yakho yezokwelapha, bese uqhubekela ekubhekeni komzimba nasekuhlolweni.

Izivivinyo zokuqala ngokuvamile zihlanganisa umsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola ama-tumor markers nomsebenzi welaphe. Izifundo zokubonisa njenge-CT scans noma i-MRI zingabonisa usayizi nendawo yanoma yiziphi iziphumu. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayalele i-ultrasound yesisu njengenyathelo lokuqala.

Izivivinyo ezikhethekile zingase zihlanganise i-endoscopic ultrasound, lapho i-tube encane enekhamera idluliselwa emlonyeni wakho ukuze uthole izithombe eziningi ze-pancreas yakho. Le nqubo ingase futhi iqoqe amasampula e-tissue for biopsy.

I-biopsy idingeka ngokuvamile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuthola uhlobo oluqondile lomgi lamkhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane ye-tissue ukuyibuka ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Imiphumela iyasiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela efanele yokwelapha.

Iyini Indlela Yokwelapha Umgilamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Ukuphathwa komgi lamkhulu we-pancreas kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi isigaba somgi lamkhulu, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezifiso zakho siqu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo olufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube khona uma umgi lamkhulu ungakahlangene ne-pancreas. Inqubo evamile kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Whipple procedure, esusa ingxenye ye-pancreas kanye nezinye izicubu eziseduze. Ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kule nqubo ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amaningana.

I-chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi yokubulala amaseli omgi lamkhulu futhi ngokuvamile icelwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, noma njengokwelapha okukhulu lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka. Le miithi ingase inikezwe nge-IV noma njengezithasiphila ozithatha ekhaya.

I-radiation therapy isebenzisa ama-beam aphezulu amandla ukubulala amaseli omgi lamkhulu futhi ingase ihlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy. Abanye abantu nabo bayazuza ekwelapheni okusha njenge-immunotherapy noma imithi ye-targeted therapy esebenza ngezindlela ezithile ngokumelene namaseli omgi lamkhulu.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha lungase luhlanganise ukuxubana kwalezi zindlela. I-oncologist yakho izochaza izinzuzo nemiphumela emibi yazo zonke izinketho ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo eziqondiwe mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Somgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Ukuphatha umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela impilo yakho yonke ngenkathi ulandela izimiso zeqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Izinyathelo ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Gxilisa ukunakekela ekudleni ngokudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile okulula ukudayisa. Ungase udinga ukuthatha ama-supplements e-pancreatic enzyme ngokudla ukuze usize ekudayiseni ukudla kahle. Hlala uthola amanzi futhi cabanga ukusebenza nomuntu onolwazi lokudla oqonda ukunakekelwa komgi lamkhulu.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kubalulekile ezingeni lempilo yakho. Thatha imithi ebuhlungwini eyalwe njengoba kuyalwe futhi ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ubuhlungu bukhulu. Imisebenzi ebuthakathaka njengezihambo ezimfushane zingasiza ekuqondeni amandla akho nengqondo uma uzizwa ukhulu.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi evela ekwelapheni. Lolu lwazi lusisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa ukunakekelwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nabo ngemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka phakathi kwamaqembu.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuvakashela Udokotela Wakho?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nama-supplements owaqaphela. Faka imithamo nokuthi uwayithatha kangaki. Buye uqoqe noma yimiphi imibhalo yezokwelapha noma imiphumela yezivivinyo evela kwabanye odokotela.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe. Kuyasiza futhi ukuletha incwadi yokubhala phansi imininingwane ebalulekile.

Cabanga ngembali yakho yezokwelapha yomndeni, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi izihlobo eziye zaba nomgi lamkhulu. Lolu lwazi lungabalulekile ekubhekeni nodokotela wakho nasekuhleleni ukwelapha.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Ngokugula Komgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas?

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas uyisimo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kanye nokunakekelwa okuphelele. Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukuwuthola kusenesikhathi, ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni kunikeza ithemba nezinketho ezintsha kubantu ababhekene naleli gcikwane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa kule nqubo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukuze likukhokhele kuzo zonke izinyathelo, kusukela ekuxilongweni kuze kube ekwelapheni nakweminye imisebenzi. Bangasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu nemiphumela emibi ngenkathi besebenza ekwelapheni umgi lamkhulu.

Hlala uxhumana nabaphathi bakho bezempilo, buza imibuzo uma udinga incazelo, futhi unganqikazi ukufuna ukwesekwa emindenini, abangane, noma amaqembu wokusekela. Ukuthatha indima ephambili ekunakekelweni kwakho kungakusiza uzizwe ulawula kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi esinzima.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokugula Komgi lamkhulu We-Pancreas

Mbuzo 1. Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Umgilamkhulu we-pancreas ngokuvamile ukhula futhi usakazeka ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomgi lamkhulu. Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso singase sihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Ezinye iziphumu zingase zihlale zitholakala izinyanga, kanti ezinye zisakazeka ngokushesha. Ukuthola nokuphatha kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle, kungakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Mbuzo 2. Ingabe umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas uyifa?

Iningi lomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas aliyona ifa, kodwa cishe u-5-10% yezimo ziyaqhubeka emindenini. Ungase ube nengozi enkulu uma unezihlobo eziseduze eziye zaba nomgi lamkhulu we-pancreas noma uma uthwala i-mutations ethile ye-genetic njenge-BRCA2. Uma unembali yomndeni eqinile, cabanga ukukhuluma nomxhumanisi we-genetic mayelana nengozi yakho nezinketho zokuhlola.

Mbuzo 3. Ingabe umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ungavimbeka?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zempilo ezempilo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu akuyona ukubhema noma ukuyeka uma ubhema njengamanje. Ukuhlala unesisindo esifanele, ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, nokudla ukudla okulinganiselayo kungase futhi kusize ekuqedeni ingozi yakho.

Mbuzo 4. Iyini izinga lokuphila komgi lamkhulu we-pancreas?

Amazinga okuphila ahluka kakhulu kuye ngesigaba lapho umgi lamkhulu utholakala khona kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye. Uma utholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka, imiphumela ngokuvamile ilungile. Noma kunjalo, umgi lamkhulu we-pancreas ngokuvamile uxilongwa ezigabeni ezingemuva. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ukuthi izibalo zisho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile futhi akusize uqonde i-prognosis yakho.

Mbuzo 5. Ingabe kukhona ukwelapha okusha komgi lamkhulu we-pancreas?

Yebo, abacwaningi baqhubeka bethuthukisa ukwelapha okusha komgi lamkhulu we-pancreas. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi ye-immunotherapy, i-targeted therapies ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omgi lamkhulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusha kokwelapha okukhona. Izivivinyo zeklinikhi futhi zivivinya izindlela ezintsha ezithembisayo. I-oncologist yakho ingaxoxa ukuthi noma yiluphi lolu lwela okusha lungase lufaneleke isimo sakho.