Pneumonitis

I-Pneumonitis (noo-moe-NIE-tis) iyibizo eliyingqayizivele elibhekisela ekukhuleni nasekuvuvukaleni, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuvuvukala, kwezicubu zephunga. Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu njengopnuemonia kungabangela nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zephunga. Kodwa i-pneumonitis ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekuvuvukaleni kwezicubu zephunga okungabangelwa ukutheleleka.

I-Pneumonitis iwumphumela wempendulo enamandla kakhulu yokuvikela yi-immune system yomzimba esikhuthazini esivuvukalisayo. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-pneumonitis zihlanganisa izinto ezikhuthazayo zomoya emsebenzini, ekhaya noma ekuzijabuliseni. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza nezinye izidakamizwa eziningi.

Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, futhi ngokuvamile ukukhokha okwomile, yizimpawu ezivamile ze-pneumonitis. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekugwemeni izinto ezikhuthazayo nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zephunga.

Amasimptomu e-pneumonitis angase aqale ngokushesha noma kancane kancane futhi angabi mandundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi amasimptomu angase abande kakhulu noma aphele ngokuzumayo. Futhi, amasimptomu ahluka kakhulu kubantu abanesimo futhi afaka:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya.
• Ukukhokha okwomile okuvamise ukungavezi lutho.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Ukwehluleka kokudla.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba nemisipha.
• Ukuphatheka kwekhanda.
• Ukwehluleka kwesisindo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma ubona amasimptomu anjengobunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukukhokha okwomile okuqhubekayo.

Uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, hamba ngokushesha e-emergency department esibhedlela noma, e-U.S., shayela u-911.

Emanzini akhokhoneni, imizila emikhulu yomoya, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-bronchi, ahlukaniswe abe yimiphakathi emincane emincane. Imizila emincane kakhulu yomoya, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-bronchioles, iholela ezindaweni ezincane zomoya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-alveoli.\n\nPneumonitis kwenzeka lapho into ecasulayo ibangela ukuvuvukala ezindaweni ezincane zomoya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-alveoli emakhokhoneni akho. Ithishu lemiphunga eliqholiwe yenza kube nzima ukuba i-oksijini idlule nge-alveoli iye egazini.\n\Izimbangela eziningi ziye zahlanganiswa ne-pneumonitis. Kodwa akucaci ukuthi kungani abanye abantu banesimpendulo esiqinile sesistimu yabo yokulwa nezifo ezintweni ezithile ezingabangela i-pneumonitis, kanti abanye abakho. Kubantu abaningi, into ethile ebangela ukuvuvukala ayikaze itholakale.\n\Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonitis zihlanganisa i-hypersensitivity pneumonitis, i-drug-induced pneumonitis ne-radiation-induced pneumonitis.\n\Kwabanye abantu, ukuphefumula izinhlayiya ze-airborne kubangela ukusabela okukhulu kokuzala kwesistimu yabo yokulwa nezifo. Lolu sabela lucaphuna amakhokhoneni, lubangela i-pneumonitis. Isimo sibizwa nangokuthi yi-extrinsic allergic alveolitis.\n\Izinhlobo ezithile ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis zinamagama okuqanjwa ngokubhekisele esizathwini sazo, njenge-“isisu somlimi,” “isisu somuntu othanda izinyoni” noma “isisu le-hot tub.”\n\Izimbangela zingafaka:\n\n- Ama-Molds. Ukukhishwa okuphindaphindwayo kwama-molds kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwethishu lemiphunga. Ukuphefumula izingcezu ze-airborne ezivela ehayini ebolile ingenye yezizathu ezivamile ze-pneumonitis ehlobene nomsebenzi. Isimo esine-mold ezi-hot tubs singabangela ne-pneumonitis ngoba isenzo sokuqhuma senza umusi ophethe i-mold. Kuvamile ukuba i-mold ikhule ezi-humidifiers zasekhaya ezingacociwe njalo. Ezinye izibonelo zezindawo ezimanzi lapho i-mold ingakhula khona futhi ikhishwe emoyeni zihlanganisa izimbobo zomoya, amachibi okugeza, ikhaphethi elilimala ngamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokuphefumula.\n- Izinyoni. Ukukhishwa kwezinyawo zezinyoni, uthuli noma izinsalela kuyimbangela evamile ye-pneumonitis.\n- Uthuli. Ukukhishwa kothuli oluvela emsebenzini wensimbi noma ezihlazini kungabangela i-pneumonitis.\n- Amakhemikhali. Imimoya ye-aerosolized, amakhemikhali nezinambuzane zingacasula amakhokhoneni futhi zibangele i-pneumonitis.\n- Uboya bezilwane. Amakhemikhali esikhumba, uboya nezinsalela zezilwane ingenye imbangela ye-pneumonitis. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho usebenza eduze nezinyamazane nasezindaweni zokwelapha izilwane.\n\Imithi eminingi ingabangela i-pneumonitis. Kodwa isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani imithi ethile ibangela ukuvuvukala kwethishu lemiphunga akucaci. Kungenzeka ukuthi imithi ethile ingacasula amaseli emiphunga, bese isistimu yokulwa nezifo inenkambo eqinile ebangela ukuvuvukala.\n\Izibonelo zemithi engabangela i-pneumonitis zihlanganisa ama-antibiotics athile, imithi eminingi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza nezinye izidakamizwa ezilondoloza ukushaya kwakho kwenhliziyo.\n\Abanye abantu abenza i-radiation therapy esifubeni, njengoba kunjalo ngomdlavuza webele noma wemiphunga, bangathola i-pneumonitis. I-Pneumonitis ingenzeka futhi ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-radiation yonke imizimba okwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe umuntu ukuze athole ukutshalwa kwe-bone marrow. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa kwe-radiation.

Ziningi izinto ezingabangela ingozi enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonitis, okuhlanganisa:

• Imisebenzi nezinto ezihamba phambili. Ukubilika kuqhakambisa ukubhekana nezicucu ze-mold ezingangena emoyeni ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukolweni nokhula. Enye ingozi iwumsebenzi lapho abasebenzi bekhona ezintabeni ezincane, ukufuma, uthuli kanye nezikhemikhali. Ukwenza imithi kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho futhi.
• Ukuphatha izinyoni nezilwane. Abasebenzi be-poultry nabantu abafuyi noma bagcina amajuba nezinye izinyoni bavame ukubhekana ne-droppings, iziphephelo nezinye izinto ezingabangela i-pneumonitis. Ukuba eduze nezilwane eziningi kungase futhi kukhulise ingozi yakho.
• Ukusebenzisa ama-hot tubs nama-humidifiers. Isimo se-mold e-hot tubs, ama-humidifiers ekhaya angacociwe njalo nanoma yikuphi lapho i-mold ingakhula khona kuyizinto ezingabangela i-pneumonitis.

Eminye imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza ingabangela i-pneumonitis. Kungenzeka futhi ukwelashwa ngomgogodla emaphaphwini nasesifubeni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zombili kukhuphula ingozi ye-pneumonitis nakakhulu.

I-Genes ingase ibe nendima ekubeni nokuphendula okuqinile komzimba ezintweni. Uma unezihlobo ezinokuphendula okukhulu okungokwe-allergic ezintweni, ungase ube nengozi enkulu yokuthola ukuphendula okungokwe-allergic futhi.

Uma pneumonitis ingatholakali noma ayiphathwa, ungahle uqhubeke ulimala emaphashini angaphulukiswa.

Ukuthola i-pneumonitis, udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ubuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni wakho. Uxoxa ngezimpawu zakho futhi ubuyekeze noma yimiphi imithi oyithatha kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili njengokwelashwa komdlavuza okwenzeke. Uzobonakala ubuzwa nganoma yiluphi ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo noma okuphindaphindayo nothuli, amakhemikhali, izinyoni nemithombo ye-mold, ikakhulukazi ngendlu, emsebenzini noma ngezinto zokuzilibazisa.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo benza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi basebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuze balalele amaphaphu akho ngenkathi uphefumula.

Enye indlela yokusiza ekutholeni i-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ukugwema into eyingozi yemvelo iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuze ubone ukuthi izimpawu ziyaphucuka yini.

Ukuhlukanisa i-pneumonitis kwezinye izimo zamaphaphu, cishe uzoba nokuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Izivivinyo ezithile zegazi zingasiza ekutholeni ukuxilongwa. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakwazi ukutshela ukuthi une-infection yini. Izivivinyo zegazi zingahlola ama-antibodies abonisa ukubonisana ne-allergen. Enye i-blood test, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-arterial blood gas, ingalinganisa amazinga oksijini kanye ne-carbon dioxide esampulini.

• X-ray yamaphaphu. Izithombe zamaphaphu akho zingakunika umbono wokuthi ukuvuvukala kukuphi nokuthi kubunzima kangakanani. I-X-ray ingaphinda ikhiphe ezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu zakho, njenge-pneumonia. Ngezinye izikhathi i-X-ray ingabonisi noma yiziphi izinguquko.
• Computerized tomography (CT). I-CT scan ihlanganisa izithombe ze-X-ray ezithathwe emakhoneni amaningi ukuze idale izithombe zezakhiwo ezikhathini lomzimba. I-CT scan inikeza imininingwane eminingi kakhulu ngezinguquko emaphaphwini akho kunalokho i-chest X-ray engabonisa. I-CT scan ingasiza futhi ekutholeni ukuthi yonakele kangakanani amaphaphu.

Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu zenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani:

• Spirometry. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, uphefumula ngokushesha nangamandla ngompompi oxhunyiwe komshini. Umshini uqapha ukuthi amaphaphu angagcina umoya omningi kangakanani nokuthi umoya uhamba ngokushesha kangakanani ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa komthamo wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqapha inani lomoya amaphaphu agcina ngezikhathi ezahlukene lapho ephefumula futhi ephuma.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusabalala kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi umzimba uhambisa kahle kangakanani i-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide phakathi kwamaphaphu negazi.
• Pulse oximetry. Lokhu kuhlolwa okulula kusebenzisa idivayisi encane ebekwe kwenye yeminwe ukuze kuqashwe ukuthi kukhona i-oksijini engakanani egazini. Ipesenti ye-oksijini egazini ibizwa ngokuthi yi-oxygen saturation. Ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bangakuncoma ukuhlolwa kokubhadula imizuzu emihlanu nesithupha ngokuhlola i-oxygen saturation yakho.

Izivivinyo zokuthola izithombe kanye nezivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuze uhlole isimo sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kanjani.

ISpirometer iyidivayisi yokuxilonga eqapha inani lomoya ongaphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle nesikhathi esithathayo ukuphefumula ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuphefumula ngokujulile.

IBronchoscopy inqubo yokubuka amaphaphu akho nezinsimbi zomoya. Umpompi omncane obizwa nge-bronchoscope udluliselwa ngaphansi kwesifuba sakho noma emlonyeni wakho, phansi kwehlombe lakho futhi ukhona emaphaphwini akho.

Udokotela wakho angase ahlanze ingxenye yamaphaphu akho ngesisombululo samanzi ukuze aqoqe amangqamuzana amaphaphu namanye izinto. Le nqubo yokuhlanza iyaziwa ngokuthi yi-lavage.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi asuse amasampula amancane kakhulu ezinhlangothini zamaphaphu akho. Amasampula ezinhlangothini ngezinye izikhathi amancane kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile. Kodwa le ndlela ye-biopsy ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhipha ezinye izimo.

Udokotela wakho angafuna ukuhlola amasampula amakhulu ezinhlangothini ezivela ezindaweni eziningi emaphaphwini akho angafinyeleleki nge-bronchoscopy. Inqubo yokuthola la masampula ingase idingeke. Nakuba i-surgical biopsy iyingozi futhi inengozi yezinkinga, ingaba yiyona kuphela indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile. Le nqubo ingenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuncane okungena ngaphakathi.

Ukwelapha kungase kuhluke kuye ngesizathu se-pneumonitis. I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Uma une-pneumonitis ebangelwe ukucasula kwezinto ezikhiqizwayo noma ukusabela kokuxinana, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo cishe bayokuncoma ukuba uyeke ukubhekana nalokho okuthukuthelisa amaphaphu akho. Lesi sinyathelo kufanele sisize ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Izindlela ongazinciphisela ngazo ukubhekana nazo zihlanganisa: Ukugwema into ebangela ukusabela, uma iyaziwa. Lokhu kungase kusho nokukhetha umsebenzi noma umsebenzi ohlukile uma isimo sakho sibi kakhulu. Ukugqoka izingubo zokukhusela. Ukuvikelwa kobuso obuhlanza izinhlayiya, njengomqhele we-pollen noma umqhele wokuphefumula uthuli, kungase kunciphisa ukubhekana. Ukuthuthukisa umoya. Ukugeleza komoya okuhle endaweni enento ebangela izimpawu zakho kungase kunciphisa ukubhekana. Ukulinganisela ukukhula komkhuhlane. Ukuhlanza izindawo lapho umkhuhlane ungakhula khona, njengasezintweni ezishisayo, izinhlelo zokuphefumula kanye ne-humidifiers, kungase kugweme ukubhekana. Susa ikhaphethi elilimala ngamanzi, ifenisha kanye ne-drywall. Imithi ye-corticosteroid isebenza ngokuthula impendulo yemisipha yakho ekucasuleni. Lokhu kungenza amaphaphu akho angacasuli. I-Corticosteroids ivame ukudliwa njengephilisi isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroid isikhathi eside kukhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokuthambisa amathambo okuthiwa i-osteoporosis. Eminye imithi eyancipha impendulo yemisipha yakho ingase isetshenziswe. Ngezinye izikhathi i-corticosteroids esetshenziswa i-inhaler ingasiza. Uphefumula le mithi emaphaphwini akho. Imithi yancipha ukucasula endleleni yakho yomoya ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula. I-Bronchodilators yimithi evame ukufika nge-inhalers. Le mithi iphumula imisipha eduze nezinhlanzi zakho zomoya. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqedeni ukukhokha nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. I-pneumonitis ebangelwe imithi Ukwelapha i-pneumonitis ebangelwe imithi kuncike ekuthini izimpawu zibi kangakanani. Uma izimpawu zingandile, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa. Uma izimpawu zakho zibi, ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko i-corticosteroids, kepha ngezinye izikhathi eminye imithi eyancipha impendulo yemisipha yakho, kungasiza. Ngezinye izikhathi ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bangase banqume ukuyeka noma ukushintsha imithi ebangela ukucasula. I-pneumonitis ebangelwe ukushisa Uma izimpawu zingandile, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonitis yokushisa. Izimpawu ezibi ngokuvamile zilaphelwa yi-corticosteroids. Izinketho zokwelapha kunoma yisiphi isizathu se-pneumonitis Uma i-pneumonitis ibibi, ukwelapha kungase futhi kuhlanganise: Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini. Uma unezinkinga eziningi zokuphefumula, ungase udinga ukwelashwa nge-oksijini ngomqhele noma ngompompi yepulasitiki eneziqongo ezifanela ekhaleni lakho. Ungase usebenzise i-oksijini uma ulele noma uqeqesha. Kepha abanye abantu badinga i-oksijini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuphatha itanki encane ye-oksijini noma ukusebenzisa i-concentrator ye-oksijini ephathekayo kungakusiza ukuba ube nesibindi. Ukulungiswa kwamaphaphu. Ukulungiswa kwamaphaphu kungasiza ekuqondiseni izimpawu zakho nokwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Ukonakala kwamaphaphu okukhulu kungase kudinge ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Cela i-aphoyintimenti