Ukuphepha Kwe-Penicillin? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kuwukuthi isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba iphendula kakhulu kuma-antibiotic e-penicillin, ikwelapha leli thuluzi elisebenzayo njengomkhuhlane ongaphephile. Kuyinye ukuphepha okuvamile komuthi, okuthinta abantu abangaba ngu-8-10%, nakuba abaningi abacabanga ukuthi baphephe kakhulu empeleni abaphephile.

Lolu phawu luvela lapho isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba ihlonza ngokungalungile i-penicillin njengoba ingaphephile futhi iqala ukuhlasela. Imiphumela ingaba ukusuka ezimpungusheni ezincane zesikhumba kuya ezinkingeni ezinzima zokuphefumula, kuye ngokuthi umzimba wakho uphendula kanjani.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphepha kwe-penicillin?

Izimpawu zokuphepha kwe-penicillin zivame ukuvela ngaphakathi nehora elilodwa ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Indlela umzimba wakho ophendula ngayo ingahluka kakhulu kusuka kumuntu komunye.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Isiboshwa sesikhumba noma ama-hives abonakala ebomvu, aphakamile, futhi akhazimulayo
• Ukukhula kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umlomo
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhazimula
• Ikhala noma umlomo oqine
• Amehlo amanzi, akhazimulayo
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, noma ukugula kwesisu
• I-diarrhea

Kwezinye izikhathi, i-penicillin ingabangela i-anaphylaxis, isenzo esibi somzimba wonke esiyingozi. Lesi simo esiphuthumayo sihlanganisa izimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula okunzima kakhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nobuthakathaka, ukuqina, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Abanye abantu baphuthuma izimpendulo ezidelelekile ezivela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthatha i-penicillin. Lezi zingaba yinto yokushisa, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, noma izimpendulo zesikhumba ezibanzi ezingathatha isikhathi eside ukulungisa.

Yini ebangela ukuphepha kwe-penicillin?

Ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kuvela lapho isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba ihlonza ngokungalungile i-antibiotic njengengozi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-penicillin ingabopha amaprotheni ohlelweni lwakho, idale lokho isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba elibona njengomkhuhlane wangaphandle.

Isikhathi sokuqala uthatha i-penicillin, isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba ingaba nokuqaphela ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu ezicacile. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakho udala ama-antibodies aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukulwa ne-penicillin.

Uma uthatha i-penicillin futhi, la ma-antibodies ayabona ngokushesha futhi abangele ukuphepha. Isistimu yakho yokukhulula imizimba ikhipha izinto ezifana ne-histamine, ebangela izimpawu ozibona.

I-genetics idlala indima ekuqondeni ukuthi ubani ophepha i-penicillin. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwana bakho banokuphepha komuthi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uzophumela, nakuba ngeke ube nokuphepha okufanayo.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela ngokuphepha kwe-penicillin?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nokuphefumula okunzima, ukukhula kobuso noma umlomo, noma izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Lezi zimo zidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo futhi zingaba yingozi.

Shaya u-911 noma uhambe egumbini lokuphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, uzizwa uqina noma uthambile, uthola ama-hives omzimba wonke, noma uqaphela izindebe zakho noma ulimi lukhula kakhulu.

Ngezimpawu ezincane ezifana nezimpungushe zesikhumba noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, xhumana nodokotela wakho phakathi namahora angu-24. Bangakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto yokuphepha kwe-penicillin futhi balungise ukwelashwa kwakho ngokufanele.

Ngisho noma uke waba nezimpendulo ezincane ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpendulo zokuphepha zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokubeka okuphindaphindwayo, ngakho iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lidinga ukwazi nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezidlule.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuphepheni kwe-penicillin?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuba nokuphepha kwe-penicillin, nakuba noma ubani angaba nale mpendulo. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaholela ekuphepheni kuzokusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukwenza izinqumo ezilungile mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-antibiotic.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezingakubeka engozini enkulu:

• Umlando womndeni wokuphepha komuthi noma ukuphepha kwe-penicillin ngokukhethekile
• Umlando wokuphepha okunye, ikakhulukazi kumithi
• Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile noma okuphindaphindwayo kwama-antibiotic e-penicillin
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezifana ne-HIV noma i-cystic fibrosis
• Ubudala (abadala bahlangabezana nokuphepha komuthi kaningi kunabantwana)
• Izimpendulo zokuphepha ezidlule kunoma yimiphi imithi

Ukuba nalezi zici ezingaholela ekuphepheni akusho ukuthi uzoba nokuphepha kwe-penicillin. Abantu abaningi abanezinye izici ezingaholela ekuphepheni abanawo amaphutha, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezicacile ezingaholela ekuphepheni bangaba nezimpendulo.

Udokotela wakho uzocubungula lezi zici lapho ebhala ama-antibiotic, kodwa ngeke aziqede i-penicillin ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle uma une-allergy eqinisekisiwe noma uke waba nezimpendulo ezidlule.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuphepha kwe-penicillin?

Inhlanganisela ebucayi kakhulu yokuphepha kwe-penicillin yi-anaphylaxis, isenzo esibi somzimba wonke esingabulala uma singelashwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abane-allergies ze-penicillin, kodwa yiyona sizathu sokuba ukuphepha komuthi kuthathwe ngokungathi sína.

Phakathi ne-anaphylaxis, ukucindezela kwegazi lakho kungawa phansi kakhulu, izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zingakhula, futhi izinga lenhliziyo yakho lingaba yingxabano. Lesi simo esiphuthumayo sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha nge-epinephrine nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Enye inhlanganisela ebalulekile ukuba nezinketho ezimbalwa ze-antibiotic ngezifo ezizayo. I-penicillin nama-antibiotic ahlobene nawo ngokuvamile yi-first choice yezifo eziningi ezivamile ngoba asebenza kahle futhi aphephile ngokuvamile.

Uma ungasebenzisi i-penicillin, udokotela wakho angadinga ukubhala ama-antibiotic ahlukile angase abe nomphumela omncane, abize kakhulu, noma abe nemiphumela emibi eminingi. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungadala isikhathi eside sokwelashwa noma ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha okunzima.

Abanye abantu baphuthuma ukukhathazeka ngokuthatha imithi ngemuva kokuba behlangabezana nokuphepha. Lolu thonya lwengqondo luyinto yangempela futhi lungathinta ukuzimisela kwakho ukwenza ukwelashwa okudingekayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonzwa kokuphepha kwe-penicillin kuqala ngodokotela wakho othatha umlando ophelele wezimpawu zakho nokuthi zenzeke nini. Bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzeke ini ngempela, isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuthatha i-penicillin izimpawu zakho ezivela, nokuthi zazinzima kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho uzokuhlanganisa ngohlobo oluthile lwe-penicillin oyithathile, eminye imithi obuyisebenzisa, nokuthi uke waba nezimpendulo ezifanayo kweminye imithi. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphepha kwakho kwakuwumphendulo wokuphepha yini.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-penicillin. Ngalesi sihloko, izilinganiso ezincane ze-penicillin zifakwa esikhuneni sakho usebenzisa izipikili ezincane noma ukugcoba. Uma une-allergy, uzokhula i-bump ephezulu noma ubomvu endaweni yokuhlola.

Izivivinyo zegazi ngezinye izikhathi zingasiza, kodwa azithembeki njengezivivinyo zesikhumba zokuphepha kwe-penicillin. Lezi zivivinyo zibheka ama-antibodies athile egazini lakho aphendula kwi-penicillin.

Kwezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angakuncoma inselele yomuthi ebhekwe, lapho uthatha izilinganiso ezincane ze-penicillin ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela lapho ukuhlonzwa kungaqiniseki futhi izinzuzo zidlula izingozi.

Ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwe-penicillin kuyini?

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kokuphepha kwe-penicillin ukugwema i-penicillin nama-antibiotic ahlobene nayo. Udokotela wakho uzobhala ama-antibiotic ahlukile aphephile ukuwasebenzisa lapho udinga ukwelashwa ngezifo zamabhaktheriya.

Uma uthatha i-penicillin ngephutha futhi uthola izimpawu ezincane, ama-antihistamines afana ne-Benadryl angasiza ukunciphisa ukukhazimula, izimpungushe, nezinye izimpendulo zokuphepha. Udokotela wakho angase abhale ama-corticosteroids ngezimpendulo zesikhumba ezinkulu.

Ngezimpendulo ezinkulu noma i-anaphylaxis, uzodinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo okusheshayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcoba kwe-epinephrine, amanzi e-intravenous, i-oksijini, neminye imithi yokulinganisa ukucindezela kwegazi nokuphefumula kwakho.

Uma uke waba nezimpendulo ezinkulu, udokotela wakho angase abhale i-epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) ukuze uyithwale. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba welaphe i-anaphylaxis ngokushesha uma uhlangana ne-penicillin futhi.

Abanye abantu abane-allergies ze-penicillin bangaba abakhethiwe be-desensitization, inqubo lapho uthola khona izilinganiso ezikhulayo ze-penicillin ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho i-penicillin idingeka kakhulu ekwelapheni isifo esinzima.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuphepha kwe-penicillin ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuphepha kwe-penicillin ekhaya kugxile ekunqobeni nokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ohilelekile ekunakekelweni kwakho kwezempilo uyakwazi ngokuphepha kwakho.

Tshela odokotela, abazobulali amazinyo, abathengisi bemithi, nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo ngokuphepha kwakho kwe-penicillin ngaphambi kokuthola noma yikuphi ukwelashwa. Cabanga ngokugqoka ibhulukwe lokuqapha kwezokwelapha noma uthwale ikhadi esiqulwini sakho elibhala ngokuphepha kwakho komuthi.

Funda ama-lebeli emithi ngokucophelela futhi ubuze umthengisi wemithi yakho mayelana nanoma yimiphi imithi emisha. Eminye imithi iqukethe i-penicillin noma izinto ezihlobene nayo ezingase zingabonakali ebizweni kuphela.

Uma udokotela wakho ekubhalile i-epinephrine auto-injector, funda indlela yokuyisebenzisa kahle futhi uyigcine nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi amalungu omndeni nabangane abasondelene nawe bayazi ukuthi ikuphi nokuthi bayisebenzise kanjani uma kukhona isimo esiphuthumayo.

Gcina ama-antihistamines afana ne-Benadryl esandleni ngezimpendulo ezincane, kodwa khumbula ukuthi lezi ngeke zikusize ngezimpendulo ezinkulu ezifana ne-anaphylaxis. Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngezimpawu ezinkulu, ngisho noma usebenzise i-epinephrine yakho injector.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi ukuthi kwenzeke ini lapho uhlangabezana nokuphepha kwakho. Faka imininingwane ngesikhathi, izimpawu, nokuthi zithathe isikhathi esingakanani. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukuhlonzwa okuchaneka.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke obuyithathile lapho ukuphepha kwenzeka, kuhlanganise imithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle komthetho nama-supplements. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpendulo zingabangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemithi kunokuba kube yinto yokuphepha yangempela.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nama-antibiotic ahlukile ongawasebenzisa ngokuphephile nokuthi yini okumele uyenzani uma udinga ukwelashwa ngezifo ezinkulu. Buza ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-allergy nokuthi kufanele uthwale imithi yokuphuthuma yini.

Letha noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo adlule ahlobene nezimpendulo zakho zokuphepha, kuhlanganise ukuvakasha egumbini lokuphuthumayo noma ukuhlala esibhedlela. Lolu lwazi lunganikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nobunzima nobukhulu bezimpendulo zakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ongakusize ukukhumbula ulwazi oluqakathekile nokubuza imibuzo ongayikhohlwa. Bangakusiza futhi ukuba ube ngumkhulumeli wakho uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuxoxa ngokuphepha kwakho.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuphepha kwe-penicillin?

Ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kuyisimo esinzima kodwa esilawuleka esidinga ukunakekelwa okucophelelayo nokuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Nakuba kungaba ukukhathazeka ukuba nezinketho ezimbalwa ze-antibiotic, kunezinto eziningi ezisebenza kahle ezitholakalayo zokwelapha izifo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo bayazi ngokuphepha kwakho. Lesi sinyathelo silula sivikela ukubonisana ngephutha futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okuphephile nokufanele kunoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nokuphepha kwe-penicillin akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhle. Odokotela bakho bangasebenza nawe ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenza kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo ongazihlangabezana nazo.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nokuphepha kwe-penicillin ngokusekelwe ezimpendulweni zakho zedlule, xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa okuqondile. Ngezinye izikhathi lokho okuhlala njengokuphepha kungaba yimiphumela emibi noma impendulo kwenye into.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuphepha kwe-penicillin

Ingabe ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kungaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Yebo, ukuphepha kwe-penicillin kungaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabanye abantu. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-80% abane-allergies ze-penicillin bazolahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwabo ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokugwema umuthi. Noma kunjalo, akufanele uvivinye lokhu wedwa. Sebenzani nodokotela wakho futhi ucabange ngokuvivinywa kwe-allergy okusemthethweni uma ucabanga ukuthi ukuphepha kwakho kungase kuphele.

Ingabe i-amoxicillin ne-penicillin zifana ngenjongo yokuphepha?

I-Amoxicillin ivela emndenini ofana ne-penicillin, ngakho uma une-allergy kwi-penicillin, kufanele ugweme i-amoxicillin futhi. Lokhu futhi kuhambisana nama-antibiotic ahlobene afana ne-ampicillin ne-methicillin. Udokotela wakho uzoqonda ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic aphephile futhi yimaphi okumele uwagweme.

Ngingathatha i-penicillin uma ngibe nempendulo encane eminyakeni edlule?

Akufanele uthathe i-penicillin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma impendulo yakho yangaphambili yayincane. Izimpendulo zokuphepha ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokubeka okuphindaphindwayo. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kwe-allergy ukuqonda ukuthi usaphepha yini nokuthi kuphephile yini ukusebenzisa i-penicillin futhi.

Yimaphi ama-antibiotic aphephile uma ngiphepha i-penicillin?

Kunezinto eziningi eziphephile ezitholakalayo, kuhlanganise i-azithromycin, i-ciprofloxacin, i-doxycycline, ne-clindamycin, phakathi kwabanye. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha into engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esifweni sakho esithile nomlando wezokwelapha. Okubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo liyakwazi ngokuphepha kwakho ukuze likwazi ukubhala ezinye izinto ezifanele.

Ingabe abantwana bami kufanele bagweme i-penicillin uma ngiphepha yona?

Akunjalo ngempela. Nakuba ukuphepha komuthi kungagijima emindenini, abantwana bakho ngeke bazuze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphepha kwakho kwe-penicillin. Noma kunjalo, kufanele utshele udokotela wabo ngokuphepha kwakho ukuze bakwazi ukubuka noma yiziphi izimpawu zezimpendulo. Isistimu yokukhulula imizimba yomuntu ngamunye iyahluka, ngakho abantwana bakho bangase bakwazi ukusebenzisa i-penicillin ngokuphephile ngisho noma ungakwazi.