Ukuqothuka kwe-Placenta: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kwenzeka lapho i-placenta ihlukaniswa odongeni lwesisu ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana wakho. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungaba yingxenye noma okuphelele, futhi kuyinye yalezo zinkinga zokukhulelwa ezibukeka zesabekayo kunokuba kudingeka uma uqonda ukuthi kwenzekani.

Cabanga nge-placenta njengumphefumulo womntwana wakho phakathi kokukhulelwa. Ihlinzeka nge-oksijini kanye nezondlo ngenkathi isusa imikhiqizo yokuqothuka. Uma ihlukaniswa ngokushesha, ingathinta wena nomntwana wakho, kodwa ukwazi izimpawu nokufumana ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Isici esivamile kakhulu ukopha okungaphandle, kodwa ukuqothuka kwe-placenta akuhlale kuzibonakalisi ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke abesifazane. Abanye abesifazane baba nezimpawu ezicacile, kanti abanye bangaba nezibonakaliso ezincane ezikhula kancane kancane.

Nazi izimpawu okufanele uzilandele:

• Ukopha okungaphandle okungaba ukopha okuncane kuya ekopha okukhulu
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukubamba okubukeka kuhlukile kunokungakhululeki okuvamile kokukhulelwa
• Ubuhlungu emuva obuhlala njalo futhi abuyeki ngokushintsha isikhundla
• Ukuthambile kwesisu uma ucindezela esiswini sakho
• Ukubamba kwesisu okusheshayo okuza eduze ndawonye
• Umncintiswakho uya kancane kunokujwayelekile noma ukushintsha emizameni yokunyakaza

Ngezinye izikhathi ukopha kuhlala kufihliwe esiswini sakho, okuyikho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "ukuqothuka okufihliwe." Kulezi zimo, ungase ungaboni ukopha okungaphandle kodwa usengaba nobuhlungu, ukuthambile, noma ukushintsha kwendlela umntwana wakho asabela ngayo.

Ubunzima bezimpawu ngokuvamile buhlobene nokuthi yingakanani i-placenta ehlukanisiwe. Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kungabangela izimpawu ezilula, kanti okukhulu kungadala ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokopha okudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuqothuka kwe-placenta ngokusekelwe ekutheni ukuhlukaniswa kubi kangakanani nokuthi kwenzeka kuphi. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane abahlukene.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqothuka okungaphelele: Ingxenye nje ye-placenta ihlukaniswa odongeni lwesisu
• Ukuqothuka okuphelele: I-placenta yonke ihlukaniswa, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha
• Ukuqothuka okungaseceleni: Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka ngasemphethelweni ye-placenta
• Ukuqothuka okusemphakathini: Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka endaweni ephakathi kwe-placenta

Odokotela futhi bahlukanisa ukuqothuka njenge "okubonakalayo" lapho ungabona ukopha, noma "okufifiwe" lapho igazi livalelwe ngemuva kwe-placenta. Ukuqothuka okufihliwe kungase kube nzima ukuqonda ngoba isici esicacile sokopha asibonakali.

Izinga lokuqothuka liya kusuka kokulula (Izinga 1) kuya kokukhulu (Izinga 3), ngalinye izinga libonisa ukuthi yingakanani i-placenta ehlukanisiwe nokuthi ikuthinta kanjani wena nomntwana wakho.

Yini ebangela ukuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Imbangela eqondile yokuqothuka kwe-placenta ngokuvamile ihlala ingaziwa, kodwa izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba okuthi kwenzeke. Umzimba wakho nezimo zokukhulelwa yakho yenza indawo eyingxube-xube lapho imibono eminingi ingase ihlanganyele khona.

Izici ezivame ukubangela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphindwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuphindwa kwegazi okuhlala njalo
• Ukulimala esiswini sakho okuvela ekuwa, ezingozi zezimoto, noma ekuthinteni komzimba
• Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta ngaphambili ezikhulelweni zangaphambili
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Iingxaki zokugqwala kwegazi ezihlobene nendlela igazi lakho eligeleza ngayo
• Ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kwamanzi okuzala (oligohydramnios)
• Ukukhulelwa okuningi njengezintathu noma izintathu

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezingenzeka zihlanganisa izimo zezokwelapha ezithile njengesihlalo, isifo sokugula, noma izifo zokuziphatha komzimba. Iminyaka yokuqala yomzali (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-35) nokuhlala ukhulelwe izikhathi eziningi kungase futhi kuhlanganyele.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesici esicacile, okuthinta uma ufuna izimpendulo. Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi iningi lalezi zici liphezu kolawulo lwakho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Ukopha okungaphandle kunini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele kunakekelwe ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nobuhlungu noma ukubamba. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyahamba zizilungisa zodwa, njengoba ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungase kuqhubeke ngokushesha.

Shaya udokotela wakho noma uye endlini yokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Inani elithile lokopha okungaphandle ngemuva kwamasonto angu-20 okukhulelwa
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma emuva obukhulu obungapheli
• Isisu sakho sizizwa silukhuni noma silithambile uma ulithinta
• Ukubamba okuza njalo noma ngokuqhubekayo
• Umncintiswakho uya kancane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuzizwa ukhuluphuka, ubuthakathaka, noma njengoba ungase udle

Ngisho noma awuqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlolwa. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangathanda kakhulu ukukubona ngenxa yesaziso esingalungile kunokungaphoswa into ebalulekile.

Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho nomntwana wakho. Uma kukhona okubukeka kuhlukile noma okungalungile, lokho kwanele isizathu sokuya kudokotela ngokushesha.

Ziyini izici ezingandisa amathuba okuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba okuhlangabezana nokuqothuka kwe-placenta, nakuba ukuba nezici ezingandisa amathuba akusho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kuwe. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba liqaphele izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingandisa amathuba zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta ngaphambili, okwandisa amathuba ezikhulelweni ezizayo
• Ukuphindwa kwegazi ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 noma ukuba mncintiswakhe (ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20)
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingamthetho, ikakhulukazi i-cocaine
• Ukuba nabantwana abaningi (izintathu, izintathu, njll.)
• Iingxaki zokugqwala kwegazi noma ukusebenzisa imithi yokuncipha kwegazi
• Isihlalo noma isifo sokugula
• Ukuba nezikhulelwa eziningi kunesine

Ezinye izinkinga zokukhulelwa futhi zikhuphula amathuba, kuhlanganise i-preeclampsia, ukuqhekeka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwama-membranes, kanye nezifo esiswini. Ukulimala komzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngisho nakwizenzakalo ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangele ukuqothuka.

Izici ezingavamile ezingandisa amathuba zihlanganisa ukuba nomgogodla omfushane, izimo zezakhiwo ezihlobene nokugqwala kwegazi, kanye nezinye izifo zokuziphatha komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela eduze uma unezinye zalezi zici ezingandisa amathuba.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungadala izinkinga kuwe nomntwana wakho, kodwa ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka. Ubunzima bezinkinga ngokuvamile buya ngokuthi yingakanani i-placenta ehlukanisiwe nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini.

Izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kumntwana wakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukuncipha kwe-oksijini kanye nezondlo okuholela ezinkingeni zokukhula
• Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi uma ukulethwa kudingeka
• Ukuzalwa okuncane ngenxa yokungabi nazondlo ezanele
• Iingxaki zokuphefumula uma uzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ezimeni ezinzima, ukulimala ebuchosheni ngenxa yokushoda kwe-oksijini

Izinkinga ezingase zikuthinte zihlanganisa:

• Ukopha okukhulu okungase kudinge ukufakwa kwegazi
• Iingxaki zokugqwala kwegazi (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
• Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi
• Ukulethwa okusheshayo nge-cesarean
• Amathuba andisiwe okuqothuka ezikhulelweni ezizayo

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukushokoka ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi futhi, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukudingeka kokuhlinzwa kwesisu ukulawula ukopha. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwamanje nokungenelela okusheshayo, abesifazane abaningi nabantwana bayaphila kahle ngisho nasemuva kokuba behlangane nokuqothuka kwe-placenta.

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kunqunywa ngokuhlanganisa izimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba kanye nezivivinyo zezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokulalela ukukhathazeka kwakho nokukuhlola ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola isisu sakho nokulinganisa ukopha
• I-ultrasound ukubuka i-placenta yakho nesimo somntwana wakho
• Ukulandelela izinga lenhliziyo yomntwana wakho ngezimpawu zokucindezeleka
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola i-anemia kanye neengxaki zokugqwala kwegazi
• Ukubheka ukucindezeleka kwegazi lakho kanye nezibonakaliso ezibalulekile

I-ultrasound ayibonisi njalo ukuqothuka kwe-placenta ngokucacile, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okuqala noma ngokuhlukaniswa okuncane. Udokotela wakho angase akuqonde ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nasemiphumeleni yomzimba ngisho noma i-ultrasound ibukeka ilula.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqonda kuyaqondakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokulethwa lapho odokotela bekhona ukubona indawo ehlukanisiwe ye-placenta. Kungakho iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ligxila ekuqondeni wena nomntwana wakho eduze kunokuthembela kuphela emiphumeleni yezivivinyo.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Ukwelashwa kokuqothuka kwe-placenta kuncike ezintweni eziningi kuhlanganise ukuthi ukhulelwe isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kubi kangakanani, nokuthi wena nomntwana wakho niyaphila kanjani. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza uhlelo oluqondisa ukuphepha kwakho kanye nempilo yomntwana wakho.

Ezimeni ezilula ngezimpawu ezincane:

• Ukulandelela esibhedlela ukubuka izinguquko esimweni sakho
• Ukuphumula embhedeni ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwi-placenta
• Ukulandelela njalo izinga lenhliziyo yomntwana wakho
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukulandelela isimo sakho sempilo
• Ukudubula kwe-steroid uma usesontweni phakathi kwamasonto angu-24-34 ukusiza amaphaphu omntwana wakho akhule

Ezimeni ezimaphakathi kuya kwezinzima, ukwelashwa kuba okusheshayo:

• Ukulethwa okusheshayo, ngokuvamile nge-cesarean section
• Amanzi e-IV kanye mhlawumbe ukufakwa kwegazi ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi
• Imithi yokusiza ukulawula ukopha
• Ukulandelela okukhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo ekhethekile
• Ukukhathalelwa kwe-NICU kumntwana wakho uma ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Isikhathi sokulethwa sincike esigabeni sokukhulelwa kwakho nokuthi ukuqothuka kubi kangakanani. Uma ususeduze nesikhathi futhi wena nomntwana wakho niyaphila kahle, udokotela wakho angase azama ukukulethela ngokwemvelo. Noma kunjalo, ukulethwa okusheshayo nge-cesarean section ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuvikela nina bobabili.

Ungayiphatha kanjani inakekelo ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Ukukhathalelwa ekhaya kufanele kuphele kuphela ezimeni ezilula kakhulu lapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi kuphephile, futhi ngisho nalapho, uzodinga ukulandelela njalo kwezokwelapha. Iningi lezimbangela zokuqothuka kwe-placenta lidinga ukungena esibhedlela ngoba isimo singashintsha ngokushesha.

Uma udokotela wakho evumela ukulandelela ekhaya, uzodinga ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Hlala uphumule embhedeni njengoba uyalelwe
• Landelela ukunyakaza komntwana wakho bese ubika noma yikuphi ukushintsha
• Hlola noma yikuphi ukopha okusha noma ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Iya kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano yezokwelapha ehlelwe
• Ube nomuntu oyatholakala ukukushayela esibhedlela ngokushesha uma kudingeka

Qaphela izimpawu zezexwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, kuhlanganise noma yikuphi ukwanda kokopha, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuncipha kokunyakaza komntwana, noma ukuzizwa ungaphili kahle nganoma iyiphi indlela. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalo ethile mayelana nokuthi nini okufanele ubhale noma uhambe esibhedlela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulandelela ekhaya kufanele kuphele kuphela ezimweni ezithile, ezilula. Abesifazane abaningi abanawo ukuqothuka kwe-placenta badinga ukuhlala esibhedlela lapho amaqembu ezokwelapha angaphendula khona ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukushintsha.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yasedokotela?

Uma ubhekene nokuqothuka kwe-placenta, cishe uzobona udokotela wakho esimweni esiphuthumayo noma esiphuthumayo kunokuba kube yi-aphoyintimenti evamile. Noma kunjalo, ukulungiselela kusiza ukuxhumana kahle ngesikhathi saleli xesha elicindezelayo.

Letha noma ube ulungele ukunikeza:

• Amarekhodi akho okukhulelwa nanoma yimiphi imiphumela yezivivinyo zakamuva
• Uhlu lwemithi oyithatha njengamanje
• Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile kanjani
• Imininingwane mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili
• Ulwazi lwakho loku-inshorensi kanye noxhumana nabo abaphuthumayo

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi lokhu kungase kuthinte kanjani umntwana wakho, yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuba nomuntu okusekelayo nawe kungakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile ngesikhathi sokubonisana okunzima.

Tshela iqiniso mayelana nazo zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Imininingwane mayelana nesikhathi, ubunzima, kanye nezinguquko zendlela ozizwa ngayo zisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yakho.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana nokuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kuyinkinga enzima yokukhulelwa edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, kodwa ngenxa yokunakekelwa okusheshayo, abesifazane abaningi nabantwana banemiphumela emihle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu zezexwayiso nokufuna usizo ngokushesha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukopha okungaphandle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuhlale kufanele kuhlolwe ngudokotela, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nobuhlungu noma ukushintsha kokunyakaza komntwana wakho. Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho futhi ungangabazi ukubiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma kukhona okubukeka okungalungile.

Nakuba ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungase kube ukwesaba, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwamanje kwenze intuthuko enkulu ekulawuleni lesi simo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi namathuluzi adingekayo ukunakekela wena nomntwana wakho ngesikhathi saleli xesha elinzima.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqothuka kwe-placenta

Ingabe ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungaqhubeka ezikhulelweni ezizayo?

Yebo, ukuba nokuqothuka kwe-placenta ekukhulelweni okukodwa kwandisa amathuba akho ezikhulelweni ezizayo, kodwa akusho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka futhi. Amathuba akho andisa kusuka cishe ku-1% kuya cishe ku-10-15% ezikhulelweni ezilandelayo. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela eduze futhi angase akukhuthaze ukulethwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukunciphisa amathuba.

Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuvimbela ukuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuqothuka kwe-placenta, unganciphisa ezinye izici ezingandisa amathuba. Gwema ukubhema kanye nezidakamizwa ezingamthetho, lawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi ngosizo luka-dokotela wakho, gqoka ama-seatbelts kahle, futhi uhambe kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano yokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isizathu esingavikeleka, ngakho ungazisola uma kwenzeka.

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kuqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungase kuqhubeke ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ezinye izimo zikhula kancane kancane ngamahora noma izinsuku, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nzima ngemizuzu. Lokhu kungalindeleki yikho noma yiziphi izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kunokulinda ukubona ukuthi ziyahamba zizilungisa zodwa.

Ingabe umntwana wami uzoba uphilile uma nginawo ukuqothuka kwe-placenta?

Umphumela womntwana wakho uya ngokuthi yingakanani i-placenta ehlukanisiwe, ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ukhulelwe isikhathi esingakanani. Abantwana abaningi bayaphila kahle, ikakhulukazi lapho isimo sibanjwe ngokushesha futhi silawulwa ngokushesha. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizolandlela umntwana wakho eduze futhi lithathe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa impilo yakhe.

Ingabe ukuqothuka kwe-placenta kungatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile kokukhulelwa?

Ukuqothuka kwe-placenta ngokuvamile kuvela ngokuzumayo kunokutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile. I-ultrasound ejwayelekile ingase ingabonisi izimpawu zokuqala zokuqothuka, yikho ukuqaphela izimpawu nokufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izici ezingandisa amathuba futhi akuqonde ngokufanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.