Ukuthini i-Pectus Excavatum? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Pectus excavatum yisimo sezingqimba zesifuba lapho ithambo lakho lesifuba (isternum) nama-ribs ekhula ngaphakathi, okwenza ukubonakala okucindezelekile noma "okucindezelekile" ezingqondweni zesifuba sakho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa esizalweni futhi kuba sobala njengoba ukhula, ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka yobusha lapho kuvela khona ukukhula okusheshayo.

Ungase wazi lesi simo ngamagama amanye njenge- "funnel chest" noma i- "sunken chest." Empeleni yiyona ingozi eqhelekile yokuhlukahluka kwezingqimba zesifuba, ethinta cishe umuntu omunye kwaba-400 abazalwayo. Nakuba kungabonakala kukhathazayo, abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokuphelele.

Zithini izimpawu ze-pectus excavatum?

Uphawu olucacile kakhulu yikhambi lokugoba ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho, okungaba ukusuka kokulinganisela kuya kokujula kakhulu. Kubantu abaningi, lolu shintsho olukhombayo yilona kuphela uphawu abalubona, futhi alulithinti ubuhlobo babo bemihla ngemihla noma impilo.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase baphawule izimpawu zomzimba, ikakhulukazi uma ukucindezeleka kunzima kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini ongayibona:

• Ukuqeda umoya ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma umsebenzi womzimba
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho igija
• Ukukhathala okubonakala kungavamile ngezinga lakho lomsebenzi
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula noma ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthatha umoya
• Ubuhlungu behlombe oluvela ekushintsheni komzimba njengoba uzama ukufihla ukubonakala kwesifuba

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba isikhumba esincane singacindezela inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho, sinciphise indawo abayidingayo ukusebenza kahle. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum ebonakalayo abanawo noma yimiphi yalezi zimpawu zomzimba.

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zomzimba, lesi simo singathinta nokuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokwakho. Ungase uzizwe ukhona ngokubonakala kwakho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho uzoqeda khona ihembe lakho, njengokubhukuda noma imisebenzi yezemidlalo.

Yini ebangela i-pectus excavatum?

I-Pectus excavatum ithuthukiswa lapho i-cartilage ehlanganisa ama-ribs akho nethambo lakho lesifuba ikhula ngokungavamile ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesilwane. Cabanga ngale cartilage njengabaxhumanisi abaguquguqukayo abagcina i-rib cage yakho ndawonye - uma bekhulile kakhulu noma ngendlela engavamile, bangadonsa ithambo lakho lesifuba ngaphakathi.

Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi lokhu kwenzekani asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa i-genetics idlala indima ebalulekile. Cishe u-40% wabantu abane-pectus excavatum banomuntu womndeni onalesi simo esifanayo noma enye ingozi yokuhlukahluka kwezingqimba zesifuba.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo:

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-connective tissue
• Umbukiso womndeni wezingozi zokuhlukahluka kwezingqimba zesifuba
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-Marfan syndrome noma i-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• I-connective tissue disorders ethinta indlela i-cartilage namagagasi akhula ngayo

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-pectus excavatum ayibangelwa yilutho wena noma abazali bakho abalwenzile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuyindlela nje isikhumba sakho esithuthukiswe ngayo ngaphambi kokuzalwa, futhi ngokuvamile sibe sobala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okusheshayo kokukhula, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yobusha.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela nge-pectus excavatum?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma uma ukhathazekile ngokubonakala kwesifuba sakho. Ukubheka kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ukwelashwa kungaba usizo yini.

Nazi izimo ezithile lapho kunconywa khona ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha:

• Uhlangabezana nokuqeda umoya ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Unebuhlungu besifuba obuphazamisa ukuzivocavoca noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Uphawula ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwesifuba sakho kuya kujula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Uzizwa inhliziyo yakho igija noma iskipa ama-beats njalo
• Isimo sithinta ukuzethemba kwakho noma ikhwalithi yempilo
• Unezihlobo zomndeni ezine-connective tissue disorders

Kubantwana nabasha, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba nokuhlolwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kokukhula. Isimo singaba sibi ngesikhathi salezi zikhathi, futhi izinketho zokungenelela kwasekuqaleni zingase zibe nemiphumela emihle.

Ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zilinganiselwe. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angahlola ukuthi i-pectus excavatum yakho ithonya inhliziyo yakho noma umsebenzi wemiphunga yakho futhi axoxe ngezinketho zokwelapha ezingase zikusize uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uqiniseke.

Zithini izici ezingase zikhulise i-pectus excavatum?

Izici eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-pectus excavatum, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingase zikhulise amathuba awuqinisekisi ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa lesi simo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukubheka kwezokwelapha.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise amathuba zifaka:

• Ukuba owesilisa - abafana banethuba elingaphezulu kwama-3 kuya ku-5 lokuthuthukisa i-pectus excavatum kunamantombazane
• Umbukiso womndeni wezingozi zokuhlukahluka kwezingqimba zesifuba noma i-connective tissue disorders
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-Marfan syndrome, i-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, noma i-Poland syndrome
• I-Scoliosis noma ezinye izinkinga zokugoba komgogodla
• I-Mitral valve prolapse noma ezinye izimo ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Ukuba ude futhi unemzimba oqine kakhulu

Ubudala buphinde budlale indima endleleni isimo esivezwa ngayo. Nakuba i-pectus excavatum ikhona kusukela ekuzalweni, ngokuvamile iba sobala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kokukhula kwentsha lapho kuvela khona ukukhula okusheshayo. Kungakho abantu abaningi beqala ukuqaphela isimo sabo ngesikhathi seminyaka yabo yobusha.

Ukuba nalezi zici ezingase zikhulise amathuba akusho ukuthi udinga ukukhathazeka, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uqaphele isimo futhi uqaphele noma yikuphi ushintsho ekubonakaleni kwesifuba sakho noma izindlela zokuphefumula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Zithini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-pectus excavatum?

Abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum abanawo ubunzima obukhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ukucindezeleka kuqondile kuya kokulinganisela. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinzima kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi zingathinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo nemiphunga yakho.

Nazi izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke, ikakhulukazi ngokucindezeleka okujulile kwesifuba:

• Ukuncipha komthamo wemiphunga nobunzima bokuqeda umoya ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca
• Ukucindezelwa kwenhliziyo okuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhipha kwenhliziyo
• Ukungabekezeleli komsebenzi nokukhathala kwasekuqaleni ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula ngenxa yokunciphisa umsebenzi wemiphunga
• Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo ezimweni ezingavamile
• Imiphumela yezokwengqondo efaka ukuzethemba okuphansi nokukhipha umphakathi

Umphumela wezokwengqondo awufanele ucatshangelwe. Abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum ebonakalayo bagwema imisebenzi efana nokubhukuda, ukuya ogwini, noma ukudlala imidlalo lapho bengase badinge khona ukuqeda ihembe labo. Lokhu kungathinta ubuhlobo bomphakathi nekwalithi yempilo ngokujwayelekile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-pectus excavatum enzima ingabangela ukucindezelwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo nemiphunga, okuholela ebunzimeni obukhulu bokuqeda umoya noma izinkinga zenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinsiza zanamuhla zokuxilonga, odokotela bangabona lezi zimo kwasekuqaleni futhi bancome ukwelashwa okufanele.

I-pectus excavatum ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-pectus excavatum ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba lapho udokotela wakho engabona futhi a linganise ukucindezeleka kwesifuba. Bazokuphuthuma ngezimpawu zakho, umlando womndeni, nokuthi isimo sithinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani nokuthi sithinta yini inhliziyo yakho noma umsebenzi wemiphunga. Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba okulinganisa ukujula nobubanzi bokucindezeleka kwesifuba
• I-X-rays yesifuba ukubona ubukhulu bamagagasi nokuhlola ukuhlukaniswa kwenhliziyo
• I-CT scan ukuthola izithombe eziningi futhi ubalule i-severity index
• Imivivolo yokusebenza kwemiphunga ukulinganisa ukuthi imiphunga yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani
• I-Echocardiogram ukuhlola ukuthi umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho uthinteka yini
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela komsebenzi ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho iphendula kanjani emisebenzini

I-CT scan ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba iyasiza odokotela ukubala lokho okuthiwa yi- "Haller Index" - ukulinganiswa okusiza ekuqondeni ubukhulu besimo sakho. Lo mboni uqhathanisa ububanzi besifuba sakho nokude phakathi kwethambo lakho lesifuba nomgogodla.

Lezi zihloko azilibuhlungu, futhi zinikeza ulwazi oluyigugu olusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuncoma indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha isimo sakho esithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-pectus excavatum?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pectus excavatum kuncike ekutheni isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani nokuthi sibangela izimpawu yini noma sithinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho nemiphunga. Izimo eziningi ezilinganiselwe azidingi ukwelashwa nhlobo, kuyilapho izimo ezinzima kakhulu zinezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo ezitholakalayo.

Ngezimpahla ezilinganiselwe ngaphandle kwezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ancome:

• Ukuqapha okuvamile ukubuka ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukwelashwa komzimba nemivivolo yokuthuthukisa isimo somzimba nokuphefumula
• Ukuzivocavoca kwesifuba ukuqinisa imisipha ezungezile i-rib cage yakho
• Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula ukukhulisa umthamo wemiphunga

Uma izimpawu zikhona noma ukucindezeleka kunzima, izinketho zokwelashwa ngokusebenza ziyaqondakala. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa ngokusebenza yilezi:

Inqubo ye-Nuss ifaka ukufaka ibha yensimbi egubekile ngaphansi kwethambo lakho lesifuba ukuyisusa ngaphandle. Lolu lwazi olukhulu lokusebenza ngokuvamile lwenziwa ngokusika okuncane eceleni kwesifuba sakho. Ibha ihlala isikhathi esingama-2-4 iminyaka ngenkathi isikhumba sakho siqala ukubukeka, bese isuswa ngenqubo emfushane.

Inqubo ye-Ravitch iyindlela yokwelashwa evamile lapho udokotela asusa khona i-cartilage engavamile futhi ahlanganise ithambo lesifuba. Lendlela ingase ibe yindlela efanele kubantu abadala noma labo abanezingozi ezinzima kakhulu.

Zombili lezi zinqubo zinezinga eliphezulu lempi futhi zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala nezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokususelwa ebudaleni bakho, ubukhulu besimo, nezifiso zakho siqu.

Ungaphatha kanjani i-pectus excavatum ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa ekhaya kungenakulungisa ukucindezeleka kwesifuba ngokwalo, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukulawula izimpawu futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ngesimo sakho. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezilinganiselwe noma ngenkathi ucabanga ngezinye izinketho zokwelashwa.

Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni umthamo wemiphunga yakho nokunciphisa ukuqeda umoya. Zama izindlela zokuphefumula okujulile nsuku zonke, ugcine amehlo akho ekwandiseni isikhumba sakho nokusebenzisa i-diaphragm yakho ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungakusiza ukwenza okuningi ngendawo yakho yemiphunga etholakalayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo somzimba kubalulekile ngoba abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum bathambekele ekubukeni phambili ukufihla isikhumba sabo. Nazi izindlela ezisiza:

• Zama ukuqina nokuhlala ngamahlombe akho emuva nesifuba sivulekile
• Qinisisa imisipha yakho yomgogodla ngemisebenzi efana nama-rows nama-reverse flies
• Yandisa imisipha yakho yesifuba njalo ukuvimbela ukubopha
• Cabanga nge-yoga noma i-Pilates ukuthuthukisa isimo somzimba ngokujwayelekile namandla e-core

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile kwenhliziyo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho ngokujwayelekile nekhono lokuphefumula. Qala kancane bese ukhulisa izinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukubekezelela kwakho kuya kuthuthuka. Ukubhukuda kusiza kakhulu ngoba kuzivocavoca inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho ngenkathi kuqinisa imisipha yesifuba.

Ukubhekana nezinhlangothi zezingqondo kubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Cabanga ukukhuluma nabangane, umndeni, noma umxhumanisi mayelana nendlela isimo esikuthinta ngayo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuxhumana nabanye abane-pectus excavatum ngamaqembu wokusekela noma imiphakathi e-inthanethi kubasiza bazizwe bengabodwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kuzokusiza ukwenza okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi konke ukukhathazeka kwakho kuqondwa. Qala ngokubhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi zithinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Letha uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Cabanga ukufaka:

• I-pectus excavatum yami ibukhulu kangakanani?
• Izimpawu zami zihambelana nokucindezeleka kwesifuba?
• Zithini izinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo esimweni sami?
• Isimo sami sizoba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
• Kufanele ngigweme imisebenzi ethile noma ukuzivocavoca?
• Nini okumele ngicabange ngokwelashwa ngokusebenza?

Bula umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi noma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezingozi zokuhlukahluka kwesifuba noma i-connective tissue disorders. Uma uke waba ne-X-rays yesifuba noma ezinye izithombe, letha amakhophi noma uqinisekise ukuthi udokotela wakho angazifinyelela.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane wokusekela, ikakhulukazi uma uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa ngokusebenza. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile nokubuza imibuzo ongayikhohlwa.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngendlela isimo esithinta ngayo ikhwalithi yempilo yakho, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa emisebenzini yomzimba noma izimo zomphakathi. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda umthelela ophelele wesimo sakho futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-pectus excavatum?

I-Pectus excavatum yisimo esilawuleka esithinta abantu abaningi, futhi awudingi ukuba wedwa ekuqondeni lokhu. Nakuba ukubonakala kwesifuba esincane kungase kubonakale kukhathazayo, abantu abaningi abalesi simo baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kutholakala uma isimo sakho sibangela izimpawu noma sithinta ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Kusukela emisebenzini elula nezinqubo zokuphefumula kuya ezinqubweni zokwelashwa ngokusebenza eziphumelelayo kakhulu, kunezindlela ezingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Ungavumeli i-pectus excavatum ibeke imingcele emisebenzini yakho noma ukuzethemba kwakho ngokungadingekile. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu noma uzizwa ukhona ngokubonakala kwakho, ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungakusiza ukuqonda izinketho zakho nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nokwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi ukufuna usizo kuyisibonakaliso sokunakekela kahle, hhayi ubuthakathaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukuphathwa okulinganiselwe noma unquma ukulungiswa ngokusebenza, umgomo ukukusiza uzizwe ukhululekile, uqiniseke, futhi ukwazi ukujabulela yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile kuwe.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-pectus excavatum

Q1: Ingabe i-pectus excavatum izoba sibi njengoba ngikhula?

I-Pectus excavatum ngokuvamile iba sobala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kokukhula kwentsha, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlala iqinile uma usuqedile ukukhula. Kubantu abadala abaningi, isimo aliqhubeki nokuba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase baphawule ushintsho ezimpawini ngenxa yezici ezifana noshintsho lwesisindo, izinga lokufaneleka, noma ushintsho oluhlobene nobudala emsebenzini wemiphunga.

Q2: Ngikwazi yini ukuzivocavoca ngokujwayelekile nge-pectus excavatum?

Abantu abaningi abane-pectus excavatum ebanzi kuya kokulinganisela bangazivocavoca ngokujwayelekile futhi bahlanganyele ezemidlalo ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa. Uma uhlangabezana nokuqeda umoya noma ubuhlungu besifuba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho, kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi udinga ukugwema umsebenzi womzimba. Eqinisweni, ukuzivocavoca okuvamile ngokuvamile kusiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho ngokujwayelekile nekhono lokuphefumula.

Q3: Ingabe ukwelashwa ngokusebenza yiyona kuphela indlela yokulungisa ukubonakala kwe-pectus excavatum?

Okwamanje, ukwelashwa ngokusebenza yiyona kuphela indlela yokulungisa ukucindezeleka kwesifuba ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivocavoca okuqinisa imisipha yakho yesifuba nokuthuthukisa isimo somzimba kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala futhi kungakwenza uzizwe uqiniseke kakhulu. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukwakha imisipha emzimbeni wesifuba nasehlombe kusiza ekuqondiseni umthelela wokubonakala wesimo.

Q4: Ngubani ubudala obuhle kakhulu bokuhlinzwa kwe-pectus excavatum?

Ubudala obuhle kakhulu bokuhlinzwa kuncike ezicini eziningi, kodwa odokotela abaningi bancoma ukusebenza ngesikhathi seminyaka yobusha lapho isikhumba sisakhula futhi siqina kakhulu. Inqubo ye-Nuss ngokuvamile iphumelela kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engama-12-18, kuyilapho inqubo ye-Ravitch ingasebenza kahle eminyakeni ehlukahlukene. Udokotela wakho uzocubungula isimo sakho esithile, kufaka phakathi ubukhulu bezimpawu nokuqina kwesifuba.

Q5: Ingabe insimbi izokhokhela ukwelashwa kwe-pectus excavatum?

Ukumbozwa kwezinsimbi kuyahlukahluka, kodwa izinhlelo eziningi zizokhokhela ukwelashwa lapho i-pectus excavatum ibangela izinkinga zokusebenza njengobunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuqoshwa kwezimpawu nemiphumela yokuhlola ebonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo noma imiphunga ngokuvamile kuqinisa ukugunyazwa kwezinsimbi. Ukulungiswa kokubukeka kuphela kungase kungakhokhelwa, ngakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqopha noma yimiphi imiphumela yokusebenza yesimo sakho.