Izinhlamvu Zesisu? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Izinhlamvu zesisu zingamakhawa agcwele ulwelo olukhula ngaphakathi noma phezu kwesisu sakho, ilungu elisemuva kwesisu sakho elisiza ekweluleni nasekulawuleni ushukela wegazi. Izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi azinamazinga (azingumdlavuza) futhi azibangeli zimpawu, okusho ukuthi abantu abaningi banazo ngaphandle kokwazi.

Lezi zinhlamvu empeleni zivame kakhulu kunalokho obungacabanga, zithinta cishe u-2-3% wabantu abadala. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lazo aliyingozi futhi alidingi ukwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda ukuthi zinjani nokuthi nini kufanele ukhathazeke kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zezinhlamvu zesisu?

Izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi azibangeli zimpawu nhlobo, kungakho zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sezivivinyo zezithombe zezinye izimo. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihambelana nobukhulu noma indawo yinhlamvu.

Nawa ama-symptom ongawavela uma inhlamvu yesisu ikhula ngokwanele ukubangela izinkinga:

• Ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside besisu, ikakhulukazi esiswini sakho esiphezulu noma emuva
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugabha okungabonakali ukuthi kuhambelana nezinye izimbangela
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha uma udle
• Ukukhula kwesisu noma ukuzizwa ugcwele
• Ukushintsha kwezinyo

Ngokungavamile, izinhlamvu ezinkulu zingacindezela ezinye izitho noma ama-bile ducts, zibangele i-jaundice (ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba namehlo) noma izinkinga zokwelula. Uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu besisu obuhlala isikhathi eside noma noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezinhlamvu zesisu?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlamvu zesisu, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulokhu kunceda ekuqondeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokulandelela noma ukwelapha. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukubona uhlobo ngezithombe kanye ngezinye izikhathi ngezinye izivivinyo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Pseudocysts: Lezi zikhula ngemuva kwe-pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu) futhi ziqukethe ama-enzyme okwelula kunokuba yilwelo le-cyst yeqiniso
• Izinhlamvu ze-Serous: Izinhlamvu ezinamazinga, ezigcwele ulwelo ezingavamile ukuba ngumdlavuza
• Izinhlamvu ze-Mucinous: Lezi zikhiqiza ulwelo olukhulu, olufana nejeli futhi zinethuba elincane lokuthi zibe ngumdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ama-Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs): Izinhlamvu ezikhula kuma-pancreatic ducts futhi zidinga ukulandelelwa eduze

Wonke uhlobo lunezimpawu nezinga lobungozi ezahlukene. Izinhlamvu ze-Serous cishe zihlala zingumdlavuza, kuyilapho izinhlamvu ze-mucinous ne-IPMNs zingadinga ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela ngoba zinethuba elincane lokuthi zikhule zibe ngumdlavuza eminyakeni eminingi.

Yini ebangela izinhlamvu zesisu?

Izinhlamvu zesisu zingakhula ngezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imbangela eqondile ayicaci. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezingaba khona kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho unqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokulandelela.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Pancreatitis: Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ngokuvamile okuvela ema-gallstones noma ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kotshwala, kungabangela ukwakheka kwe-pseudocyst
• Izici ze-genetic: Abanye abantu bafa babelethwe ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlamvu zesisu
• Ukushintsha okuhlobene nobudala: Njengoba siqhubeka sikhulile, izinhlamvu ezincane zingakhula ngokwemvelo esiswini
• Ama-pancreatic ducts aviliwe: Uma ukugeleza okuvamile kuvimbelwe, ulwelo lungaqongelelana futhi lukhe izinhlamvu

Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlamvu zesisu zivele ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isithintelo esiqondiwe noma isimo esisekelayo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngempilo yakho yonke. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlamvu zivele nje njengengxenye yokuguga okuvamile noma ukushintsha okuncane kwesisu.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngezinhlamvu zesisu?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu besisu obuhlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nezinye izimpawu. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela:

• Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo obuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha okuvimbela ukudla noma ukuphuza
• Ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba noma amehlo (i-jaundice)
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki
• Ukushintsha kombala noma ukungqengqelekela kwesitulo sakho

Uma usuvele utholakala unezinhlamvu zesisu, landela isimiso sokugcina sokuqapha sodokotela wakho. Izinhlamvu eziningi zidinga izithombe eziphindaphindwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala ziqine futhi azikhulu noma zishintsha ngezindlela ezikhathazayo.

Ziyini izici ezingabangela ingozi zezinhlamvu zesisu?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwezinhlamvu zesisu, yize ukuba nezici ezingabangela ingozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile. Ukuqonda lezi zici kuzokusiza wena nodokotela wakho wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuhlola nokulandelela.

Izici ezingabangela ingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Izinhlamvu ziyaqala zibe khona njengoba ukhula, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlamvu zesisu
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezinezinhlamvu zesisu noma umdlavuza wesisu kungandisa ingozi yakho
• I-Pancreatitis yangaphambili: Umlando wokuvuvukala kwesisu uyandisa ingozi ye-pseudocyst
• Izimo ze-genetic: Izimo ezifuywe ezifana ne-von Hippel-Lindau disease

Ukuba nenye noma ngaphezulu kwezici ezingabangela ingozi akusho ukuthi uqondisiwe ukukhula kwezinhlamvu zesisu. Abantu abaningi abanezici ezingabangela ingozi abakhulumi izinhlamvu, kuyilapho abanye abangenazo izici ezingabonakali benza. Lezi zici zisiza nje ochwepheshe bezempilo ukubona isimo sakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zezinhlamvu zesisu?

Nakuba izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi zihlala zingalutho ekuphileni kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezinkulu azivamile.

Izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka: Izinhlamvu ngezinye izikhathi zingatheleleka, zibangele ukushisa, ubuhlungu obukhulu, nokuzizwa ungaphili kahle
• Ukuqhekeka: Izinhlamvu ezinkulu zingase ziqhekeke, zibangele ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu ngokuzumayo
• Ukuvimbela: Izinhlamvu ezikhula zingase zicindezele ezinye izitho noma ama-bile ducts
• Ukuguqulwa okuyingozi: Izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlamvu zinethuba elincane lokuthi zibe ngumdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Ingozi yezinhlanganisela ihluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nezici zenhlamvu yakho ethile. Udokotela wakho uzohlola lezi zici ukuze anqume izikhathi ezifanele zokulandelela nokuthi ingabe kukhona izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezinikeziwe.

Zingavimbeka kanjani izinhlamvu zesisu?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi njengoba ngokuvamile zikhula ngenxa yezici ze-genetic noma izinqubo zokuguga okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokugcina impilo yonke yesisu.

Ukuze usekele impilo yakho yesisu:

• Khawukhawuleli ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-pancreatitis
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganisekile nokuzivocavoca njalo
• Ungabhemi, njengoba ukubhema kukhuphula ingozi yesifo sesisu
• Lawula isifo sikashukela ngokuphumelelayo uma unaso
• Welapha isifo se-gallstone ngokushesha ukuze uvikele i-pancreatitis

Nakuba lezi zinyathelo zingakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ukhule izinhlamvu zesisu, zisekela impilo yonke yesisu futhi zinganciphisa ingozi yakho yokukhula kwezinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezakha ngemuva kwe-pancreatitis.

Izinhlamvu zesisu zitholakala kanjani?

Izinhlamvu zesisu ngokuvamile zitholakala ngesikhathi sezivivinyo zezithombe ezenziwe ngenxa yezinye izizathu, njengoba eziningi zingabangeli zimpawu. Uma inhlamvu itholakala, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze aqonde izici zayo nokuthi ingabe ukulandelela kudingeka.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• I-CT scan noma i-MRI: Lezi zivivinyo zezithombe eziningiliziwe zibonisa ubukhulu, indawo, kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi senhlamvu
• I-Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Isikhombisi esikhethekile sinikeza izithombe ezisondelene futhi singathatha isampula yolwelo lwenhlamvu uma kudingeka
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Amanye amamaki egazini lakho anganika izinkomba mayelana nohlobo lwenhlamvu
• Ukuhlaziywa kolwelo lwenhlamvu: Uma ulwelo luthathwe, ukuhlaziywa kwelabhori kungasiza ekuqondeni uhlobo lwenhlamvu

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha izivivinyo ezifanele kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho. Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga wonke la ma-test. Umgomo ukuqoqa ulwazi olufanele ukuze ubone ukuthi inhlamvu idinga ukulandelelwa nokuthi kufanele kwenziwe kaningi kangakanani ukulandelela izithombe.

Ukuphathwa kwezinhlamvu zesisu kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwezinhlamvu zesisu kuncike ngokuphelele ohlotsheni, ubukhulu, izimpawu, kanye nezici zengozi zenhlamvu yakho ethile. Iningi lezinhlamvu zesisu lidinga ukulandelelwa kuphela kunokuba ukwelashwa okuqondile.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukulinda nokulinda: Izithombe eziphindaphindwayo zokulandelela izinhlamvu eziqine, ezingabangela ingozi encane
• Izindlela zokukhipha: Ngezinhlamvu ze-pseudocysts ezibangela izimpawu noma ezithintekile
• Ukususa ngokusebenza: Ngezinhlamvu ezinezici ezikhathazayo noma ingozi enkulu yomdlavuza
• Ukukhipha kwe-Endoscopic: Inketho encane yokungena ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlamvu

Abantu abaningi abanezinhlamvu zesisu ngeke badinge ukusebenza noma izinqubo ezithinta. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokwenza uhlelo lokuqapha oluqondene nezici zakho zenhlamvu kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yonke.

Indlela yokuphatha izinhlamvu zesisu ekhaya?

Uma unezinhlamvu zesisu ezingadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yakho yonke futhi uqaphele noma yikuphi ukushintsha. Okubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okuhle neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Amasu okuphatha ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele noma yiluphi ubuhlungu besisu noma ukushintsha kokwelula
• Landela imihlangano yakho yokuhlola izithombe ngokuqhubekayo
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, nama-grains aphelele
• Hlala uthambile futhi khawukhawuleli ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Thatha imithi ebekiwe njengoba uqondiswe

Qaphela umzimba wakho futhi ubhale noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ezibi kakhulu kudoctor wakho ngokushesha. Nakuba izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi zihlala ziqine, ukuhlala uqaphile kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushintsha kutholakala kusenesikhathi.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umhlangano wakho mayelana nezinhlamvu zesisu kungakusiza uthole okuningi emhlanganweni wakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi udokotela wakho unelonke ulwazi olufanele ukukunikeza ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukulungiselela okuhle kuholela ezingxoxweni eziningi ezisebenzayo.

Ngaphambi komhlangano wakho:

• Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi
• Bala yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nama-vitamins owathathayo
• Qoqa noma yimiphi imibiko yezithombe yangaphambili noma imiphumela yezivivinyo
• Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nohlobo lwakho oluthile lwenhlamvu kanye nehlolo lokuqapha
• Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma ufuna ukusekelwa ngesikhathi somhlangano

Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nanoma yini ongayiqondi. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa unolwazi futhi ukhululekile ngehlelo lakho lokuphathwa. Ukuqonda isimo sakho kuzokusiza uhlanganyele ngokusebenzayo ezinqumweni zakho zezempilo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nezinhlamvu zesisu?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana nezinhlamvu zesisu ukuthi iningi lazo aliyingozi futhi ngeke libe nezinkinga. Ukuba nenhlamvu yesisu akusho ukuthi une-cancer noma ukuthi uzokhula i-cancer esikhathini esizayo.

Izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi zitholakala ngengozi futhi zidinga ukulandelelwa okuphindaphindwayo ngezithombe. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizonquma isimiso esifanele sokulandelela esisekelwe ezicini zakho zenhlamvu ethile. Ukulandela imiyalelo yokulandelela ecebiswe kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushintsha kutholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantu abanezinhlamvu zesisu ngokuvamile bahlala impilo evamile, enempilo. Okubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile nochwepheshe bakho bezempilo nokulandela uhlelo lwabo lokuqapha olucebiswe.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nezinhlamvu zesisu

Ingabe izinhlamvu zesisu zingaba ngumdlavuza?

Izinhlamvu zesisu eziningi azikabi umdlavuza. Izinhlamvu ze-Serous cishe azikabi umdlavuza, kuyilapho izinhlamvu ze-mucinous ne-IPMNs zinethuba elincane lokuthi ziguqule zibe yingozi eminyakeni eminingi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola uhlobo lwenhlamvu yakho ethile futhi acebise ukulandelela okufanele ukuze athole noma yikuphi ukushintsha okukhathazayo kusenesikhathi.

Ingabe ngidinga ukusebenza ngenhlamvu yami yesisu?

Iningi labantu abanezinhlamvu zesisu abadingi ukusebenza. Ukusebenza ngokuvamile kunconywa kuphela ngezinhlamvu ezibangela izimpawu ezinkulu, ezibonisa izici ezikhathazayo ezithombeni, noma ezinethuba elikhulu lokuthi zibe ngumdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinketho zokusebenza kuphela uma zidingeka esimweni sakho esithile.

Kufanele ngenze kaningi kangakanani ukulandelela izithombe?

Imihla yokulandelela izithombe ihluka kuye ngohlobo lwenhlamvu yakho, ubukhulu, kanye nezici. Izinhlamvu ezingabangela ingozi encane zingalandelelwa unyaka noma emibili, kuyilapho izinhlamvu ezingabangela ingozi enkulu zingadinga ukulandelelwa izithombe njalo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokuqapha oluqondene nemikhuba yamanje yezokwelapha kanye nezici zakho zengozi.

Ngingavimbela kanjani inhlamvu yami yesisu ekukhuleni?

Ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela izinhlamvu zesisu ekukhuleni, njengoba izindlela zokukhula zincike kakhulu ezicini zenhlamvu. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina impilo yonke yesisu ngokudla okulinganisekile, ukulinganisela utshwala, nokungabemi kusiza ekuphileni kwakho okuvamile futhi kungasiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala okungathinta izenzo zenhlamvu.

Kufanele ngishintshe ukudla kwami uma nginezinhlamvu zesisu?

Abantu abaningi abanezinhlamvu zesisu abadingi ukulinganiselwa kokudla okukhethekile. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina ukudla okunempilo, okulinganisekile kusiza ekuphileni kwesisu. Uma izinhlamvu zakho zihambelana ne-pancreatitis, udokotela wakho angase acebise ukulinganisela utshwala nokulandela ukudla okune-fat encane. Njalo xoxa ngokushintsha kokudla nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza ukuguqulwa okukhulu.