Ubukhulu be-Polycystic Kidney Disease? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) yisimo sezofuzo lapho ama-sacs agcwele amanzi abizwa ngama-cysts akhula khona ezinso zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. La ma-cysts angenza izinso zakho zikhule futhi angathinta ukuthi zihlela kangcono kanjani ukuntuleka kwegazi lakho. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kukhathaza, abantu abaningi abane-PKD baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokulandelela.

Iyini i-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

I-PKD kwenzeka lapho izinso zakho zithuthukisa amaqembu ama-cysts aqhubeka ekhula ngobukhulu nangenani. Cabanga ngala ma-cysts njengezibalo ezincane ezigcwele amanzi ezakhiwa ngaphakathi kwezicubu zezinso zakho. Abantu abaningi bafa babeletha lesi simo kubazali babo nge-genes zabo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-PKD. Uhlobo oluvamile kunazo zonke, oluthiwa yi-autosomal dominant PKD, luvamise ukuvela ebuntwini. Uhlobo oluyimfihlo, i-autosomal recessive PKD, luvamise ukuvela kubantwana abasebancane noma abancane. Zombili izinhlobo zingathinta umsebenzi wezinso, kodwa ziqhubeka ngokuhlukile futhi zinazimpawu ezihlukile.

Izinso zakho ngokuvamile zihlanza ukuntuleka namanzi engeziwe egazini lakho ukwenza umchamo. Uma ama-cysts ethatha indawo ezinsonini zakho, angaphazamisa lomsebenzi obalulekile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bagcina umsebenzi omuhle wezinso iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Abantu abaningi abane-PKD ababonisi izimpawu iminyaka ngoba lesi simo sithuthuka kancane. Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuqala kancane futhi zingase zibe njengezinye izinkinga zempilo ezivamile.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu emhlane, ezinhlangothini, noma esiswini esingase siye siye
• Igazi emchameni wakho, okungase kwenze ukuba ubukeke pinki, obomvu, noma olukhulu njenge-cola
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwe-urinary tract
• Amatshe ezinso abangela ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukuqina kwegazi, ngisho nasebuntwaneni
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezibukeka zivame kakhulu noma zinzima kunezakudala
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngokungavamile

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuzwa ukugcwaliswa esiswini sabo noma ukugcwala okusheshayo lapho bedla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izinso ezinkulu zingacindezela ezinye izitho esiswini sakho.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, ngisho nasemhlabeni omkhulu. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezibonakalayo eminyakeni yabo yama-20, kanti abanye ababonisi izinkinga kuze kube eminyakeni yabo yama-50 noma ngaphezulu.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-PKD, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kusiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho nokulindelwe. Uhlobo ngalunye lunephethini ezahlukile zokudluliselwa kanye nezinhlelo zesikhathi.

I-Autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) yiyona evamile, ithinta cishe u-90% wabantu abane-PKD. Udinga nje ukufumana i-gene enye ephosakele komunye umzali ukuze uthuthukise lo mkhuba. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zivela phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nama-40, nakuba abanye abantu bebona izimpawu ngaphambili noma kamuva.

I-Autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) iyimfihlo kakhulu futhi inzima kakhulu. Udinga ukufumana ama-gene aphoqelekile komabili abazali ukuze uthuthukise lo mkhuba. Ngokuvamile ivele kubantwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa noma ebuntwaneni obuqala, futhi ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima ekuqaleni kokuphila.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluyimfihlo kakhulu oluthiwa yi-acquired cystic kidney disease. Lokhu kuthuthuka kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso ezivela kwezinye izimbangela, njengokutholakala kwe-dialysis isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezidluliselwa, lo mkhuba awudluliselwa emindenini.

Yini ebangela i-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

I-PKD kwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-genes ezithile eziqondisa indlela amaseli ezinso zakho akhula futhi asebenza ngayo. Lezi zinguquko ze-genetic ngokuvamile zidluliselwa kubazali bakho, okusho ukuthi lesi simo siqhubeka emindenini.

Nge-autosomal dominant PKD, ama-gene aphoqelekile abizwa nge-PKD1 ne-PKD2. I-PKD1 gene ibangela cishe u-85% wezimbangela futhi ivame ukubangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. I-PKD2 gene ibangela izimo ezisele futhi ngokuvamile iqhubeka kancane.

Ku-autosomal recessive PKD, i-gene ebizwa nge-PKHD1 iyona ehambisana nayo. Bobabili abazali bakho kufanele babe ne-gene change ukuze uthuthukise lesi simo. Uma bobabili abazali bangabamaphakathi, ukukhulelwa ngalunye kunenani lika-25% lokuba nomntwana one-ARPKD.

Ngokungavamile, i-PKD ingathuthuka ngenxa yokushintsha okusha kwe-genetic okungadluliselwa kubazali. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-10% wezimbangela futhi kusho ukuthi umuntu ungowokuqala emndenini wakhe ukuba nale simo.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona igazi emchameni wakho, ngisho noma kwenzeka kanye kuphela. Nakuba lokhu kungaba nezizathu eziningi, kuhlale kubalulekile ukuhlola, ikakhulukazi uma unemlando womndeni wezinkinga zezinso.

Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emhlane noma eceleni obungaphuli ngokuphumula yisizathu esinye sokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ubuhlungu buzwakala buhlukile kunokuthi ubuhlungu bemisipha evamile noma buza nezinye izimpawu njengobushushu noma ukushintsha ekushiseni.

Uma unemlando womndeni we-PKD, cabanga ngokuxoxa ngokunakekelwa kwe-genetic nodokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuhlela ikusasa nokuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima.

Ukuqina kwegazi ebuntwaneni, ukutheleleka okuvamile kwe-urinary tract, noma amatshe ezinso kufanele futhi kukhuthaze ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke ne-PKD kodwa futhi zinezizathu eziningi ezidinga ukuhlolwa okufanele.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Isici esikhulu sokulimala se-PKD ukuba nomzali onalesi simo. Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-PKD zidluliselwa, umlando wakho womndeni udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqondiseni ingozi yakho.

Uma omunye wabazali bakho enesifo se-autosomal dominant PKD, unethuba lika-50% lokufumana lesi simo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamunye umntwana, kunethuba elifanayo lokufumana i-gene ephosakele noma i-gene evamile.

Nge-autosomal recessive PKD, bobabili abazali kufanele babe ngabamaphakathi kwe-gene change. Abaningi abaphathi abazi ukuthi baphatha i-gene ngoba abanawo uqobo izimpawu.

Isiko lakho lesizwe lingase futhi lithinte ingozi yakho. I-PKD ithinta izinhlanga zonke, kodwa ezinye izinguquko ze-genetic zivame kakhulu ezizweni ezithile. Noma kunjalo, umlando womndeni uhlala uyi-predictor eqinile kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zenzeke ze-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-PKD bagcina impilo enhle iminyaka eminingi, kuwusizo ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uzivimbele noma uzilawule ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina kwegazi, okuthinta cishe u-75% wabantu abane-PKD
• I-Chronic kidney disease engase iqhubeke kancane amashumi eminyaka
• Ukutheleleka kwezinso okungase kube nzima kune-UTIs evamile
• Amatshe ezinso akhiqizwa ngokuvamile kunabantu abangenayo i-PKD
• Izinkinga ze-cyst njengokuphuza igazi noma ukuqhekeka, kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Ama-cysts e-liver avame ukungathinti umsebenzi we-liver

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima kakhulu zingase zihlanganise izinkinga ze-heart valve, ama-brain aneurysms (ama-spots abuthakathaka e-blood vessels), ne-diverticulosis (izikhwama ezincane odongeni lwekoloni). Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhathaza, kuthinta kuphela ingxenye encane yabantu abane-PKD.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulandelela okuvamile kusiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngokushesha lapho zilawuleka kakhulu. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizobheka lezi zinkinga futhi ngokuvamile lingazivimbela ekutheni zibe yizinkinga ezinzima.

I-Polycystic Kidney Disease Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-PKD ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwe-imaging okungabonisa ama-cysts ahambisanayo ezinsonini zakho. I-ultrasound ngokuvamile iwukuvivinya okuqala ngoba kuphephile, akubabuli ubuhlungu, futhi kuhle kakhulu ekutholeni ama-cysts ezinso.

Uma unemlando womndeni we-PKD, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa ngisho noma ungenawo izimpawu. Isikhathi sokuhlolwa siyancika ebudaleni bakho nasemdalweni womndeni, kodwa ngokuvamile siqala eminyakeni yakho engama-20 noma engama-30.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa ama-CT scans noma ama-MRI scans ukuze bathole izithombe eziningi zezinso zakho. Lezi zihloko zingabonisa ama-cysts amancane futhi zinikeze umbono omuhle wokuthi umsebenzi wezinso zakho ungase uthinteke kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kuyatholakala futhi kungaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezingacaci noma ngenhloso yokuhlela umndeni. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ngokuvamile kwanele ekuxilongweni uma kuhlanganiswe nomlando womndeni kanye nezimpawu.

Iyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Nakuba ayikho impumuzo ye-PKD, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungayeka ukuqhubeka kwayo futhi kukusize ulawule izimpawu. Umgomo ukukugcina uzizwa uphilile futhi uvikele umsebenzi wezinso zakho isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukulawula kwegazi ngokuvamile kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa. Ukugcina ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kusezingeni elihle kungayeka kakhulu ukonakala kwezinso. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi ebizwa nge-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARBs, akhethekile ekuvikeleni izinso.

Nge-autosomal dominant PKD, imithi ebizwa nge-tolvaptan ingasiza ekuyekekeni ukukhula kwe-cyst nokulondoloza umsebenzi wezinso. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kangcono uma kuqalwa ngaphambi kokuba kulimale kakhulu izinso, nakuba kudinga ukulandelela okuvamile.

Ukulawula izinkinga kubalulekile futhi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ama-antibiotics ngokutheleleka kwezinso, imithi yama-kidney stones, noma ukwelashwa kwezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokwenza uhlelo olufanele izidingo zakho.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Nge-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Ukuzinakekela ekhaya kudlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni i-PKD ngokuphumelelayo. Ukushintsha okulula kwesitayela sempilo kungenza umehluko wangempela endleleni ozizwa ngayo nendlela isimo sakho siqhubeka ngayo.

Ukugcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi kusiza izinso zakho ukuba zisebenze kangcono futhi kunganciphisa ingozi yama-kidney stones. Zama ukuphuza amanzi anele ukuze umchamo wakho ube mnyama obomvu usuku lonke.

Ukulandela ukudla okuhle kwezinso kungasekele impilo yakho yonke. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukudla usawoti oluphansi, ukulinganisela ukudla okucutshunguliwe, nokufaka izithelo nemifino eminingi. Udokotela wakho noma u-dietitian bangakunika isiqondiso esithile esisekelwe emsebenzini wezinso zakho.

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile kuzuzisa inhliziyo yakho, ukuqina kwegazi, kanye nempilo yonke. Abantu abaningi abane-PKD bangazivocavoca ngokujwayelekile, nakuba ungase ufune ukugwema imidlalo yokuqhakambisa engase ilime izinso ezinkulu.

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukulala okuhle, nemisebenzi ejabulisayo kusekela isimiso sakho sokukhuselwa kanye nempilo yonke. Ungakubukeli phansi amandla okunakekela okuhle ekulawuleni noma yiliphi isimo esiqhubekayo.

I-Polycystic Kidney Disease Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Njengoba i-PKD idluliselwa, awukwazi ukuvimbela uhlobo lwe-genetic lesi simo. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwayo nokuvimbela izinkinga uma usuke wazi ukuthi unayo.

Uma i-PKD iqhubeka emndenini wakho, ukunakekelwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza uqonde izingozi zakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngokuhlela umndeni. Lokhu akushintshi ukuthi unalesi simo, kodwa kukusiza ukuba ulungiselele futhi uhlele.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuhlolwa kuvumela ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside. Uma unemlando womndeni we-PKD, xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi nini ukuhlolwa kungase kufaneleke.

Ukuphila ngesitayela sempilo esinempilo yezinso kusukela ebuntwaneni kuzuzisa wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-PKD noma cha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukungabhemi, ukulinganisela utshwala, nokulawula ezinye izimo zempilo njengesi-diabetes.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Isikhathi Sakho Sokubona Udokotela?

Ukulungiselela isikhathi sakho sokubona udokotela kukusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.

Buka umlando wakho womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi izihlobo ezine-kidney disease, ukuqina kwegazi, noma i-PKD. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekulinganisweni kwedokotela wakho nokuhlela ukwelashwa.

Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo. Faka izilinganiso nokuthi ubathatha kangaki. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta umsebenzi wezinso, ngakho-ke lolu lwazi lubalulekile.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe uqinisekile ngohlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa.

Yini Eyinhloko Ngokuphathelene ne-Polycystic Kidney Disease?

I-PKD yisimo esilawuleka esithinta wonke umuntu ngokuhlukile. Nakuba kuyisimo sempilo yonke, abantu abaningi abane-PKD baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokuphathwa kwesitayela sempilo.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma unemlando womndeni we-PKD, cabanga ngokuxoxa ngokuhlolwa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-PKD akukukhombi noma ukulinganisela lokho ongakukwazi ukufeza. Ngokwelashwa namasu okuphatha namuhla, ungalawola impilo yakho futhi uqhubeke uphishekela imigomo nemiphumela yakho.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, uzinakekele, futhi ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ufuna ukwesekwa uma ulikhona. Awuwedwa kule ndlela.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuphathelene ne-Polycystic Kidney Disease

Ungaphila impilo evamile nge-polycystic kidney disease?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-PKD baphila impilo egcwele, evamile. Nakuba lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha nokushintsha kwesitayela sempilo, akudingeki silimise umsebenzi wakho, ubuhlobo, noma imisebenzi yakho. Isibonelo ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukulandela izincomo zokwelashwa, nokugcina isitayela sempilo esinempilo. Abantu abaningi abane-PKD basebenza, bahamba, bazivocavoca, futhi bajabulela zonke izinto ezibalulekile kubo.

Ingabe abantwana bami ngokuqinisekile bazokwazi i-PKD uma nginayo?

Uma une-autosomal dominant PKD, ngamunye wabantwana bakho unethuba lika-50% lokufumana lesi simo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufana kakhulu ukuthi bazokuthola noma cha. Nge-autosomal recessive PKD, abantwana bakho bazodinga ukufumana ama-gene aphoqelekile komabili abazali ukuze bathuthukise lesi simo. Ukubonisana kwe-genetic kungakusiza uqonde isimo sakho esithile nezinketho zokuhlela umndeni.

I-polycystic kidney disease iqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ukuqhubeka kwe-PKD kuyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu bagcina umsebenzi omuhle wezinso amashumi eminyaka, kanti abanye bangase bahlangabezane nokuqhubeka okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile, i-autosomal dominant PKD iqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Izici njengokulawula kwegazi, impilo yonke, kanye ne-gene ethile ehilelekile zingathinta ukuthi lesi simo siqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukulandelela okuvamile kusiza ekuqondeni izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe ukushintsha kokudla kungasiza ekuyekekeni ukuqhubeka kwe-PKD?

Nakuba ukudla kudwa kungakwazi ukuyeka i-PKD, ukudla ukudla okuhle kwezinso kungasiza ekuyekekeni ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa izinkinga. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukulinganisela usawoti, ukugcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi, ukudla izithelo nemifino eminingi, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-protein kungase kube usizo, kodwa kufanele usebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma u-dietitian ukwenza uhlelo oluhambisana nezidingo zakho.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca ngezinso ezinkulu ezivela ku-PKD?

Abantu abaningi abane-PKD bangazivocavoca ngokuphephile futhi kufanele bahlale bekhuthele ngenxa yempilo yabo yonke. Noma kunjalo, ungase udinga ukugwema imidlalo yokuqhakambisa noma imisebenzi enengozi enkulu yokulimaza esiswini engase ilime izinso ezinkulu. Imisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukujika ibhayisikili, kanye ne-yoga ngokuvamile iphephile futhi izuzisa. Xoxa njalo ngezinhlelo zakho zokuzivocavoca nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole izincomo ezifanele ubukhulu bezinso zakho nempilo yonke.