Ukuqina Kwe-Pleurisy? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Iyini i-pleurisy?

I-Pleurisy iwukuvuvukala kwe-pleura, izicubu ezinqamile ezimboza amaphaphu akho kanye nomkhakha wesifuba. Uma lezi zingxenye eziqondile zivuvukala, ziyaqabulana ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obuzwakala sengathi yikhambi eliwela emacondzweni akho.

Cabanga nge-pleura njengokumboza okuvikelayo emaphaphwini akho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zicubu zihamba ngokukhululekile ngesikhathi uqhekeza. Kodwa uma i-pleurisy iqala, ukuvuvukala kuyenza ibe nzima futhi inamathele, okubangela lobuhlungu obukhulu obukhulu obukhulu ngesikhathi ukhwehlela, uthswala, noma uthatha imimoya ejulile.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-pleurisy ivame ukwelashwa uma odokotela beqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukuvuvukala. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okuqondile, nakuba isikhathi sokuphulukisa siyehluka kuye ngokubangela okusekelwe.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pleurisy?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko se-pleurisy yubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obukhulu obukhulu ngesikhathi uqhekeza ngokujulile, ukhwehlela, noma uthswala. Lobuhlungu ngokuvamile buvela ngakwesinye uhlangothi lwesifuba sakho futhi kungazwakala sengathi othile ucindezela ikhambi elishisayo emacondzweni akho.

Nawa izimpawu eziyinhloko ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu obukhulu ngesikhathi uqhekeza ngokujulile noma ukhwehlela
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane ukuze ugweme ubuhlungu
• Ukhwehlela owomile ozwakala uthukuthelisa
• Ukuqina nomkhuhlane uma kukhona ukutheleleka
• Ubuhlungu obungase bufinyelele ehlombe lakho noma emuva
• Ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthatha umoya

Abanye abantu bathola impumuzo ngokuphumula ngakwesinye uhlangothi oluhlungu noma ubambe i-pillow esifubeni sabo ngesikhathi bekhwehlela. Umzimba wakho uzama ngokwemvelo ukuvikela indawo evuvukile ngokulinganisela ukunyakaza nokuphefumula ngokuncane.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-pleurisy ingabangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu njengokuphefumula okunzima kakhulu, izindebe noma iinzipho ezihlaza, noma ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu kangangokuthi buvimba imisebenzi evamile. Lezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yini ebangela i-pleurisy?

I-Pleurisy iqala lapho kukhona okuthile okucasula noma okutheleleka izicubu ze-pleural ezizungezile amaphaphu akho. Imbangela evamile kakhulu iwukutheleleka kwe-viral, nakuba ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial nezinye izimo zingase futhi kuqale lokuvuvukala.

Ake sibheke izimbangela eziyinhloko, siqale ngezivamile kakhulu:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njenge-influenza, i-pneumonia, noma i-COVID-19
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia
• Izimo ze-autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukulimala kwesifuba okuvela ezingozi noma ekuwa
• Imithi ethile engabangela ukuvuvukala
• Umkhakha wekhanda noma iziphumu ezikude ne-pleura
• I-blood clots emaphaphwini (pulmonary embolism)

Ngesinye isikhathi i-pleurisy iqala ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-pleurisy ye-idiopathic. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, kodwa izimo eziningi zalezi ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokunakekelwa okusekela.

Ngokungavamile, i-pleurisy ingabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, i-tuberculosis, noma ukukhombisa i-asbestos. Lezi zimbangela azivamile kodwa kubalulekile ukuzicabangela, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi ezifana nokuvikelwa okungaphansi noma ukukhombisa umsebenzi.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-pleurisy?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu obukhulu ngesikhathi uqhekeza, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokuqina, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukhwehlela oluqhubekayo. Ukubheka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusiza ekutholeni imbangela nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zezeshwa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu obukhulu okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu
• Ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (39°C)
• Umbala oluhlaza oluzungezile izindebe zakho noma iinzipho
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukuzizwa uthukuthele
• Ukhwehlela igazi
• Ukuphefumula okunzima kakhulu ngisho nasekuphumuleni

Ungalindi uma izimpawu zakho ziyaqina ngokushesha noma uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungalungile kakhulu. Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho, futhi khumbula ukuthi ubuhlungu besifuba luhlale ludinga ukubheka kwezokwelapha ukuze kuvinjwe izimo ezinzima.

Ziyini izingozi ze-pleurisy?

Noma ubani angaba ne-pleurisy, kodwa izinto ezithile zenza abanye abantu babe sengozini yalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi nini kufanele uqaphele ngezimpawu.

Nawa ama-risk factors amakhulu andisa amathuba akho okuthola i-pleurisy:

• Ukutheleleka kwemimoya kwamuva njenge-pneumonia noma i-influenza
• Izifo ze-autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-65, njengoba ukuvikelwa komzimba kuya buthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukubhema, okonakalisa izicubu zephaphu futhi kukhulise ingozi yokutheleleka
• Ukuvikelwa komzimba okubuhlungu okuvela emithini noma ezimweni
• Umlando wokulimalala kwesifuba noma ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba kwamuva
• Umlando womndeni wezimo ze-autoimmune

Ukuba nalezi zingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola i-pleurisy. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi eziningi abazange bahlangabezane nalesi simo, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezicacile bangase basithole.

Okubalulekile ukuqaphela izinga lakho lokuthola ingozi ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi uma izimpawu zivela. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu nokubuyela esimweni esiqondile.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-pleurisy?

Izimo eziningi ze-pleurisy ziyaphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinzima, ikakhulukazi uma zitholwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo zingabangela izinkinga ezinzima ezingadinga ukusekelwa kwezokwelapha okwengeziwe.

Izinkinga ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-pleural effusion, lapho amanzi aqokelela phakathi kwezicubu zephaphu
• I-Pneumothorax, iphaphu eliwa ngenxa yomoya ogeleza emgodini wesifuba
• Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo obuhlala khona ngemuva kokuba ukuvuvukala kuphelile
• Ukuphefumula okunzima okulinganisela imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukutheleleka okusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zesifuba

I-Pleural effusion iyinkinga evamile kakhulu, eyenzeka lapho ukuvuvukala kubangela amanzi ukuthi aqokelela eduze kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungenza ukuphefumula kube nzima futhi kungadinga izinqubo zokukhipha.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya ukutheleleka okukhulu okusakazeka kulo lonke umkhakha wesifuba noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezimbi ezivinjelayo ukunyakaza kwamaphaphu. Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zenzeka lapho i-pleurisy ingalashwanga noma ivela ezimweni ezinzima ezinjengekhanda noma isifo esinzima se-autoimmune.

I-pleurisy ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-pleurisy kuqala ngodokotela wakho oqaphela izimpawu zakho futhi ahlole isifu sakho. Uzosebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuze alalele umsindo ovamile ozwakalayo lapho izicubu ze-pleural ezivuvukile zihamba ndawonye.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza uvivinyo oluthile ukuze aqinisekise ukuhlolwa futhi athole imbangela esekelwe:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ukubuka amanzi, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile
• I-CT scan yezithombe eziningi zezicubu zesifuba sakho
• Uvivinyo lwegazi ukuhlola ukutheleleka noma ama-autoimmune markers
• I-Ultrasound ukuthola amanzi eduze kwamaphaphu
• Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi e-pleural uma kukhona amanzi

Inqubo yokuhlola iyasisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi awunayo nje i-pleurisy, kodwa yini ebangela. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukwelashwa kuhluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi imbangela ingaba yi-viral, i-bacterial, noma ehlobene nesimo esinye.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuthi wenze uvivinyo olwengeziwe njenge-MRI noma umsebenzi wegazi oqeqeshwe ukuhlola izimbangela ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi uma uvivinyo lokuqala lungavezi incazelo ecacile yezimpawu zakho.

Luyini ukwelashwa kwe-pleurisy?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pleurisy kugxile ekunakekeleni imbangela esekelwe ngenkathi kuphathwa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Indlela ethile ixhomeke ekutheni yini eyaqala i-pleurisy yakho, kodwa ukwelashwa okuningi kuphumelela kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngempumuzo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• Ama-antibiotics uma ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial kuyimbangela
• Imithi ye-antiviral yokutheleleka okuthile kwe-viral
• Ama-Corticosteroids e-pleurisy ehlobene ne-autoimmune
• Izinqubo zokukhipha uma kukhona ukuqokelela okukhulu kwamanzi
• Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezikhona njengekhanda noma i-blood clots

Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala ngokuvamile inikeza impumuzo enkulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo kuye ngempilo yakho yonke neminye imithi oyithathayo.

Kwezimo ezihilela i-pleural effusion, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukukhipha amanzi engeziwe usebenzisa unhlangothi noma umthamo omncane. Le nqubo, ebizwa nge-thoracentesis, inganikeza impumuzo yokuphefumula ngokushesha futhi isize ekuvimbeleni izinkinga.

Indlela yokuphatha i-pleurisy ekhaya?

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kunakekela imbangela esekelwe, izindlela eziningi zokunakekelwa ekhaya zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi usekele ukubuyela kwakho. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kanye nemithi yakho eyalwe, hhayi njengokushintsha.

Nawa amasu aphezulu okulawula ekhaya:

• Phumula ngakwesinye uhlangothi oluhlungu ukuze ugcine ukunyakaza okuhlungu
• Faka ama-heat pads ukuze ukhulule ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yesifuba
• Thatha imimoya ejulile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuhlungu buyavumela
• Hlala uthola amanzi ukuze usize ukunciphisa noma yiluphi ukhulu
• Sebenzisa ama-pillows engeziwe ukuze uthole izikhundla zokulala ezikhululekile
• Gwema imisebenzi eyenza ubuhlungu besifuba bube bukhulu

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuphumula ngakwesinye uhlangothi oluhlungu kwenza ubuhlungu bube bukhulu ngokulinganisela ukunyakaza kwezicubu ze-pleural ezivuvukile. Zama izikhundla ezahlukene ukuze uthole okusebenza kahle kuwe.

Imimoya ejulile ezinzima ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga njenge-pneumonia, kodwa yenza kuphela lokho okuzizwa kukhululekile. Qala kancane bese ukhulisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuhlungu bakho buthuthuka. Ungalokothi ucindezele ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengoba lokhu kungenza ukuvuvukala kube bukhulu.

I-pleurisy ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngenkathi ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo ze-pleurisy, izindlela eziningi zinganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokunakekela izimbangela ezivamile ezikhona. Ukuvikela kugxile ekutholeni impilo enhle yonke futhi ugweme ukutheleleka uma kungenzeka.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthola ama-vaccines e-influenza minyaka yonke futhi uhlale usesikhathini nge-pneumonia shots
• Ukugeza izandla njalo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwemimoya
• Ukuyeka ukubhema ukuthuthukisa impilo yezitho zephaphu
• Ukulawula izimo ezihlala njalo njengezifo ze-autoimmune
• Ukuthola ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokutheleleka kwemimoya
• Ukugcina ukuvikelwa komzimba okuhle ngokudla okuhle nokulala

Ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kanye nabantu abanezimo zempilo ezihlala njalo. I-pneumonia vaccine ingavimbela ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-bacterial okubangela i-pleurisy.

Uma une-autoimmune condition, ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuze uyilawule kahle kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ye-pleurisy. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuyalwe nokuya emihlanganweni yokulandelela njalo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umhlangano wakho kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi udokotela wakho uthola lonke ulwazi oludinga ukuxilonga nokuphatha isimo sakho ngokuphumelelayo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasiza futhi ekuqedeni ukukhathazeka kwakho ngokuya.

Ngaphambi komhlangano wakho, buthana lonke ulwazi oluqakathekile:

• Bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Bala yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezinye izinto ozithathayo
• Qaphela noma yiziphi izifo, ukulimala, noma izinqubo zezokwelapha zakamuva
• Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho nezindlela zokwelapha
• Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ukuze akusize uma kudingeka
• Yiba nolwazi lwakho loku-inshorensi kanye nezinye izincwadi zezokwelapha

Lungela ukuchaza ubuhlungu bakho ngokuningiliziwe, kufaka phakathi ukuthi luhlungu kuphi, yini eyenza lube ngcono noma libi, nokuthi luthinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ubukhulu nobuntu lesimo sakho.

Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwakho, izindlela zokwelapha, noma okumele ukulindele ngesikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esiqondile. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe ukhulu ngecebo lakho lokunakekelwa.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-pleurisy?

I-Pleurisy iyisimo esingelashwa esingaba buhlungu futhi sikhathaze, kodwa ngokuvamile siyaphela kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu obukhulu obuqala i-pleurisy buphendula kahle ekwelapheni kokulwa nokuvuvukala, futhi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukubheka kwezokwelapha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuholela kwimiphumela emihle. Ungazami ukubhekana nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokuqina, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele okunakekela kokubili imbangela esekelwe kanye nezimpawu zakho, ungalindela ukuzizwa ukhulu ngokuphawulekayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lilapho ukusekela ekubuyeleni kwakho futhi lisize ekuvimbeleni izimo zesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-pleurisy

I-pleurisy ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi se-pleurisy sixhomeke embangelweni yayo esekelwe. I-pleurisy ye-viral ngokuvamile iphela phakathi kweviki elilodwa noma amabili ngokwelashwa okufanele, kanti izimo ze-bacterial zingase zithathe isikhathi eside kodwa ziphendule kahle kuma-antibiotics. I-pleurisy ehlobene nezimo ze-autoimmune ingadinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo, kodwa izimo ezibukhali ngokuvamile ziyathuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe i-pleurisy iyadluliseka?

I-Pleurisy ngokwayo ayidluliseki, kodwa ukutheleleka okubangela kungase kudluliseke. Uma i-pleurisy yakho ivela ekuthelelekeni kwemimoya ye-viral noma i-bacterial, ungase usakaze lokho kutheleleka kwabanye. Noma kunjalo, ukuvuvukala kwe-pleurisy kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokusabela ekuthelelekeni futhi akukwazi ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu.

Ingabe i-pleurisy ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Yebo, i-pleurisy ingabuya, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi ezihlala njalo njengezimo ze-autoimmune noma uma uthola ukutheleleka kwemimoya okusha. Noma kunjalo, ukuba ne-pleurisy kanye akusho ukuthi uzothola futhi uma izingozi ezikhona zihlala khona. Ukulandela izindlela zokuvimbela nokuphatha izimo ezihlala njalo kungasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yezimo zesikhathi esizayo.

Kufanele ngiye e-emergency room nge-pleurisy?

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu ngokuphefumula okunzima, ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F, izindebe noma iinzipho ezihlaza, noma uma ukhwehlela igazi. Kwezimpawu ezingathi sína njengoba ubuhlungu besifuba obungalawuleki ngaphandle kokuphefumula okunzima, ngokuvamile ungahle uhlangane nodokotela wakho ngosuku noma amabili.

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kwenza i-pleurisy ibe mbi?

Phakathi nesigaba esibukhali se-pleurisy, ukuzivocavoca ngokuvamile kwenza ubuhlungu besifuba bube bukhulu futhi kufanele kugwenywe kuze izimpawu zithuthuke. Ukuphefumula okujulile ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kungandisa ukuqabulana okuhlungu kwezicubu ze-pleural ezivuvukile. Uma ubuhlungu bakho buthuthuka futhi udokotela wakho ekukhulula, ukuzivocavoca okuthambile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga nokusekela ukubuyela esimweni esiqondile.