Uyini i-Pneumonitis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Pneumonitis iwukuvuvukala kwezicubu zephunga okuvela lapho amaphaphu akho ephendula into ecasulayo noma into ebangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala. Ngokungafani ne-pneumonia, evame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, i-pneumonitis ivela lapho isimiso sakho sokukhuselwa simotha ngokweqile ngento oyiphefumule noma oyidlulile.

Cabanga ngayo njengokuvuvukala nokucasuka kwamaphaphu akho, njengoba nje isikhumba sakho singase siphendule i-poison ivy. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubona okulungile nokwelashwa, abantu abaningi abane-pneumonitis bangaphila kahle futhi bagweme ukubuyela kwaleli cala.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonitis?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonitis zingase zibe njengezempilo embi noma isifo sikagwayi, kodwa zivame ukuvela kancane kancane. Ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu zivela ezinsukwini noma emaviki kunokuba kube ngokuzumayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlanza okwomile okuqhubekayo okungabonakali kuhamba
• Ukuqina komoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuqina noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba
• Ukukhathala okunzima kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane
• Ukwehliswa kukho ukudla
• Ukwehliswa kokukhulu kwesisindo

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ungase futhi uqaphele ukuphefumula okusheshayo, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqhele ngezindebe zakho noma ezinhlangothini zezinzipho zakho, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe izindaba ezinkulu, kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-pneumonitis iyaphiliswa uma itholakala ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-pneumonitis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-pneumonitis, ngayinye ibingelwa yizimbangela ezahlukene. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo onalo kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kuwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho unokwanda kokuvuvukala ngento oyiphefumula njalo, njenge-mold, izinto ezivela ezinyoni, noma amakhemikhali athile
• I-Chemical pneumonitis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uphefumula imifutho enobuthi, igesi, noma izinto ezinamandla okuvuvukala emaphaphwini akho
• I-Drug-induced pneumonitis: Amanye amaphilisi angabangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu njengomphumela ohlangothini
• I-Radiation pneumonitis: Lokhu kungase kuvele ngemuva kokwelashwa ngomgogodla endaweni yesifuba
• I-Aspiration pneumonitis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho okuqukethwe esiswini kungena emaphaphwini akho ngengozi

Zonke izinhlobo zidinga izindlela ezihlukene zokwelapha, kodwa zonke ziyaphatheka ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-pneumonitis?

I-Pneumonitis ivela lapho amaphaphu akho ehlangana nento ayibona njengonakalisayo, ebangela impendulo yokuqina. Imbangela ethile ixhomeke kulokho amaphaphu akho aye avulekele kukho.

Izimbangela zemvelo zivame ukuba yizona ezibangelayo futhi zihlanganisa:

• Ama-spores e-mold avela ezindlini ezimanzi noma ezindaweni ezingaphandle
• Izinto ezivela ezinyoni, ikakhulukazi ezinonyoni zasekhaya noma ezinonyoni zefama
• Uthuli oluvela ehayini, ukudla, noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo
• Imifutho yamakhemikhali evela ezinto zokuhlanza, imibala, noma izinto zezimboni
• Amabhaktheriya athile atholakala e-hot tubs noma e-humidifiers

Izimbangela zezokwelapha zingase futhi zibangele i-pneumonitis:

• Amaphilisi okuwelapha umdlavuza noma amanye amaphilisi
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla
• Ukuphefumula okuqukethwe esiswini ngengozi (ukufunxa)
• Izimo ezithile zokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokukhuselwa

Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela eqondile ihlala ingacaci ngisho nasekuhlolweni okuphelele. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyacasula, kodwa udokotela wakho usengakwazi ukukunikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nemiphumela yokuhlola.

Nini okumelwe ubone udokotela nge-pneumonitis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthola ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo noma ukuqina komoya okungathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela isimo singabi sibi kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuqina komoya okukhulu, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala okuphezulu, noma uqaphele izindebe zakho noma izinzipho zakho ziphenduka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho adinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezilula kodwa uyazi ukuthi ukhombiswe izinto ezingase zicasule amaphaphu emsebenzini noma ekhaya. Ukuba nokuqapha impilo yamaphaphu akho kungasiza ekugwemeni izinkinga.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-pneumonitis?

Izinto ezithile zingase zikwenze ube nethuba elikhulu lokuthola i-pneumonitis, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzothola ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini emsebenzini nasemvelweni zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza efama, ikakhulukazi ngehayini, ukudla, noma izilwane
• Imisebenzi ehilela ukukhombiswa amakhemikhali, njengokukhiqiza noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu noma izinkinga ze-mold
• Ukugcina izinyoni zasekhaya noma ukukhombiswa njalo ezindaweni zezinyoni
• Ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingavuleki kahle

Izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zezokwelapha ezingase zikwenze ube nethuba elikhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthatha amanye amaphilisi, ikakhulukazi amaphilisi okuwelapha umdlavuza
• Ukuba uthole ukwelashwa ngomgogodla esifubeni
• Ukuba nezimo zokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokukhuselwa
• Ukuba ukhulu kunamashumi ayisithupha eminyaka
• Ukuba nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

Uma unezinto eziningi ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini, ungesabi. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingase zibangele lesi simo abazitholi i-pneumonitis, futhi ukwazi lokhu kukusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-pneumonitis?

Abantu abaningi abane-pneumonitis bayaphila kahle ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke uma isimo singalungiswa ngokushesha.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• I-Pulmonary fibrosis, lapho izicubu zephunga ziqina khona futhi ziqine
• Ukuncipha komoya okuqhubekayo okungapheli ngisho nasemuva kokwelashwa
• Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukutholakala okukhulu kokutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ngenxa yokucindezela ngenxa yokunciphisa amazinga oksijini

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okudinga ukuphefumula ngomshini
• I-Pulmonary hypertension enzima
• Izimpendulo zokuvuvukala ezisongela impilo

Lezi zinkinga zizwakala zesabekisa, kodwa azivamile uma i-pneumonitis itholakala ngokushesha futhi iwelashwe kahle. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizokunakekela eduze ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

I-pneumonitis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvikela kugxile ekugwemeni noma ukunciphiseni ukukhombiswa izinto ezingase zibangele ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ukushintsha okuncane endaweni yakho nezindlela zakho kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ekhaya, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuthi:

• Ukusebenzisa umoya omuhle lapho uhlanza noma usebenzisa amakhemikhali
• Ukugcina amazinga omfutho ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-50 ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-mold
• Ukuhlanza njalo nokugcina i-humidifiers ne-air conditioners
• Ukugwema ukubhema nokubhema okungenampilo
• Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela uma ugcina izinyoni zasekhaya, njengokuhlanza njalo ikheji

Emsebenzini, izinyathelo zokuvikela zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa okufanele kokuphefumula lapho ukhombiswa uthuli noma amakhemikhali
• Ukulandela imiyalo yokuphepha emsebenzini yokuphatha izinto ezingase zibe yingozi
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya uvulekile kahle endaweni yakho yokusebenza
• Ukubika izimo ezingaphephile kubaphathi bakho

Uma uthatha amaphilisi angase abangele i-pneumonitis, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuqapha izimpawu zokuqala futhi ulungise ukwelashwa uma kudingeka.

I-pneumonitis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-pneumonitis kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi zokunquma ukuthi yini ebangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu akho nokuthi kubunzima kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokulalela indaba yakho nokukuhlola.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuvame ukubandakanya:

• Ingxoxo eningiliziwe yezimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini
• Ukubuyekezwa komlando wakho womsebenzi nokukhombiswa okungenzeka
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukulalela amaphaphu akho
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola izimpawu zokuvuvukala

Izivivinyo zokuthatha izithombe zisiza ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani emaphaphwini akho:

• Izithombe ze-X-ray zesifuba zingabonisa izindawo zokuvuvukala
• I-CT scans inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yecubu lephunga
• I-High-resolution CT scans ingabona ukushintsha okuqala

Kungenzeka kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuphelele:

• Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu ukuze uqonde ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani
• I-Bronchoscopy ukuhlola izindlela zakho zokuphefumula nokuqoqa amasampula
• I-Lung biopsy ezimweni ezingavamile lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingapheli khona
• Izivivinyo ezithile zokwanda kokuvuvukala ukuze ubone izinto ezibangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala

Inqubo yokuxilonga ingase izwakale icasula, kodwa yonke ivivi yokuhlola inikeza ulwazi oluwusizo olusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo kuwe.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonitis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonitis kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emaphaphwini akho nokugwema ukonakala okwengeziwe. Indlela ethile ixhomeke kulokho okubangela isimo sakho nokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani.

Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ukususa noma ukugwema into ebangela i-pneumonitis yakho. Lokhu kungase kusho ukushintsha emsebenzini, ekhaya, noma kumaphilisi akho.

Ukwelashwa ngamaphilisi kuvame ukubandakanya:

• I-Corticosteroids njenge-prednisone ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• I-Bronchodilators ukusiza ukuvula izindlela zakho zokuphefumula
• Ukwelashwa ngoksijini uma unezinkinga zokuthola oksijini eyanele
• Amaphilisi okuvimbela ukwanda kokuvuvukala ezimweni ezinzima

Izinyathelo zokunakekela ezisekelayo zikusiza uzizwe kangcono ngenkathi amaphaphu akho ephulukana:

• Ukuphumula nokugwema imisebenzi enzima
• Ukugcina umzimba uthambile
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze kulula ukuphefumula
• Ukuzivocavoca kokwelapha kwamaphaphu uma kufaneleka

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa, nakuba ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kungathatha izinyanga eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela yokwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-pneumonitis?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usekele ukubuyela kwakho esimweni esijwayelekile futhi uzizwe ukhululekile. Lezi zinyathelo zisebenza kanye namaphilisi akho awamiswe.

Izinyathelo zokuphefumula nokududuza zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula endaweni ephakeme kancane ukuze kulula ukuphefumula
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier yomfutho opholile ukufaka umswakama emoyeni
• Ukugeza amanzi afudumele ukuze kuhlanzwe i-mucus
• Ukugwema imisebenzi ekwenza uqine umoya
• Ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula okucocekile, okujulile

Ukushintsha endaweni yakho ekhaya kungasiza:

• Ukugcina indawo yakho yokuphila ihlanzekile futhi ingenathuli
• Ukugwema amakhemikhali aqinile, ama-perfumes, nezinto zokuhlanza
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya uvulekile kahle kuzo zonke izindawo
• Ukususa noma yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala ozibonile

Ukusekela indlela yokuphila ngesikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele isimiso sakho sokukhuselwa
• Ukugcina umzimba uthambile ngamanzi nezinye izinto ezishisayo
• Ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele
• Ukugwema ukubhema nokubhema okungenampilo ngokuphelele

Khumbula ukuthi ukunakekelwa ekhaya kuwongezelela kodwa akukushintshi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Landela njalo imiyalo yodokotela wakho futhi ubike noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibi kakhulu.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nehlelo lokwelapha eliphumelelayo. Ukulungiselela kancane kungenza i-aphoyintimenti yakho ibe yinhle kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, buthana nalolu lwazi olubalulekile:

• Bala zonke izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini
• Qaphela noma yiziphi izindlela, njengoba izimpawu zibi kakhulu noma zingcono
• Bhala umlando wakho womsebenzi nanoma yikuphi ukukhombiswa amakhemikhali
• Bala wonke amaphilisi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathatha
• Letha noma yiziphi izithombe ze-X-ray zesifuba noma imiphumela yokuhlola

Cabanga ngale mibuzo ebalulekile yokuxoxa:

• Yini engase ibe yimbangela ye-pneumonitis yakho?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo, futhi zihilelani?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo?
• Kuzotatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezifanele zibangele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha?
• Ingabe kunoma yikuphi ukumisa imisebenzi yakho?

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukukusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi ubuze imibuzo ongazihlanganisa.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule nge-pneumonitis?

I-Pneumonitis iyisimo esiphiliswayo esenzeka lapho amaphaphu akho evuvukala ngenxa yokukhombiswa izinto ecasulayo noma izinto ebangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyacasula, abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele.

Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukubona nokuqeda noma yini ebangela i-pneumonitis yakho, ukulandela uhlelo lokwelapha lwakho, nokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuholela emiphumeleni emihle futhi kusiza ekugwemeni izinkinga.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-pneumonitis akusho ukuthi uzobe nezinkinga zamaphaphu ezihlala njalo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nezinyathelo zokuvikela, ungavikela impilo yamaphaphu akho futhi ubuyele emisebenzini yakho evamile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-pneumonitis

Ingabe i-pneumonitis iyadluliseka?

Cha, i-pneumonitis ayidluliseki. Ngokungafani ne-pneumonia ebangelwa amabhaktheriya noma ama-viruses, i-pneumonitis iyimpendulo yokuqina ezintweni ecasulayo noma ezintweni ebangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala. Awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu noma uyidlulisele kwabanye.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemuva kwe-pneumonitis?

Isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile sihluka kuye ngokubangela nobunzima be-pneumonitis yakho. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4 okwelashwa, kodwa ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kungathatha izinyanga eziningi. Ukugwema into ebangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala kubalulekile ekwelapheni.

Ingabe i-pneumonitis ingabuya?

Yebo, i-pneumonitis ingabuya uma ukhombiswa into efanayo ebangela ukwanda kokuvuvukala futhi. Kungakho kubalulekile ukubona nokuqeda imbangela. Ngokuqapha okufanele, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubuyela kwaleli cala.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuthatha amaphilisi ukuphila kwami konke?

Abantu abaningi abane-pneumonitis abadingi amaphilisi okuphila kwabo konke. I-Corticosteroids ivame ukusetshenziswa amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ngesikhathi sesigaba esikhulayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanezimo ezihlala njalo bangadinga ukwelashwa okude. Udokotela wakho uzo sebenza nawe ukuthola isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza kahle sokwelashwa.

Ngingazivocavoca uma ngine-pneumonitis?

Kufanele ugweme ukuzivocavoca okunzima ngenkathi uphulukana ne-pneumonitis ebukhali. Uma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka futhi udokotela wakho ekunikeza imvume, ungabuya kancane kancane emisebenzini yomzimba. Ukuhamba okuqondile kuvame ukuba kuhle, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungaphuli uma uqina umoya.