Ukuqalekwa Yizilwane Ezifuywayo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kwenzeka lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba siphendula kumaprotheni atholakala ezicaphukweni zesikhumba sesilwane, umalume, noma umchamo. Umzimba wakho uqaphela ngokungalungile la maprotheni angenangozi njengabaphangi abanobungozi futhi uqala ukuhlasela, kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokukhipha, amehlo akhubekile, noma isikhumba esikhubekile.

Lesi simo sithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi awuwedwa uma uthanda izilwane kepha ulwa nokuqalekwa lapho usendaweni yazo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kuphatheka kakhulu ngendlela efanele kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Izimpawu zokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukuvela ngemizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokubekwa esilwaneni. Ukusebenza komzimba wakho kungaba kusuka ekuhluphekeni okuncane kuya ezimpawu ezibonakalayo eziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Nawa ama-symptom avamile ongawabona:

• Ukukhipha nokugobhoza noma ukungcola kwempumulo
• Amehlo akhubekile, abomvu, noma amanzi
• Ukukhokha noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba, ama-hives, noma ukukhubeka kwe-eczema
• Intamo ekhubekile noma ophahla lomlomo wakho
• Uxinzelelo nobuhlungu ebusweni
• Ukuphaphama njalo ngenxa yokukhokha noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile ezifana nokuhlunguluka kwekhanda, ukukhathala, noma ubunzima bokuqonda. Uma une-asthma, ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kungase kubangele izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima ezifaka phakathi ukubopha kwesifuba nokuphefumula okunzima.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ukuqalekwa okunzima yizilwane ezifuywayo kungabangela i-anaphylaxis, ukusebenza okubulalayo okudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka ama-hives ahlanganisiwe, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Ziyini izimbangela zokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kubangelwa amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi yi-allergens aveliswa ngokwemvelo izilwane. La maprotheni atholakala edander yesilwane (izicucu ezincane zesikhumba esifile), umalume, umchamo, nezinye izinto eziveliswayo zomzimba.

Uma uphefumula noma uthinta la ma-allergens, isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba siqaphela ngokungalungile njengezinto eziyingozi. Umzimba wakho ube usenza ama-antibodies abizwa ngokuthi yi-immunoglobulin E (IgE) futhi ukhulula izinto ezifana ne-histamine ukuze ulwe nalokho okukholelwa ukuthi kuyisongo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo zifaka:

• Ama-allergens e-cat (i-Fel d 1 protein) - atholakala esikhumbeni, umalume, nomchamo
• Ama-allergens ezinja (amaprotheni e-Can f 1 ne-Can f 2) - atholakala edander, umalume, nomchamo
• Ama-allergens ezinyoni - atholakala ezimpahleni, emathuneni, nase-dander
• Ama-allergens ezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo ezivela ezinqwanqwaneni, ezinqwanqwaneni, ezinqwanqwaneni zaseGuinea, nasempahleni
• Ama-allergens ama-horse - atholakala ezinwele, edander, nasemalumini

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ayikho into yangempela "engabonakali" yesilwane, nakuba ezinye izilwane zivelise ama-allergens ambalwa kunabanye. Ngisho ne-cats nezinja ezingenazo izinwele zisavela amaprotheni abangela ukuqalekwa.

Ama-allergens ezilwane ezifuywayo mancane kakhulu futhi anamathele, okusho ukuthi angahamba emoyeni amahora amaningi futhi anamathele efenisha, ezingutsheni, nasezindongeni. Kungakho ungaba nezimpawu ngisho nasemakhaya lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zingaphili khona.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba okuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba kungakusiza ukuphatha kangcono ukubonakaliswa kwakho nezimpawu.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise amathuba zifaka:

• Umlando womndeni wokuqalekwa noma i-asthma
• Ukuba nokuqalekwa okunye njenge-hay fever noma ukuqalekwa kokudla
• Ukubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo ebuntwaneni
• Ukuhlala nezilwane ezifuywayo isikhathi eside
• Ukuba ne-asthma noma ezinye izimo zokuphefumula
• Iminyaka (abantwana banamathuba amaningi okuqala ukuqalekwa)

Ucwaningo oluthile lusikisela ukuthi ukubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo ekuqaleni kakhulu kokuphila kungase kuvikele ekuqaleni kokuba nokuqalekwa kamuva. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusebenzi kubo bonke, futhi i-genetics isadlala indima enkulu ekuqondeni ukuthi ubani ozoba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma izimpawu zokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo zihlupha impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma ubuthongo. Izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingaphuli ngemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Hlela i-appointment uma uhlangabezana nokuqina kwempumulo okuqhubekayo, ukutheleleka kwesinuses okuvamile, noma izimpawu ze-asthma ezimbi ngezilwane ezifuywayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo yizona yini isizathu futhi ancoma izinketho zokwelapha ezifanele.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uthola izimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nobunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhathala, noma ama-hives ahlanganisiwe ngemuva kokubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis, edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Nakuba ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kuvame ukuphatheka, kungase kube nezinkinga zezempilo ezinzima uma kungaphathwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kuzokusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela impilo yakho.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwesinuses okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokuqina kwempumulo okuqhubekayo
• Ukuhlupheka kokulala ngenxa yokukhokha noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya ebusuku
• Izimpawu ze-asthma ezimbi kakhulu nodinga imithi eminingi
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe kusuka ezinuses ezivaliwe
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo ngenxa yekhwalithi yobunono obuphansi
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba ngenxa yokukroba i-eczema noma ama-hives

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abantu abanawo ukuqalekwa okunzima yizilwane ezifuywayo bangase baqale i-asthma ebangelwa ukuqalekwa, lapho ukubonakaliswa yi-allergens yezilwane ezifuywayo kubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima. Lesi simo sidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nalokho okuthiwa yi- "allergic march," lapho ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo okungaphathwanga kuholela ekuqaleni kokuba nokuqalekwa okunye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwelashwa ekuqaleni kungasiza ukuvimbela lokhu kuqhubeka.

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukunqunywa kokuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kuvame ukufaka umlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komzimba, kanye nezivivinyo zokuqalekwa ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi zenzeka nini.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokunqunywa zifaka izivivinyo zokubeka isikhumba, lapho izinani ezincane ze-allergens yezilwane ezifuywayo zibekwa esikhumbeni sakho ukuze ubone ukuthi uyaphendula yini. Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zilinganise amazinga akho e-IgE antibody kumaprotheni athile ezilwane ezifuywayo.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze ukugcina idayari yesimpawu ukuze uqaphele ukuthi izimpawu zakho zenzeka nini futhi kuphi. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda izimo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo yizona yini isizathu sezimo zakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kokususwa kuwusizo lapho ugwema ukubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo amasonto ambalwa ukuze ubone ukuthi izimpawu ziphucuka yini. Lendlela yokusebenza inganikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezinto ezibangela izimpawu zakho.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Ukwelashwa kokuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kugxila ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Indlela ephumelelayo ivame ukufaka ukugwema ama-allergens ngemithi efanele uma kudingeka.

Izinketho zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka:

• Ama-antihistamines ukuze unciphise ukukhipha, ukukroba, nokugobhoza kwempumulo
• Ukusabalalisa kwe-nasal corticosteroid ukuze kunciphise ukuqina nokukhubeka
• Ama-decongestants ukuze unciphise ukungcola kwempumulo okwesikhashana
• Ama-eye drops amehlo akhubekile, amanzi
• Imithi ye-asthma uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Iziqephu zokuqalekwa (i-immunotherapy) ukuze kuphathwe isikhathi eside

Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuqala ngama-antihistamines okungenzeka ukuwathenga kanye nokufaka imithi yempumulo. Uma lokhu kungakuniki ukukhululeka okwanele, imithi yokwelapha noma iziqephu zokuqalekwa kungase kudingeke.

I-immunotherapy ifaka ukuthola iziqephu ezivamile zezinani ezincane ze-allergens yezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kancane kancane wakhe ukubekezelela kwakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kuthatha isikhathi kepha kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusabela kwakho ezilwaneni ezifuywayo eminyakeni eminingi.

Ungaphatha kanjani ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya kuhilela ukwakha indawo eunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kuma-allergens. Ukushintsha okuncane emikhwenyeni yakho yansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Nawa amanyathelo awusizo ongawathatha:

• Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo zingena emakamelweni okulala futhi zingena efenisha
• Sebenzisa ama-air purifiers aphezulu nge-HEPA filters
• Geza izandla ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthinta izilwane ezifuywayo
• Yenza omunye umuntu ahlanze futhi ageze izilwane ezifuywayo njalo
• Susa ama-carpets futhi usebenzise uflooring oluqinile uma kungenzeka
• Geza imibhede nama-curtains emanzini ashisayo masonto onke
• Sula njalo nge-HEPA filter vacuum

Uma uvakashela amakhaya anezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuthatha i-antihistamine ngaphambi kokwenza njalo kungasiza ukuvimbela izimpawu. Ukugeza nokushintsha izingubo ngemuva kokubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo futhi kususa ama-allergens esikhumbeni nasezinwele zakho.

Cabanga ukunquma izindawo ezithile zekhaya lakho njengezindawo ezingenazo izilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulu ikamelo lakho lokuphumula. Lokhu kuzokunika indawo ephephile yokuphumula lapho izimpawu zikhula.

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo akuvamile, ikakhulu uma une-genetic predisposition. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho nokunciphise ubukhulu besimpawu.

Iqhinga eliphumelelayo lokuvimbela ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa yizilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulu ebuntwaneni lapho ukuqalekwa kuvame ukuqala khona. Uma ucabanga ukuthola isilwane esifuywayo, chitha isikhathi nesilwane esithile kuqala ukuze ubone ukuthi uyaphendula kanjani.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile noma izilwane ezithile zibangela izimpawu ezincane, nakuba lokhu kuhluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlanza njalo nokulondoloza ikhwalithi yomoya omuhle ngaphakathi endlini kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni amazinga e-allergen ekhaya lakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kuzokusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunqunywa okuchane kakhulu kanye nenkombandlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nezimpawu zakho nezinto ezingase zibangele.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zenzeka nini, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi yini ebonakala iyibangela. Qaphela noma iyiphi imithi oyizamele nokuthi ikusiza yini noma ibingela imiphumela emibi.

Letha uhlu lwezilwane ezifuywayo zonke ozibonakalise, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo nesikhathi eside uchitha naso. Khumbula futhi noma yimuphi umlando womndeni wokuqalekwa noma i-asthma, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda izinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba akho.

Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukuthatha ama-antihistamines izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokuba nokuqalekwa, njengoba angaphazamisa imiphumela. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ethile mayelana nemithi okufanele uyigweme nokuthi isikhathi eside.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo?

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kuyisimo esivamile kepha esiphatheka kakhulu esingakuvimbeli ekujabuleleni impilo. Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwemithi, imithi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-immunotherapy, abantu abaningi bangalawula izimpawu zabo ngempumelelo.

Okubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze wakhe inkombandlela yokwelapha ehambisana nendlela yakho yokuphila nobukhulu besimpawu. Ungashiyi ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kungaphathwa, njengoba ukungenelela ekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo akusho ukuthi awusoze ube eduze kwezilwane. Abantu abaningi baphatha ngempumelelo isimo sabo ngenkathi bajabulela ubuhlobo nezilwane ezifuywayo ngokuhlela ngokucophelela nokuphathwa okuhle.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo

Ungaqala yini ukuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kamuva ekuphileni?

Yebo, ungaqala ukuba nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, ngisho noma ubelokhu uhlala nezilwane impilo yakho yonke ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo okuqala ebuntwini kuvame kakhulu futhi kungase kuqale kancane kancane noma kuvele ngokushesha ngemuva kokubonakaliswa isikhathi eside izilwane ezifuywayo.

Ingabe ezinye izilwane azibangeli ukuqalekwa?

Alikho isilwane esingabonakali ngokuphelele, kepha ezinye izilwane zivelise ama-allergens ambalwa kunabanye. Ama-poodles, izinhlobo ezithile ze-cats, nezinye izinja ezincane zingase zibangele izimpawu ezincane, kepha ukusabela komuntu ngamunye kuhluka kakhulu. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa isikhathi nesilwane esithile ngaphambi kokusiletha ekhaya.

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kungabangela i-asthma?

Ukuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo kungase kubangele izimpawu ze-asthma kubantu abasenesimo, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nomthelela ekuqaleni kwe-asthma ebangelwa ukuqalekwa. Uma uhlangabezana nokukhwehlela, ukubopha kwesifuba, noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya eduze kwezilwane ezifuywayo, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ukuze uhlolwe kahle futhi uthole ukwelashwa.

Isikhathi eside ama-allergens ezilwane ezifuywayo ahlala isikhathi esingakanani endlini?

Ama-allergens ezilwane ezifuywayo angahlala emakhaya izinyanga noma iminyaka ngisho nangemuva kokuba isilwane esifuywayo singasekho. La maprotheni anamathele anamathele efenisha, ama-carpets, nasezindongeni, futhi angahlala emoyeni amahora amaningi. Ukuhlanza okujulile, ukushintsha ama-carpets, nokusebenzisa ama-air purifiers kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amazinga e-allergen ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungakha yini ukumelana nokuqalekwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ngokwemvelo?

Nakuba abanye abantu bebika ukuthi izimpawu zabo ziphucuka ngokubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo, lokhu akukho ngokuthembekile noma kunconywe njengendlela yokwelapha. Ukubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphathwa okuhle kungase kube yimbangela yokwanda kokuba nokuqalekwa kubantu abaningi. I-immunotherapy yezokwelapha iyindlela ephephile, ephumelelayo yokwakha ukubekezelela kuma-allergens ezilwane ezifuywayo.