Izifo Zegazi Elimhlophe Ezinganeni: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Izifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni zenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omzimba olulomelela ekulweni nokuqabukela engqondweni yengane engasebenzi kahle noma enani elingalungile. Lezi zimo zithinta ukuthi uhlelo lokulwela ukugula lomntwana wakho lungawuvikela kangakanani umzimba wakhe emagcikeni nasezifweni.

Amagqamuzana egazi elimhlophe afana nebutho lomuntu siqu lomntwana wakho lokumelana nokugula. Uma la maqamuzana emancane kakhulu, eminingi kakhulu, noma engaqondakali kahle, kungamshwabisa umntanakho ekuqabukeleni noma kubangele ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni?

Izifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni yizimo lapho izingane zinezinkinga ngamagqamuzana azo egazi elimhlophe, okuwumvikeli oyinhloko womzimba ekubeni nokuqabukela. Lezi zifo zingabandakanya ukuba namaqamuzana egazi elimhlophe ambalwa kakhulu, amaningi kakhulu, noma amaqamuzana angasebenzi kahle.

Umgogodla wamathambo womntwana wakho ukhulula la maqamuzana abalulekile nsuku zonke. Uma kukhona okuthinta le nqubo noma ukuthi amaqamuzana asebenza kanjani, kwenza isifo segazi elimhlophe esingathinta impilo yengane yakho nekhono layo lokulwa nezifo.

Lezi zimo zingaba khona kusukela ekuzalweni noma zithuthuke ebuntwaneni. Ezinye ziyisikhashana futhi zilula ukwelashwa, kanti ezinye zingadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo nokuqapha ukuze umntwana wakho ahlale enempilo futhi ekhula kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu zezifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni?

Izimpawu zezifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni zivame ukuphathelene nekhono eliphansi lomzimba wazo lokulwa nokuqabukela noma ukusingatha ukuvuvukala. Ungase uqaphele umntanakho egula kaningi noma ethatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukana nezifo ezivamile.

Nawa aphawu avamile abazali abaqaphela:

• Ukutheleleka okuvamile njengokutheleleka kwezindlebe, i-pneumonia, noma ukutheleleka kwesikhumba
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kunokujwayelekile noma okungaphenduli kahle ekwelapheni
• Ukuqhubeka nokushisa umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphulukiswa kancane kwezicucu, ukukhahlela, noma ezinye izilonda ezincane
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile entanyeni, ezikhaleni, noma emadolweni
• Ukuphindaphinda kwama-sores emlonyeni noma izinkinga zamagciwane
• Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukuphuza igazi okungachazeki

Abanye abantwana bangase futhi babe nezinkinga zesisu, ukungabi nendlala, noma babonakale bengaphili kahle kakhulu kunabanye abantwana abangobudala babo. Lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kancane noma zivele ngokuzumayo, kuye ngokuphazamiseka okuthile.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi ezingathinta abantwana, ngayinye ihilela izinkinga ezahlukene zendlela la maseli okuvikela umzimba aphuhliswa ngayo noma asebenza ngayo. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile kusiza odokotela ukuba benze uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu ngengane yakho.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izifo lapho inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi liphansi kakhulu, liphezulu kakhulu, noma lapho amaseli angasebenzi kahle ngisho noma inani libonakala liqondile.

Neutropenia

I-Neutropenia isho ukuthi ingane yakho inama-neutrophils ambalwa kakhulu, okuyila maseli amhlophe egazi alwa nokutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya. Lesi simo senza abantwana babe nethuba elikhulu lokutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi emlonyeni, ehlombe, nesistimu yokugaya ukudla.

Abanye abantwana bazalwa bene-neutropenia, kanti abanye bayithola ngenxa yemithi, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ubunzima bungase buhluke kusuka kokulula kuya kokukhulu, buthinta ukuthi udinga ukunakekela kangakanani impilo yengane yakho.

Leukocytosis

I-Leukocytosis kwenzeka uma ingane yakho inenani elikhulu kakhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi ehamba egazini layo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka njengomphumela wokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, noma ukucindezeleka, kodwa kungabonisa nezimo ezingathi sína.

Nakuba ukuba namaseli amhlophe egazi engeziwe kungabonakala kuyivikelekile, izinombolo eziphezulu kakhulu zingaphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile nokusebenza kwemizimba. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthola nokuphatha imbangela ephambili.

Izifo Zokungabi Nabulungiswa Be-Immunity Eziyinhloko

Lezi yizimo zezakhiwo lapho amaseli amhlophe egazi engakhula noma asebenzi kahle kusukela ekuzalweni. Izingane ezinalezi zifo zivame ukuba nokutheleleka okuphindaphindayo, okukhulu okungaphenduli kahle ekwelapheni okujwayelekile.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-immunodeficiencies eziyinhloko, ngayinye ithonya izingxenye ezahlukene zesimiso se-immune. Ezinye ziyamila futhi ziphatheka kalula, kanti ezinye zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhulu kanye nezinqubo ezikhethekile.

I-Leukemia

I-Leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi lapho amaseli amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile azala ngokushesha futhi agcwalise amaseli egazi anempilo. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhulu, i-leukemias eminingi yabantwana iphendula kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni uma itholakala ngokushesha.

Izingane ezine-leukemia zivame ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nokuqeda amandla okuqhubekayo, ukutheleleka okuvamile, ukulunywa kalula, nobuhlungu emathanjeni. Izinqubo zanamuhla zenza i-leukemia yabantwana ibe lula kakhulu ukwelapha kunakuqala.

Yini ebangela izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana zingathuthuka ngezimbangela ezahlukene, kusukela ezimbangelweni zezakhiwo ezikhona ekuzalweni kuya ezimweni ezitholakala ezikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini engabangela lezi zifo kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Izimbangela ngokuvamile ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezihilela izakhiwo, ukutheleleka, imithi, nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezithonya indlela umphetho wamathambo okwenza noma indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo amaseli amhlophe egazi.

Izimbangela Zezakhiwo

Abanye abantwana bazalwa benezinguquko ze-genetic eziqeda indlela ama-white blood cells abo aphuhliswa ngayo noma asebenza ngayo. Lezi zimo eziwumfuyo zingadluliselwa kubazali noma zibe yizinguquko ezintsha ze-genetic engwaneni.

Isimo esinjengoba i-severe congenital neutropenia noma i-primary immunodeficiency disorders zivame ukuba nezizathu ze-genetic. Lezi zivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni noma ekuqaleni kobutsha lapho abantwana behlushwa ukutheleleka okuvamile noma okukhulu.

Ukutheleleka

Ukutheleleka kwe-viral, i-bacterial, noma okunye kungathinta inani lama-white blood cells okwesikhashana. Amanye ama-virus anganciphisa umsebenzi we-bone marrow, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okuncane kwama-white blood cells amasonto noma izinyanga.

Ukutheleleka okuthile kungabangela umzimba ukuba usebenzise ama-white blood cells ngokushesha kunokuba angashintshwa. Izinguquko eziningi ezihlobene nokutheleleka kuma-white blood cells ziyaphela uma ukutheleleka kuphathwa.

Imithi Nokwelashwa

Eminye imithi ingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwama-white blood cells noma umsebenzi njengomphumela ohlangothini. Imithi ye-chemotherapy, ama-antibiotics athile, neminye imithi yokwelapha ukubamba kwemisipha kuyaziwa ngokuthi ingathinta ama-white blood cells.

I-radiation therapy ingathinta nokukwazi kwe-bone marrow ukukhiqiza ama-white blood cells aphilile. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela inani legazi ngokucophelela uma ingane yakho idinga ukwelashwa okungase kuqede lezi zicell.

Isimo Se-Autoimmune

Ngesinye isikhathi i-immune system yengane ihlasela ama-white blood cells ayo, okuholela ekutheni inani libe liphansi noma umsebenzi we-cell ube mubi. Lokhu kungenzeka ezimweni ezinjenge-autoimmune neutropenia noma njengengxenye yezifo ze-autoimmune ezibanzi.

Lezi zimo zivame ukuvela lapho i-immune system idideka futhi ithatha izicell ezempilo njengezingozi. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukugxila ekuthuliseni impendulo ye-immune ngenkathi kuvikelwa ekuthelelekeni.

Izizathu Ezingevame

Ngokungavamile, izinkinga zamaseli amhlophe egazi zingabangelwa yizifo zomgogodla wamathambo, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ukondleka okubi kakhulu, noma ukubhekana nezinto eziyingozi. Lezi zimbangela zingeziningi kakhulu kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile.

Ezinye izifo eziyizimbangela ezingavamile zofuzo zihlanganisa nezinhlungu zamaseli amhlophe egazi njengomunye wemisebenzi eminingi yempilo. Lezi zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile zidinga ukunakekelwa ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenza ndawonye.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngezinkinga zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela womntanakho uma ubona ukuthi uthola ukutheleleka njalo kunokujwayelekile noma uma izifo ezivamile zibonakala zinzima kakhulu noma zihlala isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile. Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali uma kukhona okuhluke ngempilo yomntanakho.

Izimpawu ezithile zexwayiso zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi akufanele ulinde isikhathi sokukhulumisana okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubushushu obuphezulu obungaphenduli ekwelapheni, izimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu, noma noma iyiphi impilo ekuhlaza umxhwele kakhulu.

Nawa amamephu athile adinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ubushushu obuphezulu kunama-100.4°F (38°C) obuyaqhubeka noma buyaqhubeka buphinde bubuyele
• Izifo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu zezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwe-pneumonia, noma ukutheleleka okukhulu ngonyaka
• Ukutheleleka okungathuthuki ngokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-antibiotic
• Amaqhubu emlonyeni angapholi noma aqhubeka ebuya
• Ukuqhuma okungavamile noma ukuphuza igazi ngaphandle kokulimaza okubonakalayo
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuhlupha imisebenzi evamile
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa

Uma umntanakho ekhona ehlonishwa ngesifo samaseli amhlophe egazi, landela imiyalelo ethile yodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi nini kufanele ucingo. Bangase bafune ukuxhumana nawe nganoma yiluphi ubushushu noma izimpawu zokutheleleka, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane.

Yini izimbangela zengozi zezifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Izimbangela eziningi zingandisa amathuba engane yokuthuthukisa izifo ze-white blood cell, nakuba abantwana abaningi abanemikhakha yezingozi bangazithuthukisi lezi zimo. Ukuqonda izimbangela zezingozi kusiza abazali ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayiqaphele nokuthi nini kufanele bafune iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Izimbangela zezingozi zihlanganisa izinto ezingashintshi, njengomlando womndeni, nezinto ezingokwemvelo ezingashintshwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokuziphatha kokuphila.

Nawa amaphuzu aphambili okumele uwaqaphele:

• Umlando womndeni wezifo zesimiso somzimba noma umdlavuza wegazi
• Ukuphathwa komdlavuza ngaphambili nge-chemotherapy noma i-radiation
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-genetic syndromes njenge-Down syndrome
• Ukondleka okubi noma ukushoda kwevithamini
• Ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile zekhemikhali noma izinto eziyingozi ezingokwemvelo
• Ukuba nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune
• Ukuthatha imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu, okuqhubekayo

Ukuba nezimbangela zezingozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izophuthuma ithuthukise isifo se-white blood cell. Abantwana abaningi abanalezi zimbangela zezingozi bahlala bephilile, kanti abanye abantwana abangenazo izimbangela zezingozi ezaziwayo bayazithuthukisa lezi zimo.

Uma ingane yakho inezimbangela eziningi zezingozi, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlola okuvamile noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqapha inani le-white blood cell kanye nomsebenzi jikelele wesimiso somzimba.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zezifo ze-white blood cell zabantwana?

Izinhlanganisela ezivela ezifweni ze-white blood cell zibandakanya ikakhulukazi ukwanda kokuthambekela ekuthelelekeni nasezinkingeni zezempilo ezihlobene. Uma ama-white blood cells angakwazi ukuvikela umzimba ngokuphumelelayo, ngisho nama-germs avamile angabangela ukugula okukhulu.

Ubukhulu bezingozi zivame ukuxhomekeka esifweni esithile, ukuthi siphathwa kangcono kangakanani, nokuthi izingozi zitholakala futhi ziphathwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, izinhlanganisela eziningi ezingaba khona zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile abazali okufanele bazazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu noma okusongela ukuphila okudinga ukungena esibhedlela
• Ukutheleleka okusakazwa emzimbeni wonke (ukutheleleka kwegazi)
• Ukutheleleka okungapheli okunzima ukuqeda ngokuphelele
• Ukukhula okungaphansi noma intuthuko ngenxa yokugula okuvamile
• Ukwehluleka ukuya esikoleni nemisebenzi yomphakathi ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo
• Ukulimala okulimazayo okulimazayo nokukhuluphala okwandayo
• Izinkinga zamahlombe ezivela ekutholakaleni komlomo

Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zingase zenzeke ngezinhlobo ezithile zezifo. Lezi zingafaka ukulimala kwamalungu ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu, izinkinga zokugqwala kwegazi, noma izinkinga ezivela ekwelapheni okukhulu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okufanele, abantwana abaningi abanezinhlungu ze-white blood cell bangaphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo ngezinkinga ezincane.

Izinkinga Ezingezona Ezivamile Kepha Ezinzima

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ezinye izifo ze-white blood cell zingabangela izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Lezi zifaka ukutheleleka okukhulu okuthinta amalungu amaningi noma izinkinga zokopha okukhulu.

Abanye abantwana bangase bathuthukise umdlavuza wesibili noma ukusabela okukhulu kwe-autoimmune. Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingavamile, ziveza ukubaluleka kokulandelela njalo kwezokwelapha nokulandela izinhlelo zokwelapha ngokucophelela.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela izifo ze-white blood cell zabantwana?

Izifo eziningi ze-white blood cell azikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngoba zivela ezizathwini ze-genetic noma ekwelapheni okungakwazi ukugwenywa. Noma kunjalo, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze usekele uhlelo lokuvikela lomntanakho futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga.

Ukuvimbela kugxile ikakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle jikelele, ukugwema ukuvezwa okungadingekile okungalimaza ama-white blood cells, nokuphatha noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezikhona ezingathinta umsebenzi wokulwa nezifo.

Nawa amasu okuvimbela asebenzayo:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola zonke izigaxa ezicelwe ngesikhathi.
• Gcina ukudla okuhle ngokudla okuhlangene okunamavithamini naminerali amaningi.
• Sebenzisa ukuhlanza izandla okuhle futhi ufunde ingane yakho ukugeza izandla kahle.
• Gwema ukubonisana okungadingekile nabantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngezifo kunokuba uzivumele zihlale isikhathi eside.
• Vikela ingane yakho ezinweni ezaziwayo zezinto ezingcolisayo uma kungenzeka.
• Landela imiyalo yemithi ngokucophelela bese ubika imiphumela emibi.

Uma ingane yakho inesizukulwane somndeni sezifo zokuphepha kwamandla omzimba, ukwelulekwa ngezinto ezihlobene nezakhiwo ze-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yabo nokuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele.

Kubantwana abasuke sebehlonishwa ngezifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi, ukuvimbela kugxila ekugwemeni ukutheleleka nezinhlungu ngokubeka iliso ngokucophelela, ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo uma kudingeka, nokugcina impilo enhle.

Iziphi izindlela zokuxilonga izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Ukuxilonga izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kuvame ukuqala ngezivivinyo zegazi ezibala izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi futhi zibuye zihlole ukuthi asebenza kahle kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho uzoyala lezi zihloko uma ingane yakho inezimpawu noma izici ezingozi eziphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona isifo.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi futhi ingathatha isikhathi eside ukuqedela. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukuba ophelele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okufanele.

Izivivinyo Zokuqala Zegazi

Ukubalwa kwamagazi okuqediwe (CBC) ngokwahlukaniswa kuvame ukuba yivivinyo lokuqala eliyenziwa. Leli vivinyo legazi lilinganisa inani eliphelele lamaseli amhlophe egazi futhi liqhekeze ukubalwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi.

Udokotela wakho uzokufanisa imiphumela yengane yakho nezilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokweminyaka yabo, njengoba ukubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kuhluka ngokwemvelo njengoba abantwana bekhula bethu.

Ivivinyo Ezikhethekile

Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kusikisela inkinga, udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela leyo ngxaki. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komzimba wokugcina, ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic, noma ukuhlolwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Abanye abantwana bangase badinge ukuhlolwa kwe-bone marrow biopsy, lapho odokotela bethatha isampula encane ye-bone marrow ukuhlola ukuthi amaseli amhlophe egazi enziwa kanjani. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokuphathwa okuhle kokulwa nobuhlungu kanye nokulala.

Ukuhlolwa Okwengeziwe

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akhuthaze izifundo zokwenza izithombe ezifana ne-CT scans noma i-ultrasounds ukuhlola ama-lymph nodes amakhulu noma ezinye izimpawu zezinkinga zomzimba wokugcina. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekwakheni isithombe esiphelele sesimo somntanakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela badinga ukuphinda ukuhlolwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze babone ukuthi inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi lishintsha kanjani noma ukuqapha impendulo ekwelapheni. Lokhu kuqapha okuqhubekayo kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha lezi zimo.

Iyini impilo yokuqapha izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi kubantwana kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lesifo, ubukhulu baso, nokuthi luthinta kanjani impilo yengane yakho. Isizathu sihlala siwukusiza umzimba wokugcina wengane yakho ukuba usebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi uvikela ubunzima.

Imithi eminingi igxile ekusekeleni umzimba wokugcina, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, nokubhekana nesizathu esiyinhloko sesifo uma kungenzeka. Uhlelo lokwelapha lwengane yakho luzokwenziwa ngokukhethekile ngezidingo zayo nesimo sayo.

Ukuvimbela nokuphathwa kokutheleleka

Kubantwana abanamanani amaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kuvame ukuba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha. Lokhu kungafaka i-antibiotics prophylactic, imithi ye-antifungal, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela.

Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, kuvame ukwelashwa ngokuqina kakhulu kunasezinganeni ezinempilo. Udokotela wakho angase alotshe ama-antibiotics aqinile noma ancome ukungena esibhedlela ngezifo ezivamise ukwelashwa ekhaya.

Imithi Yokwandisa Amasosha Omzimba Amhlophe

Ezinye izingane ziyazuza emithini ebizwa ngokuthi ama-growth factors, aququzelela ubukhulu bethambo ukuba likhiqize amasosha omzimba amhlophe amaningi. Lolu hlobo lwemi thi lunikezwa ngokuhlungwa futhi lungasiza ekuqaliseni inani lamasosha omzimba amhlophe emazingeni aphephile.

Eminye imithi ingase isetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaselo omzimba amhlophe noma ukwelapha izimo eziyisisekelo eziqeda ukukhiqizwa kwamaselo omzimba amhlophe. Udokotela wakho uzolugcina ngokucophelela impendulo yengane yakho kulezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa Ngokufakwa Kwe-Immunoglobulin

Izingane ezinazinkinga ezithile zokungabi namandla omzimba zingase zithole ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwe-immunoglobulins (ama-antibodies) ukuze zisize isimiso sabo sokuvikela ukulwa nokutheleleka. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivame ukunikezwa njalo ngenyanga futhi zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka.

Lolu hlobo lwemi thi lunikeza ingane yakho ama-antibodies avela kubanikazi abaphilile, ngokuyisisekelo liyiboleka isivikelo somzimba ngesikhathi isimiso sabo sokuvikela sibuthakathaka noma sisebenzi kahle.

Izinqubo Zokwelapha Ezithuthukile

Ngokuqondene nezifo ezinkulu ezingaphenduli ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kungenzeka ukuthi kucabangelwe izinketho ezinzima. Lokhu kungafaka ukufakwa kwamathambo, i-gene therapy, noma izindlela zokwelapha ezilingayo ezitholakala ngezifundo zezokwelapha.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukile zivame ukugcinelwa izimo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi zenziwa ezikhungweni zezingane ezikhethekile ezinolwazi olukhulu ekwelapheni lezi zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukukhathalela Okusekelayo

Zonke izingane ezinezifo zamasosha omzimba amhlophe ziyazuza ekukhathaleleni okuhle okusekelayo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okufanele, ukugonywa okufanele isimo sabo, nokulandelela ngokucophelela izinkinga.

Iqembu lakho lezeMpilo lizoqamba nani ukuhlela uhlelo oluphelele lokunakekelwa oluqondisa zonke izici zezempilo yengane yakho futhi luyisize ukuba ihlale iphila impilo enhle kakhulu.

Indlela yokunakekela ekhaya ngesikhathi sezifo zamaseli amhlophe ezingane?

Ukukhathalela ingane enesifo samaseli amhlophe ekhaya kuhilela ukwakha indawo ephephile eunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngenkathi ugcina ubuntwana obujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Umkhuba wakho wansuku zonke uzoba nezinye izinyathelo ezikhethekile, kepha izingane eziningi zingasajabulela imisebenzi eminingi evamile.

Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuba oqaphile ngokufanele nokuvumela ingane yakho ukuba iphile impilo egcwele, enelikhaya kubalulekile. Iqembu lakho lezeMpilo lizonika imiyalelo ekhethekile ngokuya ngesimo nsuku zonke lengane yakho.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka Ekhaya

Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kubaluleke nakakhulu lapho ingane yakho inesifo samaseli amhlophe. Qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu endlini ugeza izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela.

Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile kodwa ungabi nenzondo ngakho. Ukuhlanza okuvamile ngemikhiqizo yasekhaya evamile kuvame ukwanele. Gxila ezindaweni ezithintwayo njalo njengezinkinobho zezinyango, izikhiphi zokukhanya, nama-remote controls.

Fundisa ingane yakho ukuba igweme ukuthinta ubuso bayo, ikakhulukazi umlomo, khala, namehlo, njengoba lezi yizindawo ezivamile zokungena kwezifo. Yenza ukugeza izandla kube mnandi ngezingoma noma imidlalo ukuze ukhuthaze ukulandela imiyalo.

Ukulawula Ukudalulwa Esiswini

Kumele uqaphele kakhulu ngokudalula ingane yakho kubantu abagulayo. Lokhu akusho ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele, kodwa kusho ukuba nokuqonda ngezimo zokuxhumana nemisebenzi.

Hlala ekhaya esikoleni, e-daycare, noma emisebenzini lapho ingane yakho ingazweli kahle, ngisho noma inezingxaki ezincane. Futhi uyibeke ekhaya lapho kunokuphazamiseka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kulezi zindawo.

Phakathi nesikhathi sobusika ne-influenza, kungase kudingeke uqaphele kakhulu ngezindawo eziqongelelene noma imicimbi. Udokotela wakho angakusiza unqume ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokuqapha elifanele isimo esithile sengane yakho.

Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuphila Okuhle Jikelele

Ukugcina ukudla okunomsoco kubalulekile ekusekweni isimiso somzimba sengane yakho. Gxila ekunikezeni ukudla okuhlangene okuqukethe izithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni amancane.

Ezinye izingane ezinokuhlupheka kwezeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kudingeka zigweme ukudla okuthile okungase kube nezingozi eziphezulu zokutheleleka, njengenyamasendle noma engahlambiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi engaphansi, noma izithelo nemifino eluhlaza engahlanzwanga.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukulala okwanele futhi ihlale isebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwemingcele ecebiswe yiqembu labo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kokubili ukulala nokuzivocavoca kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokulwa nezifo.

Ukuqapha Nokuthi Ubizela Udokotela Nini

Funda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka engwaneni yakho futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Gcina i-thermometer eseduze bese uhlola ubushushu bomzimba bengane yakho uma ibonakala ingalungi.

Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokuthi nini kufanele ubhale, kodwa ngokuvamile, noma yiluphi ubushushu bomzimba noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kufanele kukhuthaze ukuxhumana ngokushesha neqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Gcina uhlu lwemithi yengane yakho, imiphumela yolawulo lwamuva, nolwazi loxhumano oluphuthumayo olutholakala kalula. Lolu lwazi luzoba usizo uma udinga ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphaphandayo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yedokotela yengane yakho kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi kunoma yiluphi uvakasho futhi ungakhohlwa imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka okubalulekile. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Thola i-aphoyintimenti ngesithombe esicacile sokuthi ingane yakho iye yazizwa kanjani futhi isebenza kanjani kusukela ekuhambeleni kokugcina. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukulandelela intuthuko nokulungisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ngaphambi Kokubonisana Nodokotela

Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu, ukutheleleka, noma ukukhathazeka ngempilo oyibonile kusukela ekubonisana kokugcina. Faka imininingwane mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini, zazinzima kangakanani, nokuthi zaphela isikhathi esingakanani.

Lungisa uhlu lwawo wonke amaphilisi ingane yakho ewaphuza, kufaka phakathi imithamo nokuthi awaphiwa kangaki. Phawula futhi noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma amaphilisi athengiswa ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwelayisensi owasebenzisile.

Butha noma yimaphi amarekhodi avela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo, njengokuvakashela emagumbini okuphuthumayo, ukubonisana nochwepheshe, noma umsebenzi welebhu owenziwe kwenye indawo. Udokotela wakho udinga isithombe esiphelele sokukhathalelwa kwengane yakho kwesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo Okufanele Uyibheke

Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili ukuze ungayikhohlwa ngesikhathi sokubonisana. Gxila ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubomi bangesikhathi sonke bezingane zakho.

Buza mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sengane yakho, ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamanje kusebenza yini njengoba kulindelekile, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngokuqondene nokuthuthuka noma ukubona okubi. Ukuqonda isikhathi nesilinganiso kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka.

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho. Udokotela wakho ufuna uzizwe uqinisekile ngokunakekelwa kwengane yakho nendima yakho ekuphatheni isimo sayo.

Okufanele Ukuzise

Letha amakhadi akho yomshuwalense, uhlu lwamaphilisi akhona, nanoma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo noma imiphumela yokuhlola oyitholile kusukela ekubonisana kokugcina. Letha futhi incwadi noma idivayisi yokuthatha amanothi ngesikhathi sokubonisana.

Uma ingane yakho isikhulile ngokwanele ukuze ihlanganyele engxoxweni, iyikhuthaze ukuthi icabange ngemibuzo engaba nayo ngesimo sayo noma ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuyisiza ukuba izizwe ihilelekile ngokwengeziwe ekunakekelweni kwayo.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngezifo zegazi elimhlophe lezingane?

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi izifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni zingalawuleka futhi zithinta abantwana abaningi abaqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, evamile. Nakuba lezi zifo zidinga ukunakekelwa okqhubekayo kwezokwelapha, ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni kwenze imiphumela ibe ngcono kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okufanele kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni kwengane yakho. Uma ubona izimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ingaba nezingxaki zesimiso sokuvikela umzimba, ungangabazi ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nodokotela wakho wezingane.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantwana abaningi abanezifo zegazi elimhlophe bangaya esikoleni, bahlanganyele emisebenzini, futhi bajabulele okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantwana. Ikhona ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokulawula olusebenza emndenini wakho.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Kunezinto eziningi ezitholakalayo zokusiza imindeni ukuthi iqhubeke nalezi zimo, kufaka phakathi amaqembu wokusekela, izinto zokufunda, namaqembu ezempilo akhethekile anekhono elikhulu ekuqondeni izifo zokuphepha umzimba ezinganeni.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngezifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni

U-1: Ingane yami ingaya esikoleni yinazo izifo zegazi elimhlophe?

Abantwana abaningi abanezifo zegazi elimhlophe bangaya esikoleni ngezindlela ezifanele zokuvikela. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe nesikole ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo olugcina ingane yakho iphephile ngenkathi ivumeleka ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yemfundo.

Abanye abantwana bangadinga ukuhlala ekhaya ngesikhathi sezinhlungu zezifo ezithathelwanayo noma lapho inani legazi elimhlophe liphansi kakhulu. Uthisha wezempilo wesikole nabafundisi kufanele bazi ngesimo sengane yakho nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezikhethekile abangazidinga.

U-2: Ingabe izifo zegazi elimhlophe ezinganeni zithathelwana?

Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ngokwabo akuwona ukutheleleka futhi akunakusabalala kusuka kwingane kwenye. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezinalezi zinkinga zingase zibe sengozini kakhulu yokubamba ukutheleleka kwabanye.

Ukukhathazeka kuvame ukuba ngokuvikela ingane yakho ekuthelelekeni kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi isabalalisa isimo sayo kwabanye. Ingane yakho ayinawo umngciphiqo kubazalwane bayo, abafundi bakayo, noma abangane bayo.

U-Mbuzo 3: Ingane yami ingaqala ukwelashwa impilo yayo yonke?

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ingane yakho elinayo. Ezinye izimo zingezesikhashana futhi ziyaphela ngokwelashwa, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuphathwa okuphila konke.

Izingane eziningi ezinemizimba ehlukile zizodinga ukulandelelwa nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi imithi yansuku zonke noma ukuvakashela rhoqo esibhedlela. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini okulindeleke esimweni esithile sengane yakho.

U-Mbuzo 4: Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kungathinta ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwengane yami?

Izingane eziningi ezinokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi okuqondiswe kahle zikhula futhi zithuthuka ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okuvamile noma ukwelashwa okuthile kungase ngezinye izikhathi kuthinte ukukhula noma izigaba zokuthuthuka.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekela impilo lizoluqapha ngokucophelela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwengane yakho futhi lixazulule noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngokushesha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izingane eziningi zifinyelela ikhono lazo eliphelele lokukhula nokuthuthuka.

U-Mbuzo 5: Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi okwesikhashana nokwaphakade?

Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi okwesikhashana kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, imithi, noma ezinye izimo ezilawuleka futhi ngokuvamile kuyaphela uma imbangela ephambili ixazululwe. Lokhu kungase kuqhubeke amasonto kuya ezinyangeni kodwa ekugcineni kubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ukuphazamiseka okungapheli kuvame ukuba luhlobo oluthile noma kuvela ezimweni ezibangela ukonakala okungapheliyo ohlelweni lokulwa nezifo. Nakuba lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okuningi kungalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa, kuvumela abantwana ukuba baphile impilo enempilo.