Papvr

Ukubuyela okungaphelele kwezinsimbi ze-pulmonary ezingavamile

Ekubuyeleni okungaphelele kwezinsimbi ze-pulmonary ezingavamile, ezinye zezinsimbi ze-pulmonary ziyithumela ngokungalungile igazi egumbini eliphezulu lasekunene lenhliziyo. Leli gumbi libizwa ngokuthi i-atrium yasekunene. Ngokuvamile, igazi elicebile nge-oksijini ligeleza kusuka ezinsimbini ze-pulmonary kuya egumbini eliphezulu lasekunxele lenhliziyo, njengoba kuboniswe ngakwesobunxele.

Ukubuyela okungaphelele kwezinsimbi ze-pulmonary ezingavamile kuyinkinga yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo engavamile evela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi yisici senhliziyo esizalwa naso.

Amanye amagama alolu phawu yi:

• PAPVR.
• Ukuhlangana okungaphelele kwezinsimbi ze-pulmonary ezingavamile.
• PAPVC.

Kulolu phawu, ezinye zezinsimbi zegazi zamalunga zihlangana endaweni engafanele enhliziyweni. Lezi zinsimbi zegazi zibizwa ngokuthi izimbi ze-pulmonary.

Enhliziyweni evamile, igazi elicebile nge-oksijini liya emaphaphweni kuya egumbini eliphezulu lasekunxele lenhliziyo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-atrium yasekunxele. Khona-ke igazi ligeleza emzimbeni.

Ku-PAPVR, igazi ligeleza emaphaphweni liye egumbini eliphezulu lasekunene lenhliziyo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-atrium yasekunene. Igazi elengeziwe ligeleza ngakwesokunene senhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhula kwamagumbi enhliziyo akwesokunene.

Abanye abantu abane-PAPVR bane-hole phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu enhliziyo ebizwa ngokuthi i-atrial septal defect. I-hole ivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu enhliziyo. Ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo zingase zenzeke. Ingane ezalwa ne-Turner syndrome inesikhathi esiningi sokuthola i-PAPVR.

Izimpawu ziyahluka kuye kokuthi kukhona yini ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Isimpawu esivamile se-PAPVR yinkinga yokuphefumula.

Uma i-PAPVR ivela nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo, ingase ibonwe maduze nje ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma isimo silithambile, kungenzeka lingabonwa kuze kube yilapho umuntu sekukhulu.

Uhlinzeki wezempilo uqhuba ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi ulalele inhliziyo nge-stethoscope. Kungase kuzwakale umsindo wokugqugquzela, obizwa ngokuthi yi-heart murmur.

Kwenziwa i-echocardiogram ukuze kuqondwe ukubuyela emuva kwe-pulmonary venous eyingxenye. Lovivinyo lusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo ebethayo. I-echocardiogram ibonisa imithambo ye-pulmonary kanye nobukhulu bezingxenye zenhliziyo. Ilinganisa futhi isivinini sokugeleza kwegazi. I-echocardiogram ingasiza ekuqondeni i-hole enhliziyweni.

Kungenzeka kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG), i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan uma kudingeka olunye ulwazi.

Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa inhliziyo kungase kudingeke uma:

• Kukhona igazi eliningi eliphezulu loketshezi nogazi oluphansi loketshezi elihlanganiswe enhliziyweni.
• Isimo sibangela ukutheleleka okuningi kwemiphunga.

Uma ungenawo izimpawu, ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka kungadingeki. Uma ukuhlinzwa kwesinye isimo senhliziyo kudingeka, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa bangalungisa i-PAPVR ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Phakathi nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa i-PAPVR, udokotela wezokuhlela inhliziyo:

• Uxhumela kabusha imithambo ye-pulmonary egumbini eliphezulu lenhliziyo elingakwesobunxele.
• Uvala noma yimaphi ama-hole enhliziyweni.

Umuntu onokubuyela emuva kwe-pulmonary venous eyingxenye udinga ukuhlolwa kwempilo njalo ngokuphila ukuze ahlolwe izinkinga. Kungcono ukubona uhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshwe ezifweni zenhliziyo ezelwe nazo. Lolu hlobo lohlinzeki lubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital cardiologist.

Ukuthola isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bayakuhlola futhi balalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Ngokuvamile ubuzwa imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, nomlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomndeni.

Kwenziwa izivivinyo zokuhlola impilo yenhliziyo nokubheka ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga noma ukuqinisekisa isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala zihlanganisa:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG). Lo mvivinyo osheshayo uqopha umsebenzi wamagetsi wenhliziyo. Ubonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kanjani. Ama-patches amanamathelayo ane-sensors ebizwa ngama-electrodes anqunywe esifubeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezandleni noma emilenzeni. Izingcingo zixhuma ama-patches kukhompyutha, ephrinta noma ebonisa imiphumela. I-ECG ingasiza ekuxilongeni izindlela ezingavamile zokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• X-ray yesifuba. I-X-ray yesifuba ibonisa isimo senhliziyo nemiphunga. Ingatshela uma inhliziyo ikhulu noma uma imiphunga inenhliziyo eyengeziwe noma ezinye izinto ezinamandla. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Pulse oximetry. I-sensor ebekwe esithombini sokuqala iqopha ukuthi kukhona kangakanani i-oksijini egazini. I-oksijini encane kakhulu ingaba uphawu lwesimo senhliziyo noma lwemiphunga.
• Echocardiogram. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo eshaya. Ibonisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngenhliziyo nangama-valve enhliziyo. I-echocardiogram ejwayelekile ithatha izithombe zenhliziyo ngaphandle komzimba.

Uma i-echocardiogram ejwayelekile inganiki imininingwane eminingi njengoba kudingeka, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangenza i-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Lo mvivinyo unikeza ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwenhliziyo kanye ne-artery enkulu yomzimba, ebizwa nge-aorta. I-TEE idala izithombe zenhliziyo ngaphakathi komzimba. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlola i-aortic valve.

• Izivivinyo zokucindezela komzimba. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukubandakanya ukuhamba kwesitebhisi noma ukuqhubela ibhayisikili elimi njengoba umsebenzi wenhliziyo uhlolwa. Izivivinyo zokuzivocavoca zingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo iphendula kanjani emisebenzini yomzimba. Uma ungakwazi ukuzivocavoca, ungase unikezwe imithi ethonya inhliziyo njengoba kwenza ukuzivocavoca. I-echocardiogram ingase yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuvivinya ukucindezela komzimba.
• I-Heart MRI. I-Heart MRI, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cardiac MRI, ingase yenziwe ukuxilonga nokubuka isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Uvivinyo udala izithombe ze-3D zenhliziyo, okuvumela ukulinganisa okuchane kwegumbi lenhliziyo.
• Cardiac catheterization. Kulo mvivinyo, ithubi elincane, elithambile elibizwa nge-catheter lifakwe esithombeni legazi, ngokuvamile endaweni yesisu, futhi liqondiswe enhliziyweni. Lo mvivinyo unganikeza ulwazi oluqondile ngokugeleza kwegazi nokuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani. Izindlela zokwelapha inhliziyo ezithile zingase zenziwe ngesikhathi se-cardiac catheterization.

Echocardiogram. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo eshaya. Ibonisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngenhliziyo nangama-valve enhliziyo. I-echocardiogram ejwayelekile ithatha izithombe zenhliziyo ngaphandle komzimba.

Uma i-echocardiogram ejwayelekile inganiki imininingwane eminingi njengoba kudingeka, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangenza i-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Lo mvivinyo unikeza ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwenhliziyo kanye ne-artery enkulu yomzimba, ebizwa nge-aorta. I-TEE idala izithombe zenhliziyo ngaphakathi komzimba. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlola i-aortic valve.

Ezinye noma zonke lezi zivivinyo zingase zenziwe ukuxilonga izifo zenhliziyo ezingazalwa nezingane.

Umuntu ozalwa enenkinga yempilo yentliziyo angaphiliswa ngempumelelo ebuntwaneni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, isimo sentliziyo singadingi ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma izimpawu azibonakali kuze kube ububudala. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lesimo sentliziyo nokuthi lubi kangakanani. Uma isimo sentliziyo silithambile, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwempilo kungaba ukwelashwa kuphela okudingekayo. Amanye ukwelashwa kwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala kungafaka imithi nokuhlinzwa. Amanye uhlobo oluthambile lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala angaphiliswa ngemithi esiza intliziyo ukuba isebenze kangcono. Imithi inganikezwa futhi ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwegazi noma ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Abanye abantu abadala abanesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso bangadinga idivayisi yezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo. - Amadivayisi entliziyo afakwa. I-pacemaker noma i-implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) ingadingeka. Lezi zinto zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala. - Ukwelashwa okuqhutshwa yi-catheter. Amanye uhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala angalungiswa ngezikhwephu ezincinyane, ezithambile ebizwa ngokuthi ama-catheter. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuvumela odokotela ukuba balungise intliziyo ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo evulekile. Udokotela ufake i-catheter ngomthambo wegazi, ngokuvamile emadolweni, bese uyikhomba entliziyweni. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-catheter angaphezu kwesinye. Uma sekufakwe, udokotela uqondisa amathuluzi amancane nge-catheter ukulungisa isimo sentliziyo. - Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo evulekile. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-catheter kungenakulungisa isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo evulekile kungadingeka. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo kuncike esimweni esithile sentliziyo. - Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo. Uma isimo esibuhlungu sentliziyo singenakwelashwa, ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo kungadingeka. Abantu abadala abanesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso baphazanyiswa yingozi yokuthuthukisa izinkinga - ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe ukulungisa iphutha ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ukulandelela ukunakekelwa impilo yonke kubalulekile. Ngokuhle, udokotela oqeqeshwe ekwelapheni abantu abadala abanesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kufanele aphathe ukunakekelwa kwakho. Lo mnyango wamadokotela ubizwa ngokuthi i-congenital cardiologist. Ukulandelela ukunakekelwa kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokwenza izithombe ukuhlola izinkinga. Ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kwempilo kangakanani kuncike ekutheni isifo sakho sentliziyo esizalwa naso silithambile noma siliyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma une-congenital heart disease, ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila kungase kunconywe ukuze isibili sakho sihlale siphilile futhi uvikele ukuphazamiseka.

Ungase uthole ukuthi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abane-congenital heart disease kukududuza futhi kukukhuthaze. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma kukhona amaqembu wokusekela endaweni yakini.

Kungase futhi kusize ukujwayela isimo sakho. Ufuna ukufunda:

• Igama nemininingwane yesimo senhliziyo yakho nokuthi siphathwe kanjani.
• Izimpawu zohlobo lwakho oluthile lwe-congenital heart disease nokuthi nini kufanele uxhumane neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Ukuthi mangaki kufanele ube nokuhlolwa kwezempilo.
• Ulwazi mayelana nezinambuzane zakho nemiphumela yazo emibi.
• Indlela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo nokuthi ingabe udinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotics ngaphambi komsebenzi wamazinyo.
• Imihlahlandlela yokuzivocavoca nokunciphisa umsebenzi.
• Ulwazi mayelana nokulawula ukubeletha nokucwaninga komndeni.
• Ulwazi lokuqinisekiswa kwezempilo nezinketho zokumbozwa.