Pneumothorax
Uhlolojikelele
Laphango eliphethwe yi-pneumothorax, umoya ovela ephusheni uvuza emathunjini. Isibonelo esiboniswe yi-pneumothorax ephelele yasekhohlo.
Pneumothorax (noo-moe-THOR-aks) yiphango eliphethwe yi-pneumothorax. I-pneumothorax ivela uma umoya uvuza endaweni phakathi kwephango lakho nodonga lwesifuba. Lo moya ucindezela ngaphandle kwephango lakho futhi wenze liphethwe yi-pneumothorax. I-pneumothorax ingaba ukuquleka okuphelele kwephango noma ukuquleka kwengxenye yephango kuphela.
I-pneumothorax ingabangelwa ukulimala kwesifuba okubuthakathaka noma okuthobayo, izinqubo zezokwelapha ezithile, noma ukonakala okuvela ekuguleni kwephango. Noma kungase kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besifuba obuzumayo nokuqina kokuphefumula. Ngezinye izikhathi, iphango eliphethwe yi-pneumothorax lingaba yisenzakalo esiyingozi ebomini.
Ukuphathwa kwe-pneumothorax ngokuvamile kuhilela ukufaka unhlanzi noma i-tube yesifuba phakathi kwezinhlangothi ukuze kususwe umoya owengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, i-pneumothorax encane ingase iphulukane yodwa.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-pneumothorax zibuhlungu oluzumayo esifubeni nokuqina kokuphefumula. Ukubaluleka kwezimpawu kungahluka kuye ngokuthi ingxenye eningana yephunga iwa. Izimpawu ze-pneumothorax zingabangelwa yizinkinga eziningi zempilo, futhi ezinye zingaba yingozi eyingozi, ngakho-ke funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Uma ubuhlungu besifuba bukhulu noma ukuphefumula kuya kunzima ngokuqhubekayo, thola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela
Izimpawu ze-pneumothorax zingabangelwa yizinkinga ezahlukene zezempilo, futhi ezinye zingaba yingozi eyingozi, ngakho-ke funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Uma ubuhlungu besifuba bukhulu noma ukuqeda umoya kuya nzima ngokuqhubekayo, thola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Izimbangela
A pneumothorax ingabangelwa yi: Ukulimala kwesifuba. Noma yiliphi ukulimala okubhebhezayo noma okugwaqayo esifubeni sakho kungabangela ukuqhekeka kwephiko. Amanye ukulimala kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa komzimba noma ezingoveni, kanti amanye angenzeka ngephutha ngesikhathi sezindlela zokwelapha ezihilela ukufakwa kwenaliti esifubeni. Ukugula kwephiko. Ilungu lephiko elilimaziwe linamathuba amaningi okuqhekeka. Ukulimala kwephiko kungenziwa izinhlobo eziningi zezifo eziyisisekelo, njengoba yi-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), i-cystic fibrosis, umdlavuza wephiko noma i-pneumonia. Izifo zephiko ezingama-cystic, njenge-lymphangioleiomyomatosis ne-Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, zenza izikhwama ze-air ezincane, ezinobumba oluqondile emathunjini ephiko ezingaqhekeka, okuholela e-pneumothorax. Izikhwama ze-air eziqhekekile. Izikhwama ze-air ezincane (blebs) zingathuthukiswa phezulu kwephiko. Lezi zikhwama ze-air ngezinye izikhathi ziqhekeka — zivumela umoya ukuthi ugeleze endaweni ezungeze amaphiko. Ukuphefumula okuhlanganisiwe. Uhlobo olukhulu lwe-pneumothorax lungenzeka kubantu abadinga usizo lobuchwepheshe ukuze baphefumule. I-ventilator ingakha ukungalingani kokucindezela komoya esifubeni. Iphiko lingase liqhekeke ngokuphelele.
Izici eziyingozi
Ngokuvamile, amadoda amaningi ane-pneumothorax kuneabesifazane. Uhlobo lwe-pneumothorax obangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwamabhalazwe emoya cishe luvela kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengu-40, ikakhulu uma umuntu ude kakhulu futhi unesisindo esincane.
Ukugula kwesisu noma ukuphefumula ngomshini kungaba yimbangela noma ingozi ye-pneumothorax. Ezinye izingozi zihlanganisa:
- Ukubhema. Ingozi iyakhula ngesikhathi nobuningi bezigxobo ezibhemiwe, ngisho noma kungekho emphysema.
- I-jenetiki. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-pneumothorax zibonakala zidluliselwa emindenini.
- I-pneumothorax yangaphambili. Noma ubani oke waba ne-pneumothorax unengozi enkulu yokuba nayo enye.
Izingqinamba
Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ziyahlukahluka, kuye ngobukhulu nobunzima be-pneumothorax kanye nesizathu nokwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi umoya ungaqhubeka ukhishwa uma umgodi ephusheni ungavalwa noma i-pneumothorax ingabuya.
Ukuxilongwa
I-pneumothorax ngokuvamile ihlonishwa usebenzisa i-X-ray yesifuba. Ezimweni ezithile, ukuhlolwa kwe-computed tomography (CT) kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane. Ukuqoshwa kwe-ultrasound nakho kungase kusetshenziswe ukuhlonishwa i-pneumothorax. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lochwepheshe abakhathalelayo baseMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-pneumothorax Qala Lapha Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ukunakekelwa kwe-pneumothorax eMayo Clinic I-X-ray yesifuba Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT
Ukwelashwa
Umgomo ekwelapheni i-pneumothorax ukukhulula ukucindezela ephusheni lakho, uvumela ukuthi liphinde liqine. Kuye ngesizathu se-pneumothorax, umgomo wesibili ungaba ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda. Izindlela zokufinyelela le migomo ziyahluka kuye ngokukhulu kokuphahlazeka kwephuphu futhi ngezinye izikhathi empilweni yakho yonke. Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka ukubuka, ukukhipha umoya ngenhlanzi, ukufakwa kwephuphu, ukulungisa okungeyona opharetha noma ukuhlinzwa. Ungathola ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kokufakwa komoya ukuze usheshiswe ukubuyiselwa komoya nokwandiswa kwephuphu. Ukubuka Uma ingxenye encane kuphela yephuphu lakho iwa, udokotela wakho angase alandelele nje isimo sakho ngezithombe ze-X-ray zesifuba kuze kube yilapho umoya owengeziwe uqediwe futhi iphuphu lakho liphinde laqina. Lokhu kungathatha amasonto ambalwa. Ukukhipha umoya ngenhlanzi noma ukufakwa kwephuphu Uma indawo enkulu yephuphu lakho iwa, kungenzeka ukuthi inhlanzi noma iphuphu lizosetshenziswa ukususa umoya owengeziwe. Ukukhipha umoya ngenhlanzi. Inhlanzi eyenziwe nge-hollow enenye i-tube encane (i-catheter) ifakwa phakathi kwezibilini endaweni egcwele umoya ecindezela iphuphu eliwa. Khona-ke udokotela ususa inhlanzi, abophe i-syringe kwi-catheter bese akhipha umoya owengeziwe. I-catheter ingase ishiywe khona okwesikhathi esithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphuphu liphinde laqina futhi i-pneumothorax ayiphindaphindwa. Ukufakwa kwephuphu. Iphuphu le-flexible lifakwa endaweni egcwele umoya futhi lingase lixhunyiwe kwidivayisi yavalvu enye-way ehlala ikhipha umoya emathuneni esifuba kuze kube yilapho iphuphu lakho liphinde laqina futhi liphilile. Ukulungisa okungeyona opharetha Uma iphuphu lingaliqini iphuphu lakho, izinketho ezingeyona opharetha zokuvala ukopha komoya zingafaka: Ukusebenzisa into yokucasula izicubu ezizungezile iphuphu ukuze zinamathele ndawonye futhi zivale noma yikuphi ukopha. Lokhu kungenziwa ngephuphu, kodwa kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ukukhipha igazi engalweni yakho futhi ulifaka ephusheni. Igazi lenza i-patch ye-fibrinous ephusheni (i-autologous blood patch), livala ukopha komoya. Ukudlulisa i-tube encane (i-bronchoscope) phansi komlomo wakho futhi ungene ephusheni lakho ukuze ubheke amaphuphu akho nezindawo zokuphefumula bese ubeka i-valve enye-way. I-valve ivumela iphuphu ukuthi liphinde liqine futhi ukopha komoya kuphile. Ukuhlinzwa Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuvala ukopha komoya. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokusika okuncane, usebenzisa ikhamera encane ye-fiber-optic namathuluzi okuhlinzwa amade, amncane. Udokotela uzobheka indawo ephuma khona umoya noma i-blister yomoya ephukile bese eyivala. Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzodingeka enze ukusoka okukhulu phakathi kwezibilini ukuze afinyelele kangcono ekuphumeni komoya okuningi noma okukhulu. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo Ungase udinge ukugwema imisebenzi ethile ebeka ukucindezela okwengeziwe ephusheni lakho isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuba i-pneumothorax yakho iphilile. Izibonelo zifaka ukuhamba ngendiza, ukuzama i-scuba noma ukudlala isixhobo somoya. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngohlobo nobude bemikhawulo yakho yemisebenzi. Gcina ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela nodokotela wakho ukuze uqaphele ukuphulukisa kwakho. Cela i-aphoyintimenti Ngosiqeqeshi se-Mayo Clinic
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