Iyini iziphumu ze-Neuroendocrine e-Pancreas? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Iziphumu ze-neuroendocrine e-pancreas (PNETs) ziyizikhulu ezingavamile ezithuthukela kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone e-pancreas yakho. Ngokungafani nomdlavuza we-pancreas ovamile, lezi ziphumu zivame ukukhula kancane futhi zingaphatheka, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala ekuqaleni.

I-pancreas yakho inomsebenzi oyinhloko emibili: ukwenza ama-enzyme okuhlanza nokukhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne-insulin. I-PNETs ivele emaseleni akhethekile aphatha uhlangothi lokukhiqiza ama-hormone. Nakuba igama elithi "iphumu" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, eziningi zalezi zikhulu ziphatheka ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Iyini iziphumu ze-neuroendocrine e-pancreas?

Iziphumu ze-neuroendocrine e-pancreas ziyizikhulu zamaseli ezingavamile ezakhiwa esicini sokwenza ama-hormone se-pancreas yakho. Lezi ziphumu zingakhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi ngokwazo noma zihlale "zingasebenzi," okusho ukuthi azikhiqizi ama-hormone engeziwe.

Cabanga nge-pancreas yakho njengoba inezindawo ezahlukene. Abantu abaningi bayazi ngengxenye esiza ekuhlanzweni kokudla, kepha kukhona nendawo encane egcwele amaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone abizwa ngamaseli e-islet. I-PNETs ithuthukela ngqo kule ndawo yokukhiqiza ama-hormone.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-PNETs ivame ukukhula kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zeziphumu ze-pancreas. Abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngemuva kokuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Ezinye i-PNETs zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinkinga zezempilo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zeziphumu ze-neuroendocrine e-pancreas?

I-PNETs iwa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko: iziphumu ezisebenza ezikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi, neziphumu ezingasebenzi ezingakhiqizi. Uhlobo olukhona lunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo.

Iziphumu ezisebenza zenze cishe u-30% wazo zonke i-PNETs futhi zibizwa ngegama le-hormone ezikhiqiza ngokweqile. I-PNETs evamile yokusebenza ihlanganisa:

• Ama-insulinomas: Lawo akhiqiza i-insulin eningi kakhulu, okubangela amazinga e-shuga egazini aphansi kakhulu
• Ama-gastrinomas: Lawo akhiqiza i-gastrin eningi kakhulu, okubangela izihlungu zesisu ezinzima kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwa-acid
• Ama-glucagonomas: Lawo akhiqiza i-glucagon eningi kakhulu, okubangela i-shuga egazini ephezulu kanye nezimpaphe zesikhumba eziqondayo
• Ama-VIPomas: Lawo akhiqiza i-hormone ye-VIP eningi kakhulu, okubangela ukweluka okunzima, okumanzi
• Ama-somatostatinomas: Lawo ayiminyene kakhulu futhi angabangela izimpaphe ezifana nezika-diabetes

Izinhlungu ezingasebenzi ziyenza cishe i-70% ye-PNETs futhi azikhiqizi ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu. Zitholakala kaningi lapho zikhula zikhulu ngokwanele ukucindezela izitho eziseduze noma ngesikhathi sezivivinyo ze-imaging ngezizathu ezingezona lezo.

Ziyini izimpaphe zezinhlungu ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreatic?

Izimpaphe zakho zincike kakhulu ekutheni i-tumor yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu noma cha. Izinhlungu ezingasebenzi zingabangela izimpaphe ezingekho nhlobo emazingeni azo okuqala, kuyilapho izinhlungu ezisebenza zenza izinkinga ezithile ngokusekelwe e-hormone abayikhiqizayo ngokweqile.

Uma une-PNET engasebenzi, ungase ungaphawuli lutho kuze kube yilapho i-tumor ikhula. Lapho izimpaphe ziveleka, zivame ukufaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki, ikakhulu esiswini sakho esiphezulu
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki izinyanga eziningi
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugabha okubonakala kungahlobene nezinye izifo
• Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo (jaundice) uma i-tumor ivala ama-bile ducts
• Ukushintsha ekuhambeni kwesisu sakho noma umbala wesitulo

Izinhlungu ezisebenza zenza izimpaphe ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ngokweqile. Uma une-insulinoma, ungase uhlangabezane nezehlakalo zokuthuthumela, ukukhishwa, ukudideka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo lapho i-shuga egazini yakho ihlala phansi kakhulu. Lezi zenzakalo zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwama-meals noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba.

Ama-gastrinoma avame ukubangela izihlungu zesisu eziphindaphindayo ezingaphenduli kahle ekwelapheni okuvamile. Ungaba nobuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ukuhlushwa yisisu, noma ukuphelelwa ukudla. Abanye abantu baphuthuma futhi ukweluka okungapheli.

Ukuhlinzwa okusebenza okungavamile kungabangela izimpawu ezihlukile. Ama-glucagonoma angakha isikhumba esibomvu, esiqinile ezinyaweni, ebusweni, noma esiswini, kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo nesifo sikashukela esilula. Ama-VIPomas abangela ukweluka okuningi, okumanzi okungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi kanye nokungahluzeki kwe-electrolyte.

Yini ebangela iziphuzo ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreatic?

Imbangela eqondile yama-PNET amaningi isalwazi, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningana ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zifo zikhula ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Cishe i-10% yama-PNET axhunyaniswe nezimo ze-genetic eziwusifa. Ezivamile kakhulu zifaka:

• I-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1): Lesi simo sikhuphula ingozi yakho yezifo eziningi ezikhiqiza ama-hormone
• I-Von Hippel-Lindau disease: Lesi simo singabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-pancreas
• I-Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Lesi sifo se-genetic singase sikhulise kancane ingozi ye-PNET
• I-Tuberous sclerosis complex: Lesi simo esingavamile ngezinye izikhathi singabandakanya izifo ze-pancreatic

Ukuba nomlando womndeni walezi zimo ze-genetic akusho ukuthi uzophuthuma i-PNET, kodwa kusho ukuthi ukulandelela njalo kungaba usizo. Abantu abaningi abane-PNET abanalo umlando womndeni walezi zimo.

Abacwaningi basafunda ukuthi izinto zokuphila njengokudla, ukubhema, noma ukukhishwa komkhathi kudlala indima ekukhuleni kwe-PNET. Njengamanje, asikho ubufakazi obuqinile obuxhumanisa lezi zifo nezinqumo ezithile zokuphila.

Kufanele ubona nini udokotela ngezimpawu ze-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubhekene nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingenazo izimbangela ezicacile. Nakuba izimpawu eziningi zingaba nezimbangela ezingalimi, kubalulekile ukuthi ziqalwe, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhubeka amasonto amaningana.

Funani usizo lokwelashwa ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukubuyela kwesikhathi esincane samathumba egazi eliphansi njengokuthuthumela, ukukhishwa isikhuthazi, ukudideka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka phakathi kokudla. Lokhu kungabonisa i-insulinoma, edinga ukuhlolwa okufanele ngokwelapha.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma uthuthukisa ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazwanga, noma izihlaza zesisu eziphindaphindayo ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela eziningi, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngumqeqeshi.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa i-jaundice (ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba noma amehlo), ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, noma ukweluka okukhulu okumanzi okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi i-tumor ithonya izitho eziseduze noma ibangela ukungalingani okukhulu kwamahomoni.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-tumors ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreatic?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-PNET, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzothuthukisa le meko ngokuqinisekile. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokulandelela nokuvimbela.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zengozi okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: I-PNETs iningi liqala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60, nakuba lingakhula kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ubulili: Lezi zifo zithinta amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo, ngezinguquko ezincane kuye ngohlobo oluthile
• Izifo ze-genetic: Ukuba ne-MEN1, isifo se-Von Hippel-Lindau, noma izimo ezihlobene kukwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho
• Umlando womndeni: Umlando womndeni wezifo ze-pancreatic noma izifo ze-genetic ezihlobene ungakwandisa ingozi yakho
• Uhlanga: Amanye amaqembu ezizwe angaba nezingozi ezihlukene kancane, nakuba i-PNETs ingathinta abantu bazo zonke izizinda

Ngokungafani namanye ama-cancer, izinto zokuphila njengokubhema, ukusebenzisa utshwala, noma ukudla kubonakala kungathinti kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PNET. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izinguquko zokuphila ezingavimbela ngokuqinisekile lezi zifo.

Uma unesifo se-genetic esaziwayo esikhuphula ingozi ye-PNET, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ngezivivinyo ze-imaging. Le ndlela yokwenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi ingasiza ekubambeni noma iyiphi imikhuhlane ngokushesha lapho ilokhu iphilisekayo kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yezifo ze-pancreatic neuroendocrine?

I-PNETs ingabangela izinkinga kokubili ezivela embulungeni ngokwayo nange-hormones ezikhulu ezithile ezithile ezikhiqizwa imikhuhlane. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukubona ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokuthi kungani ukwelashwa kubalulekile.

Izinkinga zomzimba ezivela ekukhuleni komkhuhlane zingase zithuthuke njengoba umkhuhlane ukhula. Lezi zingafaka:

• Ukuvimba kwamalungu aseduze, ikakhulukazi i-bile duct noma isisu esincane
• Ukuphuza igazi esiswini uma umkhuhlane uqeda imithambo yegazi
• Ukusabalala kuma-lymph nodes aseduze noma kwamanye amalungu ezimweni eziphambili
• Ukungcindezelwa kwe-pancreatic tissue ezungezile, okungase kuthinte umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-pancreas

Izinkinga ze-hormonal zivelela ngokukhethekile ngezinhlanzi ezisebenza futhi zingaba nzima kakhulu uma zingaphathwa. Ama-Insulinomas angabangela i-hypoglycemia ebuhlungu engase ihole ekubanjweni kwezifo, ukungazinzi, noma ukonakala kobuchopho uma ushukela egazini uya phansi kakhulu.

Ama-Gastrinomas angakha i-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, lapho ama-acid esiswini angaphezulu ebangela izihlamba ezinzima ezingase ziqhekeke noma zikhiphe igazi. Lezi zihlamba zivame ukungaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile kwezihlamba, okwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezinzima ezisebenza zingabangela izinkinga zazo ezikhethekile. Ama-VIPomas angabangela ukushwabana okungozi nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte ngenxa yokweluka okukhulu. Ama-Glucagonomas angabangela isifo sikashukela esibuhlungu nokuntuleka kokudla.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela eziningi zingathintelwa ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okuqondile kungakusiza ukugwema lezi zinkinga ezinzima ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila enhle.

Iziphi izindlela zokuxilongwa kwezinhlanzi ze-pancreatic neuroendocrine?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-PNETs kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana, kuqale ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu, kulandele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ngendlela ehlelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqonda izici ze-tumor.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqala akusize ngezimpawu zakho, umlando womndeni, nanoma yiziphi izimo ze-genetic ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, bahlole izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu esiswini, amalungu amakhulu, noma i-jaundice.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni kwe-PNET. Udokotela wakho angahlola oku:

• Amazinga e-hormone afana ne-insulin, i-gastrin, noma i-glucagon uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-tumor esebenzayo
• I-Chromogranin A, i-protein evame ukuphakama ezinhlanzini ze-neuroendocrine
• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-chemistry yegazi ukuhlola umsebenzi welaphe futhi impilo yonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic uma unemlando womndeni wezimo ezihlobene

Izifundo zokubonisa zisisiza ukuthola nokuchaza isibopho. I-CT scans ene-contrast ingabonisa usayizi nendawo yesibopho, kuyilapho i-MRI inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yamatishu aluhlaza. I-scan ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-octreotide scan ingabonisa ngokucacile izibopho ze-neuroendocrine.

I-Endoscopic ultrasound ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole izithombe ezinemininingwane kakhulu yepancreas yakho futhi ingafaka ukuthatha isampula encane yethishu (i-biopsy) yokuxilongwa okuqinisekile. Le nqubo isebenzisa ithyube elincane, elithambile eline-probe ye-ultrasound elidluliselwa emlonyeni wakho nesisu.

I-biopsy inikeza ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina kokuxilongwa futhi isisiza ukuthola izinga lesibopho, okubonisa ukuthi lisanda ngokushesha kangakanani. Ulwazi lolu lubalulekile ekucenzeni ukwelashwa kwakho.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwezibopho ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreatic?

Ukwelashwa kwe-PNETs kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi usayizi wesibopho, indawo, ukuthi likhiqiza ama-hormone, nokuthi liye lasakazeka. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa ziyatholakala, futhi umbono we-PNETs ngokuvamile uqine kakhulu kunokwezinye izibopho ze-pancreatic.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa kokuqala lapho isibopho sitholakele futhi singasuswa ngokuphepha. Kuye ngendawo yesibopho, udokotela wakho angasuswa isibopho nje, ingxenye yepancreas yakho, noma kwezinye izimo, enze inqubo ebanzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Whipple operation.

Kwizibopho ezisebenza, ukuphatha izimpawu ezihlobene nama-hormone kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwelapha isibopho ngokwalo. Ama-insulinomas angadinga imithi ukuvimbela ukwehla okubi kweswekile, kuyilapho ama-gastrinomas avame ukudinga ama-proton pump inhibitors ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid yesisu.

Lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka noma isibopho siye sasakazeka, ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

• Izinhlobo ze-somatostatin: Imithi efana ne-octreotide engaphansi ukukhula komdlavuza nokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe: Imithi efana ne-everolimus noma i-sunitinib eqondisa ngokuqondile izindlela zokukhula komdlavuza
• I-Chemotherapy: Isetshenziswa emidlavuzweni eqatha kakhulu noma lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Peptide receptor radionuclide (PRRT): Ukwelashwa okukhethekile okuletha ukushisa ngokuqondile kumaseli omdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe e-Liver: Ukwelashwa okukhethekile emidlavuzweni esakazeke e-liver

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha cishe lizoqukatha ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenza ndawonye, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe bezifo zesisu, ochwepheshe be-oncology, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa, nochwepheshe bezifo ze-endocrine. Le ndlela yokubambisana iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele okuhambisana nesimo sakho esithile.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukulawula izimpawu ze-PNET ekhaya kuhilela ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngenkathi uthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokugcina induduzo yakho kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Izidingo zakho zokunakekelwa ekhaya kuzoxhomeka ekutheni umdlavuza wakho ukhulisa amahomoni amaningi nokuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa olukuthola.

Uma une-insulinoma, ukulawula amazinga eshukela egazini kuba yinto ebalulekile yansuku zonke. Gcina ama-carbohydrate asebenza ngokushesha njengezithasiphi ze-glucose, ijusi lezithelo, noma amakhekhe ekhaya ukuze welaphe izigameko zeswekile eliphansi. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile usuku lonke kungasiza ukuvimbela ukwehla okungozi kweswekile egazini.

Ngokuphathelene ne-gastrinomas ebangela ukwanda kwe-acid esiswini, ukuthatha imithi ephansi ye-acid njalo kubalulekile. Gwema ukudla okubangela izimpawu zakho, njengokudla okunoshukela, okunomsoco, noma okune-fatty. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kungasiza futhi ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid nokuthuthukisa induduzo.

Izindlela zokulawula izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezingasiza zihlanganisa:

• Ukugcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze kulandelelwe izindlela kanye nezici eziyibangela.
• Ukuhlala uthola amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi uma uhlushwa ukukopha noma ukugabha.
• Ukuphumula ngokwanele nokulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula.
• Ukulandela uhlelo lwakho oluqokiwe lwemithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Ukugcina uxhumano oluqhubekayo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezinguquko zezimpawu.

Ukulawula ubuhlungu kungase kuhilele kokubili imithi eqokiwe nezindlela zokududuza njengonyango lokushisa noma ukuzivocavoca okuthambile njengoba kuvunywe ngudokotela wakho. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziyanda noma uma uthola ukukhathazeka okusha.

Ukusekelwa kokudla kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma uhlushwa ukulahlekelwa isisindo noma izimpawu zokugaya. Uchwepheshe wokudla obhalisiwe ojwayelene ne-PNET angakusiza ukuba uthuthukise uhlelo lokudla olusekela impilo yakho ngenkathi ulawula noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene nokudla.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kahle i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela kungakusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi unikeze iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ulwazi olulifunayo ukuze likusize. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokulungisa imicabango yakho nemibuzo yakho kusengaphambili kwenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe yiyona ezuzisayo kubo bonke.

Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani kanye nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Yiba ocacile ngesikhathi, njengokuthi izimpawu zenzeka ngaphambi kokudla, ngemuva kokudla, noma ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze ulethe nawe:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathatha.
• Umbhalo womlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukugula komdlavuza noma izimo ze-genetic.
• Imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili, izkena, noma amarekhodi ezempilo ahlobene nezinkinga zakho zamanje.
• Amakhadi yomshuwalense kanye nokuhlonza.
• Umgqugquzeli othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze usekele futhi ukhumbule ulwazi.

Lungiselela uhlu lwezimpikisho ofuna ukuzibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ngemibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, imiphumela emibi engenzeka, nokuthi yini okulindelekile kusukela manje. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu – iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyayiqonda isimo sakho nokwelashwa kwakho.

Cabanga ngezinhloso zakho nezinkathazo mayelana nokwelashwa. Ingabe ukhathazekile kakhulu ngokulawulwa kwezimpawu, isimo esikhathini eside, noma ukuthi ukwelashwa kungathinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke? Ukwabelana ngezinto ozikhathalelayo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba alungiselele izincomo zakhe kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Cabanga ngokuletha incwadi noma ubuze ukuthi ungarekhoda yini izingxenye ezibalulekile zengxoxo (ngemvume). Ulwazi lwezokwelapha lungadida, futhi ukuba nerekhodi kuzokusiza ukuthi ubuyekeze futhi wabelane ngolwazi namalungu omndeni kamuva.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nezinhlungu ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreatic?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde mayelana ne-PNETs ukuthi ngokuvamile zilawuleka futhi zinethuba elihle kunamanye ama-tumors e-pancreatic. Nakuba ukwamukela noma yiluphi uxilongo lwe-tumor kungaba nzima, abantu abaningi abane-PNETs baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa okufanele kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu eziqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nokuhlukahluka kweswekile yegazi noma izinkinga zesisu eziphindaphindayo, ungangabazi ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. I-PNETs eminingi ikhula kancane, ikunika wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo isikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphumelelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-PNET kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ngemithi emisha nezinqubo ezinikeza ithemba ngisho nakumacala athuthukile kakhulu. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlangana nawe ukuthola indlela yokwelashwa efanele isimo sakho nezinhloso zakho ezithile.

Ukuphila ne-PNET kuvame ukusho ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile neqembu lakho lezeMpilo nokufunda ukuphatha isimo sakho njengengxenye yemikhuba yakho yansuku zonke. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ukuphathwa kwezimpawu, kanye nokusekelwa emindenini nasebangani, ungagcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila ngenkathi uphatha isimo sakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngezigxobo ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreas

Ingabe izigxobo ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreas zifana nomdlavuza we-pancreas?

Cha, i-PNETs ihlukile ohlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza we-pancreas oluthiwa yi-adenocarcinoma. Nakuba zombili zikhula e-pancreas, i-PNETs ivame ukukhula kancane futhi ivame ukuba nethemba elihle. I-PNETs ivela ezicini ezikhiqiza ama-hormone, kuyilapho i-adenocarcinoma ye-pancreas ikhula ezicini eziqopha imisele ye-pancreas.

Izindlela zokwelapha kanye nethemba lalezi zimo ezimbili zihlukile kakhulu, kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchaneka. I-PNETs ivame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni okungeke kube nemiphumela emihle ku-adenocarcinoma ye-pancreas.

Ingabe izigxobo ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreas zingaphiliswa?

Yebo, i-PNETs eminingi ingaphiliswa, ikakhulukazi uma itholakala ngokushesha futhi ayisabalalanga ngaphandle kwe-pancreas. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isigxobo ngokuphelele kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphulukisa, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezigxobeni ezincane, ezingazange zisabalale.

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa okuphelele kungekho, i-PNETs ivame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni futhi ingaphathwa njengesimo esingapheli iminyaka eminingi. Ukuthanda ukukhula kancane kwe-PNETs kuningi kusho ukuthi abantu bavame ukuphila impilo evamile ngisho noma besenayo leyo gciwane uma belashwe kahle.

Zikhula kangakanani izigxobo ze-neuroendocrine ze-pancreas?

I-PNETs eningi yizigxobo ezikhula kancane ezingathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ezivame ukukhula nokubhebhetheka ngokushesha.

Izinga lokukhula lingahluka kuye ngokwezinga le-tumor, ezinye zikhula kancane kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi kanti ezinye zingase zibe namandla. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuqonda izinga le-tumor yakho ngemiphumela ye-biopsy, okusiza ekubikezeleni ukuziphatha kwayo nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngishintshe ukudla kwami uma ngina-tumor ye-pancreatic neuroendocrine?

Ukushintsha kokudla kuncike ekutheni i-tumor yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ozibhekana nazo. Uma une-insulinoma, cishe uzodinga ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile futhi ugweme ukudla okubangela ukuguquguquka okusheshayo kweswekile legazi.

Nge-gastrinomas, ukugwema ukudla okunoshukela, okunomsoco, noma okunemafutha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwa-acid yesisu nokuthuthukisa ubuthongo bakho. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, mhlawumbe elihlanganisa umqeqeshi wokudla obhalisiwe, lingakunikeza isiqondiso esithile sokudla ngokuya ngesimo sakho nempawu zakho.

Iyini izinga lokuphila nge-tumors ye-pancreatic neuroendocrine?

Umbono we-PNETs ngokuvamile ukhulu kune-tumors ezinye ze-pancreatic. Izinga lokuphila kweminyaka emihlanu liyahluka kuye ngesigaba sokutholakala, kodwa ngokuvamile liphezulu kakhulu kune-pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Nge-PNETs ezihlala endaweni ethile ezingasabalalanga, amazinga okuphila kweminyaka emihlanu avame ukuba ngaphezu kwe-90%. Ngisho nange-tumors ezisabalale ezindaweni eziseduze noma ezindawo ezikude, abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka ngekhwalithi yokuphila enhle uma bethola ukwelashwa okufanele. Isibikezelo sakho siqu sincike ezintweni eziningi iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo elizoxoxa nawe ngemininingwane.