Ukuthi yini i-Paraneoplastic Syndrome? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes yizimo zezempilo ezivela ngesikhathi somdlavuza kodwa azibangelwa ngokuqondile ukuba khona komdlavuza noma ukusabalala kwawo. Kunalokho, zivela ngenxa yehomoni, amaprotheni, noma izimpendulo zezimboni eziqalwe yimdlavuza.

Cabanga ngayo njengesistimu yokuxwayisa yomzimba wakho esenza okungavamile ngenkathi izama ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuqonda lezi syndromes kungasiza odokotela ukuthi bathole umdlavuza ngokushesha futhi baphathe kokubili izimo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini i-paraneoplastic syndromes?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes yizimo zezempilo ezivela ngesikhathi somdlavuza kodwa azibangelwa ngokuqondile ukuba khona komdlavuza noma ukusabalala kwawo. Kunalokho, zivela ngenxa yehomoni, amaprotheni, noma izimpendulo zezimboni eziqalwe yimdlavuza.

Lezi syndromes zingathinta cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, amahomoni, igazi, isikhumba, noma izinso. Nakuba zingase zizwe zikhathazayo, zivame ukusebenza njengezimpawu zokuqala ezibalulekile ezisiza odokotela ukuthi bathole umdlavuza ngokushesha kunalokho abangase bakwenze.

Igama elithi "paraneoplastic" lisho ngokoqobo ukuthi "ngaphandle komdlavuza," okuchaza kahle ukuthi lezi zimo zikhona kanjani eceleni komdlavuza oyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi zingase zivele ngezinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi umdlavuza uqobo utholakale.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ethintekayo. Njengoba lezi syndromes zingathinta izinhlelo ezahlukene zezinhlangano, izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Nawa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezihlukaniswe ngohlelo lomzimba oluthintekayo:

• Izimpawu zezinzwa: Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuhamba, izinkinga zokukhumbula, ukudideka, ukuhlushwa yizigwegwe, noma ukushintsha kokuxhumanisa.
• Izimpawu zamahomoni: Ukwehla noma ukwanda kobunzima okungachazeki, ukoma okukhulu, ukuya ejambini njalo, noma ukukhathala okungavamile.
• Izimpawu ezihlobene negazi: Ukuphefumula kalula, ukutheleleka njalo, noma ukuphuza igazi okungavamile.
• Izimpawu zesikhumba: Ukuphakama okusha, ukumnyama kwamaphethini esikhumba, noma ukukhula okungavamile.
• Izimpawu zemisipha nezinhlangano: Ubuhlungu bezinhlangano, ubuhlungu bemisipha, noma ukuvuvukala.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase ziphinde zibe yizimbangela zezinye izimo ezivamile. Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-cancer noma i-paraneoplastic syndrome.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lomzimba oluthintekayo. Uhlobo ngalunye luneqoqo lazo izici futhi luhlobene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes: Lezi zithinta ubuchopho bakho, i-spinal cord, noma izinzwa ezingaphandle futhi ngokuvamile ziyizona ezibonakala kakhulu.
• I-Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes: Lezi zihilela ukungalingani kwamahomoni futhi zingathinta ukuguqulwa kwakho, ushukela egazini, noma amazinga e-calcium.
• I-Hematologic syndromes: Lezi zithinta igazi lakho futhi zingabangela i-anemia, izinkinga zokugoba, noma ukushintsha kokubalwa kwamaseli egazi.
• I-Dermatologic syndromes: Lezi zivele esikhuneni sakho futhi zingafaka ukuphakama, ukushintsha kombala, noma ukukhula okungavamile.
• I-Rheumatologic syndromes: Lezi zithinta izinhlangano zakho nemisipha, zibangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa izinkinga zezinso, ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwamehlo, kanye nezindlela zokushisa okungavamile. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo onalo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho ezithile nemiphumela yokuhlola.

Yini ebangela i-paraneoplastic syndromes?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes ivela ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene, konke okuhlobene nempendulo yomzimba wakho kumdlavuza. Imbangela evamile kakhulu yisistimu yakho yokuzikhusela edala ama-antibodies okulwa nomdlavuza ahlukanisa ngokungalindelekile nezinhlangano ezempilo.

Nawa okuvamise ukutholakala emzimbeni wakho:

• Ukudideka kwesistimu yokuzikhusela: Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela yenza ama-antibodies okulwa namaseli omdlavuza, kodwa la ma-antibodies ahlukanisa namaprotheni afanayo ezinhlangano ezempilo.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni okukhulu: Abanye umdlavuza ukhiqiza amahomoni noma izinto ezifana namahomoni ezidideka ukulinganisela komzimba wakho.
• Izimpendulo zokuvuvukala: Umdlavuza uqala ukuvuvukala okubanzi okuthinta izinhlangano ezikude nendawo yomdlavuza.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni: Abanye umdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi benza amaprotheni ahlukanisa nemisebenzi yomzimba evamile.

Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza zivame kakhulu ukubangela lezi syndromes. Umdlavuza wophuphu, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wophuphu olukhulu, unesibopho sezimo eziningi. Umdlavuza webele, ama-ovary, kanye nomdlavuza we-lymphatic nawo ungaqala i-paraneoplastic syndromes.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-syndrome ingase ivele ngaphambi kokuthi umdlavuza ubonakale, okwenza kube yisibonakaliso sokuqala esikhuthaza ukuphenya okwengeziwe.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha, ezingachazeki eziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezimpawu eziningi ezithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Ukuqala ngokushesha kwezimpawu zezinzwa njengobunzima bokuhamba, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Ukwehla kobunzima okusheshayo, okungachazeki okuhlangene nezinye izimpawu.
• Ukushintsha okusha kwesikhumba okuhlangene nezimpawu zangaphakathi.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo ngezimpawu zamahomoni njengokukoma okukhulu noma ukuya ejambini.
• Noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezibonakala zingahlobene kodwa ezivela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Uma unembali yomdlavuza, ngisho noma uqediwe ngempumelelo, qaphela izimpawu ezintsha. Ngezinye izikhathi i-paraneoplastic syndromes ingase ibonise ukubuyela komdlavuza ngaphambi kokuthi ezinye izivivinyo zikuthole.

Khumbula, ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kokubili i-syndrome nanoma yimuphi umdlavuza oyinhloko ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Izici eziningana zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-paraneoplastic syndrome. Imbangela enkulu yengozi ukuba nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivame ukuqalisa izimpendulo zezimboni.

Ubungozi bakho bungase bube phezulu uma une:

• Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza: Umdlavuza wophuphu olukhulu, umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza we-ovary, i-lymphomas, noma i-neuroblastoma.
• Umdlavuza ophambili: Ubuhlungu obubanzi ngezinye izikhathi bukhulisa amathuba alezi syndromes.
• Ukukhethwa kwemfuyo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nomkhuba ngokufanele wokuzikhusela.
• Izici zokuguga: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-syndromes zivame kakhulu emagqabini athile.
• Izimo zangaphambili zokuzikhusela: Imbali yezifo zokuzikhusela ingase ikhulise ubungozi bakho.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-paraneoplastic syndromes ayivamile kakhulu, ithinta kuphela ingxenye encane yabagula umdlavuza. Ukuba nezimbangela zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola lezi syndromes.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, abantu abangenayo i-diagnosis yomdlavuza ezaziwayo bathuthukisa i-paraneoplastic syndromes, bese kuholela ekubeni kutholakale umdlavuza owayengakaqaphelwa.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zivele ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Nakuba i-paraneoplastic syndromes ngokwayo ingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu, izinhlanganisela ziyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zomzimba ezithintekayo nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Ukuqaphela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kungavimbela izinhlanganisela eziningi ezinkulu.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zivele zihlanganisa:

• Ukonakala kwezinzwa: Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukuvuvukala kwezinzwa nobuchopho kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli noma ukushintsha kwengqondo.
• Ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte okukhulu: Ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni kungabangela ukushintsha okungozi amazinga e-sodium, i-calcium, noma i-potassium.
• Izinkinga zokugoba kwegazi: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-syndromes zikhuphula ubungozi be-blood clots ezinobungozi noma ukuphuza igazi okukhulu.
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwezinhlangano: Izimo ezinkulu zingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso, isibindi, noma inhliziyo.
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza: Ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokungahambisani kungathinta kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela eziningi ziyaguquguquka uma umdlavuza oyinhloko uphathwa ngempumelelo. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokuqapha eduze ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu.

Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izimpawu ezinzima ze-psychiatric, izinkinga ze-heart rhythm ezinobungozi, noma ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, kodwa lezi azivamile ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

I-paraneoplastic syndromes ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela ethembekile yokuvimbela i-paraneoplastic syndromes njengoba zivela ngenxa yempendulo yomzimba wakho evamile kumdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi komdlavuza nokuphathwa kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho bokuthuthukisa lezi syndromes.

Okungakwenza ukuze unciphise ubungozi bakho jikelele:

• Landela imiyalelo yokuhlola umdlavuza: Ama-mammograms ajwayelekile, ama-colonoscopies, kanye nezinye izivivinyo ezinconyiwe zingabamba umdlavuza ngokushesha.
• Gcina imikhuba yempilo enempilo: Ukungabhemi, ukulinganisela utshwala, ukudla kahle, nokuzivocavoca njalo kunciphise ubungozi bomdlavuza jikelele.
• Qaphela izimpawu: Ukuqonda umzimba wakho nokubika ukushintsha okungavamile kudoctor wakho kungabangela ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Gcina unakekelwa kwezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kusiza ukuthola izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zinkulu.

Uma unembali yomdlavuza, ukuqapha ngokucophelela ngemihlangano yokulandelela nokubuka izimpawu ezintsha kubaluleke kakhulu. U-oncologist wakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esiyisisekelo esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

I-paraneoplastic syndromes ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-paraneoplastic syndromes kungase kube inselele ngoba izimpawu zivame ukulingisa ezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngombhalo omkhulu wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa komzimba, aqaphele isakhiwo nesikhathi sezimo zakho.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Izivivinyo zegazi: Ukubuka ama-antibodies athile, amazinga ehomoni, kanye nezibonakaliso zokuvuvukala.
• Izifundo zokutholakala: I-CT scans, i-MRIs, noma i-PET scans ukuze ufuna umdlavuza kulo lonke umzimba wakho.
• Izivivinyo ezikhethekile ze-antibody: Izivivinyo ezithile ze-paraneoplastic antibodies ezithinta izinhlangano ezahlukene.
• I-tissue biopsies: Uma umdlavuza utholakala, ukuhlola amasampula e-tissue kungakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
• I-Lumbar puncture: Uma izimpawu zezinzwa zikhona, ukuhlaziywa kwe-spinal fluid kungase kudingeke.

Udokotela wakho angase alayishe nezinye izivivinyo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho ezithile, njengezivivinyo zokuphefumula kwezinzwa ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha noma izivivinyo zokusebenza kwamahomoni ngenxa yezimpawu zamahomoni.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-syndrome ihlonishwa ngaphambi kokuthi umdlavuza utholakale, okuholela ekufuneni okubanzi komdlavuza ofihliwe. Ezimeni ezingavamile, awekho umdlavuza oqaphelwayo, kodwa ukwelashwa kungase kusebenze.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Ukwelashwa kwe-paraneoplastic syndromes kugxile emigomweni emibili ebalulekile: ukwelapha umdlavuza oyinhloko nokuphatha izimpawu ze-syndrome. Ngokuvamile, ukwelapha umdlavuza ngempumelelo kuholela ekulungiseni i-paraneoplastic syndrome.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, noma i-immunotherapy ukwelapha umdlavuza oyinhloko.
• Imithi yokucindezela i-immune system: I-Corticosteroids, i-rituximab, noma eminye imithi ukuthula isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela.
• I-Plasma exchange: Inqubo yokususa ama-antibodies anobungozi egazini lakho.
• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin: Ukufakwa kwama-antibodies anempilo ukuze kusizakale ukulinganisela isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondene nezimpawu: Imithi yokulawula izigwegwe, ubuhlungu, noma ezinye izimpawu ezithile.

Impendulo ekwelapheni iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu babona ukulungiswa okusheshayo uma ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuqala, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezisele ezidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho kungekho mdlavuza otholwayo, ukwelashwa kugxile ngokuphelele ekuphatheni impendulo ye-autoimmune kanye nezimpawu. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqonda nawe ukuthola inhlanganisela efanele kakhulu yokwelashwa.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi se-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usize ukuphatha izimpawu nokusekela impilo yakho jikelele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Njalo qondanisa le miqondo neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Amasu okulawula ekhaya awusizo ahlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula nokugcina amandla: Hlela imisebenzi lapho unemandla amaningi futhi ungangabazi ukucela usizo.
• Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile: Njengoba kuvunyelwe, ukuhamba okukhanyayo noma ukwelula kungasiza ukugcina amandla nokukhula.
• Ukudla okulinganiselayo: Ukudla ukudla okujwayelekile, okunomsoco kusekela inqubo yokwelapha yomzimba wakho.
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Amathuba okuphumula, ukucamngca, noma ukwelulekwa kungasiza ukubhekana nezici zomzwelo.
• Ukushintsha kokuphepha: Uma unezinkinga zokulinganisela noma ukuxhumanisa, susa izingozi zokuwa futhi sebenzisa amadivayisi okusiza uma kudingeka.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele ukushintsha futhi wabelane neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa uma kudingeka.

Ungaziphikisi izimpawu ezintsha noma ezimbi, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile kuvimbela izinhlanganisela futhi kuthuthukisa imiphumela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umhlangano wakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuqoqa ulwazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenza inqubo yokuxilongwa ibe yiphumelelayo futhi ibe nembala.

Ngaphambi komhlangano wakho:

• Bhala izimpawu zakho: Bhala phansi ukuthi zaqala nini, zishintshe kanjani, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.
• Bala yonke imithi: Faka imithi ye-prescription, imithi ye-over-the-counter, kanye ne-supplements.
• Qoqa amarekhodi ezempilo: Letha imiphumela yezivivinyo zakamuva, izifundo zokutholakala, noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambili.
• Lungisa imibuzo: Bhala phansi ukukhathazeka kwakho nemibuzo yakho ukuze ungakhohlwa ngesikhathi somhlangano.
• Cabanga ukuletha ukwesekwa: Ilungu lomndeni noma umngani angakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokusekela ngokomzwelo.

Yiba eqotho mayelana nazo zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene. Isakhiwo sezimo ngokuvamile kubalulekile ekuxilongweni kwe-paraneoplastic syndromes.

Uma uke waba nomdlavuza ngaphambili, lungela ukuxoxa ngombhalo wakho wokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukuthi waphathwa nini nokuthi wathola yikuphi ukwelashwa.

Yini i-key takeaway mayelana ne-paraneoplastic syndromes?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes iyindlela yomzimba wakho yokusabela kumdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi umdlavuza uqobo ubonakale. Nakuba zingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu, zivame ukusebenza njengezimpawu zokuqala ezibalulekile eziholela ekubeni kutholakale umdlavuza nokuphathwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi lezi syndromes zingaphathwa, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi babona ukulungiswa okukhulu ezimpawu zabo uma ukwelashwa okufanele kuqala, kungaba ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukuphathwa kwesistimu yokuzikhusela, noma kokubili.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingachazeki ezithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kokubili i-syndrome nanoma yimuphi umdlavuza oyinhloko ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-paraneoplastic syndrome akusho ukuthi i-prognosis yakho iyini. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-paraneoplastic syndromes

Q1. Ingabe i-paraneoplastic syndromes ingase ibe khona ngaphandle komdlavuza?

Nakuba i-paraneoplastic syndromes ngokuyinhloko ihlobene nomdlavuza, ngezinye izikhathi ivele ngaphambi kokuthi noma yimuphi umdlavuza utholakale ngetheknoloji yamanje. Ezimeni ezingavamile, awekho umdlavuza oqaphelwayo, kodwa i-syndrome ingase iphendule ekwelapheni kwesistimu yokuzikhusela. Noma kunjalo, iningi le-paraneoplastic syndromes eqinisekisiwe lihlobene nomdlavuza oqaphelekayo.

Q2. Ingabe i-paraneoplastic syndromes iyakwazi ukulungiswa?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes eminingi ilungisa kakhulu uma umdlavuza oyinhloko uphathwa ngempumelelo. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokuphulukiswa liyahluka kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlangano ezithintekayo nokuthi izimpawu zivele isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Izimpawu zezinzwa zingase zithathe isikhathi eside ukulungisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi zisale nemiphumela ehlala njalo, kanti izimpawu zamahomoni nezihlobene negazi ngokuvamile ziyaphela ngokuphelele.

Q3. I-paraneoplastic syndromes ivame kangakanani?

I-Paraneoplastic syndromes ayivamile kakhulu, ithinta ngaphansi kuka-1% yabo bonke abagula umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ivame kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wophuphu olukhulu, lapho ingase ibe khona kuze kube yi-10-15% yezimo. Ukungavamile kwalezi syndromes yikho okwenza ukuxilongwa ngezinye izikhathi kube inselele.

Q4. Ingabe abantwana bangathuthukisa i-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Yebo, abantwana bangathuthukisa i-paraneoplastic syndromes, nakuba bengavamile kubantwana kunabantu abadala. Uma zivele kubantwana, ngokuvamile zihlangene ne-neuroblastoma noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zabantwana. Izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha zifana nalezo zabantu abadala, kodwa ochwepheshe babantwana ngokuvamile baphatha lezi zimo.

Q5. Ingabe i-paraneoplastic syndromes ihlale isho ukuthi umdlavuza uphambili?

Akunjalo neze. I-Paraneoplastic syndromes ingase ibe khona ngomdlavuza kunoma yiliphi isigaba, kufaka phakathi isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza. Eqinisweni, lezi syndromes ngezinye izikhathi zivele ngaphambi kokuthi umdlavuza ukhulu ngokwanele ukutholakala ngezindlela zokuhlola ezivamile. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni kutholakale umdlavuza nokuphathwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kunalokho okungase kwenzeke.