Uyini i-Patent Foramen Ovale? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Patent foramen ovale (PFO) iyithuba elincane eliphakathi kwamagumbi amabili aphezulu ehlatini lakho elingavalwanga kahle ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuvulwa kukhona kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kodwa ngokuvamile kuzivala ngokwalo phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Uma kuhlala kuvulekile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-patent foramen ovale, futhi kuthinta cishe umuntu omunye kwaba-4 emhlabeni jikelele.

Abantu abaningi abane-PFO baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi bayina. Isimo ngokuvamile asiqaphelwa ngoba kancane kakhulu sibangela izimpawu noma izinkinga zempilo. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda ukuthi i-PFO isho ukuthini empilweni yakho kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho.

Uyini i-Patent Foramen Ovale?

I-Patent foramen ovale ngokuyisisekelo iyithuba elincane elifana ne-flap phakathi kwe-atria yakho yekhanda (amagumbi aphezulu). Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwesisu, lokuvulwa kuvumela igazi ukuba lidlule emaphaphweni ngoba izingane zithola i-oksijini kusuka eplacenta yomzali wazo kunokuphefumula umoya.

Ngemva kokuzalwa, ukucindezela okwandayo e-atrium yangakwesobunxele ngokuvamile kucindezela le flap ivaliwe, ivala ukuvulwa unomphela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ngokuphelele, ushiyeke nethoni elincane phakathi kwamagumbi ehlatini. Cabanga ngakho njengomnyango okufanele ube uvaliwe kodwa uhlala uvulekile kancane.

Ukuvulwa ngokuvamile kuncane, ngokuvamile kungamamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, kusebenza njengesivali esiyisikhathi esisodwa, sivumela igazi ukuba ligeleze kusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengoba ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ucindezela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Abantu abaningi abane-PFO abanawo nhlobo izimpawu ekuphileni kwabo konke. Isimo ngokuvamile sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwehlatini okwenziwa ngezizathu ezingezona.

Nawa izimpawu ezingase zikhombe i-PFO, nakuba zingaba nezizathu eziningi:

• Ukuphefumula okufushane okungachazeki, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukukhathala okubonakala kungaphezu kwaleveli yakho yomsebenzi
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ze-Migraine, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezinhlungu zamehlo (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-migraine ene-aura)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukuzizwa ukhuluphala noma ukhanya, ikakhulukazi uma ukuma ngokushesha

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivamile futhi ngokuvamile zinazinye izichazamazwi. Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-PFO, futhi ukuba ne-PFO akusho ukuthi uzobhekana nazo zonke izimpawu.

Yini ebangela i-Patent Foramen Ovale?

I-PFO ayibangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma olungakwenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ubuntwana. Kuyisigaba esivamile sokuthuthukiswa kwesisu esingagcwalisanga inqubo yaso evamile yokuvāla ngemva kokuzalwa.

Phakathi kokukhulelwa, i-foramen ovale isebenza injongo ebalulekile ngokuvumela igazi ukuba ligeleze ngokuqondile kusuka e-atrium yangakwesokudla ukuya e-atrium yangakwesobunxele, lidlule emaphaphweni athuthukayo. Ngemva kokuzalwa, kwenzeka izinguquko eziningi ezivala ngokuvamile lokuvulwa. Ukucindezela e-atrium yangakwesobunxele kuya kwenyuka njengoba amaphaphu eqala ukusebenza, kuyilapho ukucindezela e-atrium yangakwesokudla kunciphisa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-tissue flap ehlanganisa ukuvulwa ayihlangani ngokuphelele nodonga lwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izici ze-genetic eziqondisa indlela ithishu yenhliziyo ethuthukiswa ngayo. Ayikho into ethile ebangela noma engavikelekayo - kuyinto nje ehlukile ekuthuthukiseni kwenhliziyo evamile.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma ubhekana nokushaya kwengqondo okungachazeki, ikakhulukazi uma usencane futhi awunazo izici eziyisongo zokushaya kwengqondo.

Cabanga ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma une-migraine ebuhlungu kakhulu ene-aura ekuthinta kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Amanye ama-study abonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-PFO nezinye izinhlobo ze-migraine, nakuba lobu budlelwano abuluqondwa ngokuphelele.

Kufanele futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma ubhekana nokuphefumula okufushane okungachazeki, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukukhahlela. Nakuba i-PFO ingavamile ukubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula ngokwayo, kufanele kuhlolwe uma izimpawu zithinta ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila.

Uma uhlela ukuba umgibeli wezohwebo noma uhlanganyela emisebenzini ehilela ukuguquka okukhulu kokucindezela, xoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-PFO nodokotela wakho. Isimo singandisa ingozi yesifo se-decompression kulezi zimo.

Ziyini izici eziyisongo ze-Patent Foramen Ovale?

I-PFO ayinazo izici eziyisongo ezivamile ngoba iyinto ethuthukayo eyenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Noma kunjalo, izici ezithile zingathinta ukuthi ukuvulwa kuvala kahle ngemva kokuzalwa noma zikhulise amathuba akho okuba nezimpawu.

Umlando womndeni ungase ube nomthelela, njengoba imindeni eminye ibonakala inezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-PFO. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izici ze-genetic zingase zithinte indlela inhliziyo ethuthukiswa ngayo nokuthi i-foramen ovale ivala ngokuphelele yini.

Ubukhulu bokuvulwa bungase buhluke kumuntu nomuntu. Ukuvulwa okukhulu kungase kube nokwenzeka kakhulu ukubangela izimpawu noma izinkinga, nakuba ngisho ne-PFO enkulu ngokuvamile ihlala ingenazo izimpawu ekuphileni konke.

Ukuba nezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezikhona ekuzalweni kungase kukhulise amathuba e-PFO, njengoba lezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ndawonye. Noma kunjalo, i-PFO ingaba futhi ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abanezinhliziyo ezivamile ngokuphelele.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Inkinga eyingozi kakhulu ye-PFO ukushaya kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abancane abangenazo ezinye izici eziyisongo zokushaya kwengqondo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-blood clot yakhiwa ezinhlungwini (ngokuvamile ezinyaweni) bese ihamba ngakwesokudla senhliziyo, bese idlula nge-PFO ngakwesobunxele bese iya ebuchosheni.

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le nkinga iyincani kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abane-PFO abazange babe nokushaya kwengqondo, futhi ukushaya kwengqondo okuningi kunesinye isizathu ngisho nakubantu abane-PFO.

Abanye abantu abane-PFO bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi ekhuphula ukucindezela esifubeni, njengokuphakamisa isisindo noma ezinye imisebenzi yokuphefumula. Ukucindezela okwandayo kungase kukhulise ukugcwala kwegazi ngokwesikhashana ngokuvula, okungenzeka kubangele ukuphefumula okufushane noma ezinye izimpawu.

Kubantu abahlanganyela emisebenzini ehilela ukuguquka kokucindezela, njengokugibela i-scuba noma ukuhamba emazingeni aphezulu, i-PFO ingase ikhulise ingozi yesifo se-decompression. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-nitrogen bubbles avamile ukucwecwa amaphaphu esikhundleni sokuhamba ngokuqondile ekugelezeni kwe-arterial.

Ngokungavamile, i-PFO ingase ihlanganyele emazingeni aphansi e-oksijini egazini, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo noma amaphaphu. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abaneziqubu ezinkulu noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo.

I-Patent Foramen Ovale ihlonishwa kanjani?

I-PFO ngokuvamile ihlonishwa ngokusebenzisa i-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo yakho. Indlela evamile kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi “i-bubble study” noma i-contrast echocardiogram, lapho udokotela wakho egeza ama-saline bubbles angenangozi egazini lakho ngenkathi uthatha izithombe ze-ultrasound zenhliziyo yakho.

Phakathi nalesi sivivinyo, uzolala ngakwesokunxele ngenkathi umsebenzi ubeka i-ultrasound probe esifubeni sakho. Uma une-PFO, ama-bubbles azobonakala ewele kusuka ngakwesokudla senhliziyo yakho ukuya kwesobunxele, okuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) idingeka ukuze ubone ngokucacile. Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithubi elincane, eliguquguqukayo eline-ultrasound probe phansi komlomo wakho ukuze uthole izithombe ezivela ngaphakathi kwe-esophagus yakho. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kungavamile, uzothola ukulala ukuze wenze inqubo ibe lula.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ezinye izivivinyo ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo noma ahlole impilo yakho yonke yenhliziyo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuhlola i-rhythm yakho yenhliziyo noma ezinye izifundo zokuthola izithombe kuye ngezimpawu zakho.

Yiluphi ukwelapha lwe-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Abantu abaningi abane-PFO abadingi nhlobo ukwelashwa. Uma ungenawo izimpawu futhi awukaze ubhekane nezinhlungu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma ukulandelela njalo kunokungenelela.

Kubantu abake baba nokushaya kwengqondo okungase kuhlangene ne-PFO, izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa imithi noma inqubo yokuvāla ukuvulwa. Imithi yokunciphisa igazi njenge-aspirin noma i-anticoagulants yesikripthi ingasiza ukuvimbela ama-blood clots ukuba akhiwe noma inciphisa ingozi yabo yokubangela izinkinga.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-PFO closure. Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa idivayisi encane ngezithombo zegazi ehlatini lakho bese uyifaka phezu kokuvulwa ukuze uyivale. Inqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngokusika okuncane e-groin yakho kunokuthi kube yiyona ophethwe yinhliziyo.

Isinqumo sokuthi ngabe kufanele welashwe i-PFO yini nixhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi iminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, ingozi yokushaya kwengqondo, nobukhulu bokuvulwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukuze anqume indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Kubantu abanezinhlungu zikhanda ze-migraine ezingase zihlangene ne-PFO, ubufakazi bokwelapha abucacile. Amanye ama-study abonisa ukuthi ukuvala i-PFO kungasiza ekuqedeni i-migraine, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekiswanga kuwo wonke umuntu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-Patent Foramen Ovale ekhaya?

Uma une-PFO kodwa ungenawo izimpawu, ungaphila impilo yakho ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezikhethekile. Imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke, ukuzivocavoca, ngisho nemidlalo ebukhali iphephile ngokuphelele kubantu abane-PFO.

Noma kunjalo, kunezimo ezimbalwa lapho ungase ufune ukuthatha ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Uma uhlela ukugibela i-scuba, xoxa nodokotela wakho kuqala, njengoba i-PFO ingase ikhulise ingozi yesifo se-decompression. Ungase udinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile noma ukulungiswa kwemishini.

Qaphela umzimba wakho ngesikhathi semisebenzi ehilela ukubamba umoya wakho noma ukucindezela, njengokuphakamisa isisindo noma ezinye izikhundla ze-yoga. Uma ubhekana nokuphefumula okufushane okungavamile noma ukukhahlela, thatha ikhefu futhi ugcine ukucindezela kulezi zimpawu.

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, landela imiyalo yodokotela wakho ngokucophelela mayelana nokulinganisa nokulandelela. Qaphela izimpawu zokopha, njengokupheka okungavamile, ukopha okuqhubekayo okuvela eziqashini, noma igazi emathisini akho noma ematshe.

Gcina impilo enhle yenhliziyo ngokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okulinganisekile, nokungaqhubi. Nakuba lezi zinyathelo ngeke zivale i-PFO yakho, zizokusiza ugcine uhlelo lwakho lokugaya igazi luphile kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi izimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene nenhliziyo yakho. Faka lapho zenzeka khona, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi yini ebonakala iyabangela.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwelayisensi kanye nezinye izithasiselo. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nomlando wempilo yomndeni wakho, njengoba lokhu kungase kube yingxenye yokunakekelwa kwakho.

Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho esithile. Ungase ufune ukubuza ngezikhawu zomsebenzi, lapho i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela idingeka khona, noma yiziphi izimpawu okufanele zikukhuthaze ukuba ufune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Uma ubona ochwepheshe, letha amakhophi ezilingo zenhliziyo ezidlule noma izifundo zokuthola izithombe. Lokhu kuzosisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde isithombe sakho esiphelele ngaphandle kokupinda izivivinyo ezingadingekile.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho, ikakhulukazi uma uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sokwenza izinqumo.

Yini eyisifinyezo esiyinhloko mayelana ne-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-PFO ukuthi ivamile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ayinangozi. Cishe u-25% wabantu bane-simo, futhi iningi liphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi bayina.

Uma uthole ukuxilongwa kwe-PFO, zama ukungakhathazeki. Ukuba naleli simo akusho ukuthi usesengozini enkulu yezinkinga zempilo ezinkulu. Abantu abaningi abane-PFO abazange babe nezinye izinkinga, futhi lapho izinkinga zenzeka, kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okutholakala.

Sebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze unqume indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kusho ukulandelela okulula, imithi, noma inqubo yokuvāla ukuvulwa, udokotela wakho uzokusiza wenze isinqumo esikufanele.

Khumbula ukuthi i-PFO ingxenye encane kuphela yesithombe sakho sonke sempilo. Gxila ekuqondeni impilo enhle yenhliziyo ngokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunempilo, nokulandela izikhuthazo zedokotela wakho zesimo sakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Patent Foramen Ovale

Ingabe i-Patent Foramen Ovale iyingozi?

Kubantu abaningi, i-PFO ayinangozi nhlobo. Iningi labantu abane-PFO liphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nesimo. Nakuba izinkinga ezingavamile njengokushaya kwengqondo kungenzeka, azivamile, futhi abantu abaningi abane-PFO abazange babe nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ingabe i-Patent Foramen Ovale ingazivala yodwa kubantu abadala?

Uma usufinyelele ebuntwaneni, i-PFO ayivami ukuzivala yodwa. Ukuvulwa ngokuvamile kuvala ebuntwaneni noma kuhlala kuvulekile ekuphileni konke. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa - abantu abadala abaningi abane-PFO baphila ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokungenelela.

Ingabe i-Patent Foramen Ovale ithonya isikhathi sokuphila?

I-PFO ayithinti isikhathi sokuphila kubantu abaningi abayinayo. Abantu abaningi abane-PFO banezikhathi zokuphila ezivamile futhi ababhekene nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nesimo. Ngisho nalapho izinkinga zenzeka, ngokuvamile zingaqondwa.

Ngingazivocavoca ngokujwayelekile nge-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-PFO bangazivocavoca ngokujwayelekile futhi bahlanganyele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba, kufaka phakathi imidlalo yokuncintisana. Umsebenzi kuphela ongase udinga ukucabangela okukhethekile ukugibela i-scuba, okumele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngenxa yengozi yesifo se-decompression.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukulandelela njalo uma ngine-Patent Foramen Ovale?

Uma une-PFO kodwa ungenawo izimpawu, ngokuvamile awudingi ukulandelela njalo noma i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela ngokukhethekile ye-PFO. Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlola njalo njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwakho konke kwempilo, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izici eziyisongo zesifo senhliziyo noma ukushaya kwengqondo.