Foramen Ovale

I-patent foramen ovale (PFO) iwumgodi enhliziyweni owawungavalwa ngendlela efanele ngemva kokuzalwa. Lo mgodi uyindwangu encane evulekile phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo. Amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo abizwa ngokuthi ama-atria.

Njengoba ingane ikhula esizalweni, ukuvulwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-foramen ovale (foh-RAY-mun oh-VAY-lee) kuhlala phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo. Ngokuvamile kuvala ngesikhathi sobukhulu. Uma i-foramen ovale ingavali, kubizwa ngokuthi i-patent foramen ovale.

Abantu abaningi abadingi ukwelashwa kwe-patent foramen ovale.

I-Patent foramen ovale lifinywa kubantu abangaba ngu-1 kwaba ngu-4. Abantu abaningi abane leli gciwane abalwazi ukuthi balinawo. I-Patent foramen ovale ivame ukwaziwa ngesikhathi kokuhlolwa kwezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Akucaci ukuthi kungani ifomane ovale ihlala ivulekile kwabanye abantu. Ijenetiki ingase ibe nomthelela.

I-patent foramen ovale, ebizwa nangokuthi i-patent foramen ovale (PFO), ngokuvamile ayibangeli izinkinga. Abanye abantu abane-PFO bangaba nezinye izifo zenhliziyo

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-patent foramen ovale zingafaka:

• I-oksijini ephansi yegazi. Ngokungavamile, i-patent foramen ovale ingabangela ukuthi inani elikhulu legazi liye ngaphandle kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kunciphisa amazinga e-oksijini egazini, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoxemia.
• Isiguli. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-blood clots amancane ezinhlungwini angaya enhliziyweni. Angaya nge-patent foramen ovale futhi aye ngakwesobunxele senhliziyo. Kusuka lapho, angaya ebuchosheni futhi avikele ukugeleza kwegazi, abangele isiguli esibizwa ngokuthi yi-ischemic stroke.

Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi i-patent foramen ovales (PFOs) ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesiguli esingachazwanga kanye ne-migraines ene-aura. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka. Ngokuvamile, kunezinye izizathu zalezi zimo. Ngokuvamile kungumcimbi nje ukuthi umuntu naye une-PFO.

Imvamisa, i-patent foramen ovale itholwa uma kuenziwa uvivinyo ngenxa yesinye isimo sempilo. Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo ecabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-patent foramen ovale (PFO), kungenzeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zentliziyo.

Uma une-patent foramen ovale futhi ube nesifo sobuchopho, umhlinzeki wakho angakudlulisa kudokotela oqeqeshwe ezimweni zebhuloho kanye nezinzwa. Lo mqondisi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-neurologist.

Uvivinyo oluthi yi-echocardiogram lusetshenziswa ukuthola i-PFO. Uvivinyo lusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zentliziyo ebethayo. I-echocardiogram ibonisa ubukhulu bentliziyo. Ibonisa futhi ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani ngentliziyo nangama-valve entliziyo.

Lena yi-echocardiogram ejwayelekile. Ithwebula izithombe zentliziyo ngaphandle komzimba. Umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zezempilo ucindezela idivayisi ye-ultrasound, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-transducer, ngokuqinile kulusu phezu kwendawo yentliziyo. Idivayisi irekhoda ama-echo amaza omsindo avela entliziyweni. Ikhompyutha ishintsha ama-echo abe yizithombe ezihambahambayo.

Izinguquko zale nqubo zingasetshenziswa ukuthola i-patent foramen ovale, okuhlanganisa:

I-Color-Doppler. Uma amaza omsindo ebetha eeseli zegazi ezihamba ngentliziyo, ashintsha iphithi. Lezi zinguquko zibizwa ngama-Doppler signals. Zivelela ngemibala ehlukene ku-echocardiogram. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa isivinini nendlela yokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.

Uma une-patent foramen ovale, lo mbono we-echocardiogram ubonisa igazi elihamba phakathi kwamakhamera aphezulu entliziyweni.

Ucwaningo lwe-Saline contrast, oluthiwa futhi yi-bubble study. Ngesikhathi se-echocardiogram ejwayelekile, isisombululo se-salt esiqediwe esinamabhubhu amancane sinikezwa yi-IV. Amabhubhu ahambela ngakwesokudla sentliziyo. Angabonwa ku-echocardiogram.

Uma kungekho luhole phakathi kwamakhamera aphezulu entliziyweni, amabhubhu ahlanzwa emaphaphwini. Uma une-patent foramen ovale, amanye amabhubhu abonakala ngakwesobunxele sentliziyo.

I-patent foramen ovale ingaba nzima ukuyiqinisekisa ku-echocardiogram ejwayelekile. Umhlinzeki wakho angakuncoma lo mvivinyo ukuze ubone ngokuqondile entliziyweni.

I-transesophageal echocardiogram ithwebula izithombe zentliziyo ngaphakathi komzimba. Kubhekwa njengendlela eqondile kakhulu yokuthola i-patent foramen ovale.

Ngesikhathi salo mvivinyo, i-probe eguquguqukayo enedivayisi ye-ultrasound iqondiswa phansi komlomo iye etubeni ehlanganisa umlomo nesisu. Leli thuba libizwa ngokuthi yi-esophagus.

• I-Color-Doppler. Uma amaza omsindo ebetha eeseli zegazi ezihamba ngentliziyo, ashintsha iphithi. Lezi zinguquko zibizwa ngama-Doppler signals. Zivelela ngemibala ehlukene ku-echocardiogram. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa isivinini nendlela yokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.

  Uma une-patent foramen ovale, lo mbono we-echocardiogram ubonisa igazi elihamba phakathi kwamakhamera aphezulu entliziyweni.

• Ucwaningo lwe-Saline contrast, oluthiwa futhi yi-bubble study. Ngesikhathi se-echocardiogram ejwayelekile, isisombululo se-salt esiqediwe esinamabhubhu amancane sinikezwa yi-IV. Amabhubhu ahambela ngakwesokudla sentliziyo. Angabonwa ku-echocardiogram.

  Uma kungekho luhole phakathi kwamakhamera aphezulu entliziyweni, amabhubhu ahlanzwa emaphaphwini. Uma une-patent foramen ovale, amanye amabhubhu abonakala ngakwesobunxele sentliziyo.

Abantu abaningi abane-patent foramen ovale abadingi ukwelashwa. Uma i-PFO itholakala lapho i-echocardiogram yenziwa ngezizathu ezingezona lezo, inqubo yokucisha umgodi ngokuvamile ayenziwa.

Uma ukwelashwa kwe-PFO kudingeka, kungafaka:

Udokotela wakho angakuncoma imithi ukuzama ukunciphisa ingozi yezigaxa zegazi eziwela i-patent foramen ovale. Abaphincisi begazi bangasiza abanye abantu abane-patent foramen ovale abake baba nesifo sohlangothi.

Uma une-PFO namanqanaba aphansi oksijini egazini noma isifo sohlangothi esingachazwanga, ungadinga inqubo yokucisha umgodi.

Ukuvalwa kwe-patent foramen ovale ukuvimbela izifo zikhanda akukukhuthazwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala. Ukuvalwa kwe-patent foramen ovale ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi esiphindaphindayo kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba abahlinzeki bokukhathalela abaqeqeshwe ezifo zenhliziyo nezesistimu yezinzwa bekhulume ukuthi inqubo izokusiza.

Izinqubo zokucisha i-patent foramen ovale zifaka:

Ukuvalwa kwesixhobo. Kule nqubo, umhlinzeki ufake ithyube elibukhulu, elithambile elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter esithombeni segazi endaweni yesisu. Umgomo we-catheter unedivayisi yokubeka i-PFO. Umhlinzeki uqondisa idivayisi enhliziyweni ukuze avale ukuvula.

Izinkinga zokucisha idivayisi azivamile. Zingafaka ukubhoboka kwenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwesixhobo, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Ukuvalwa kokucutshungulwa. Kulolu cuku lwenhliziyo, udokotela usebenzisa izinsuku ukuvala i-PFO. Lolu cuku lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isiqu esincane kakhulu. Lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu we-robotic.

Uma ukucutshungulwa kwenhliziyo kudingeka ngesinye isizathu, umhlinzeki wakho angakuncoma ukuthi lo mcubo wenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

• Imithi

• Inqubo ye-catheter yokucisha umgodi

• Ukuhlinzwa kokucisha umgodi

• Ukuvalwa kwesixhobo. Kule nqubo, umhlinzeki ufake ithyube elibukhulu, elithambile elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter esithombeni segazi endaweni yesisu. Umgomo we-catheter unedivayisi yokubeka i-PFO. Umhlinzeki uqondisa idivayisi enhliziyweni ukuze avale ukuvula.

  Izinkinga zokucisha idivayisi azivamile. Zingafaka ukubhoboka kwenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwesixhobo, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

• Ukuvalwa kokucutshungulwa. Kulolu cuku lwenhliziyo, udokotela usebenzisa izinsuku ukuvala i-PFO. Lolu cuku lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isiqu esincane kakhulu. Lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu we-robotic.

  Uma ukucutshungulwa kwenhliziyo kudingeka ngesinye isizathu, umhlinzeki wakho angakuncoma ukuthi lo mcubo wenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Uma wazi ukuthi unomgodi ovulekile we-foramen ovale, kodwa awunayo imimonyo, cishe ngeke ube nemiqathi yemisebenzi yakho.

Uma uzokuhamba ibanga elide, kubalulekile ukulandela iziphakamiso zokuvimbela ukubunjwa kwegazi. Uma uhamba ngemoto, thatha ikhefu bese uhamba uhambo olufushane. Esikhathini sendiza, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi bese uhambahamba lapho kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo.