Ukuqhuma Kwelanga Okuningi

Ukuqhuma kokukhanya okuningi yisikhumba esibangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga kubantu abathuthukise ukuqabuleka ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Le sikhumba sivame ukubonakala njengezimpukane ezincane eziqholiwe noma amaqatha alula esikhumba.

Izimpawu zesikhumba esiqabukayo ekuqabukeni kokukhanya okuningi zingafaka:

• Amaqembu ahlanganisiwe amabhulashi amancane nezinhlungu
• Izicucu eziphakanyisiwe, ezinobuhlungu
• Ukukhahlela noma ukushisa

Imbangela eqondile yokuqhuma kokukhanya okuningi ayiqondakali. Isiboshwa sibonakala kubantu abathuthukise ukuqaphela ukukhanya kwelanga, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya oku-ultraviolet (UV) okuvela elangeni noma ezinye izinto, njengemibhede yokubasa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-photosensitivity. Kuholela emsebenzini we-immune system obangela isiboshwa.

Noma yini ingathuthukisa ukuqhuma kokukhanya okuningi, kepha izinto eziningi zihambisana nengozi enkulu yesimo:

• Ukuba owesifazane
• Ukuba nokhumba oluvuthayo kalula elangeni
• Ukuhlala emazweni asenyakatho
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesimo

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo cishe angenza ukuxilongwa kokukhanya okuningi okubangelwa ukukhanya ngokuhlolwa komzimba nezimpendulo zakho zemibuzo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akufune ukwenza izivivinyo zelebhu ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa noma ukuphikisa ezinye izimo. Izivivinyo zingafaka:

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase adinge ukuphikisa ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukukhanya. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:

• I-biopsy yesikhumba. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ususa isampula yethishu yesikhumba (i-biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri.

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa lithatha igazi ukuze lihlolwe elabhoratri.

• Ukuhlolwa kokukhanya. Ochwepheshe bezimo zesikhumba (i-dermatologist) ubeka izindawo ezincane zesikhumba sakho emazingeni ahlukahlukene okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet A (UVA) ne-ultraviolet B (UVB) ukuze azame ukubuyisela inkinga. Uma isikhumba sakho sisabela ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (UV), kubhekwa njengoba une-photosensitive futhi ungaba ne-polymorphous light eruption noma enye inkinga ebangelwa ukukhanya.

• Ukukhanya okubangelwa amakhemikhali. Inani lamakhemikhali — imithi, ama-lotion anezidakamizwa, izinto zokunambitha, imikhiqizo yemifino — angabangela i-photosensitivity. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isikhumba sisabela njalo lapho sikhanyiselwa ilanga ngemuva kokudla noma ukuxhumana ne-kemikhali ethile.

• I-Solar urticaria. I-Solar urticaria ukusabela okubangelwa ilanga okubangela i-hives — ukuphakama, ukuvuvukala, ukukhahlela okuphakamayo okuvela futhi kuyahamba esikhumbeni. Ukuphakama kungase kuvele ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa yokukhanya kwelanga futhi kuhlale imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. I-Solar urticaria yisimo esiqhubekayo esingagcina iminyaka eminingi.

• Ukukhanya kwe-Lupus. I-Lupus yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala esithinta izinhlangothi eziningi zomzimba. Esinye isibonakaliso ukubonakala kokukhanya okuphakamileyo ezindaweni zesikhumba esikhanyiselwa ilanga, njengobuso, intamo noma isifuba esiphezulu.

Ukuphathwa kokubhebhetheka kokukhanya okuningi ngokuvamile akudingeki ngoba isihlungu ngokuvamile siyaphela ngokwalo phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-10. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase abele iyeza lokulwa nokukhahlela (ikhilimu noma iphilisi le-corticosteroid). Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aphakamise i-phototherapy ukuvimbela izehlakalo zesizini zokubhebhetheka kokukhanya okuningi uma unezimpawu ezikhubaza. Lokhu kubonisa isikhumba kumathenda amancane okukhanya kwe-UVA noma i-UVB okusisiza isikhumba sethu singabi namandla ekukhanyeni. Kulingisa ukwanda kokukhanya ongase uhlangane nakho ebusika.

Izindlela zokunakekela uqobo ezingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu nezibonakaliso zihlanganisa:

Ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuphinda kube khona izigameko ze-polymorphous light eruption, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Fihla. Ukuvikela elangeni, gqoka izingubo ezicwebezelayo ezihlanganisa izandla nezinyawo. Cabanga ngokugqoka isigqoko esibanzi, esinikeza isivikelo esiningi kunesigqoko noma i-visor.

Cabanga ngokugqoka izingubo ezenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngesivikelo selanga. Bheka izingubo ezinamabhethri e-ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) angu-40 kuya ku-50. Landela imiyalelo yokunakekela elebula lezingubo ezivala ilanga ukuze ugcine isici sawo esivikela.

• Ukuthinta i-cream yokulwa nokukhazimula. Zama i-cream yokulwa nokukhazimula engekho ngaphansi komthetho, engase ihlanganise imikhiqizo ehlanganisa okungenani i-hydrocortisone engu-1%.

• Ukuthatha ama-antihistamines. Uma ukukhazimula kuyinkinga, ama-antihistamines omhlathi angasiza.

• Ukusebenzisa izicubu ezibandayo. Faka ithusi elimanzi emanzini abandayo emathanjeni. Noma thatha umhluzi obandayo.

• Ukushiya ama-blisters adlule. Ukuze usheshiswe ukululama futhi ugweme ukutheleleka, shiya ama-blisters angathintiwe. Uma kudingeka, ungagqoka ama-blisters ngokukhanya nge-gauze.

• Ukuthatha umhluzi wobuhlungu. Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engekho ngaphansi komthetho ingasiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.

• Vikele isihlungu ekukhanyeni kwelanga okwengeziwe. Uma uya ngaphandle, vala indawo lapho isihlungu sakhula khona.

• Gwema ilanga phakathi kwama-10 ekuseni naku-2 ntambama. Ngenxa yokuthi imisebe yelanga inamandla kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, zama ukuhlela imisebenzi yangaphandle ngezinye izikhathi zosuku.

• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen. Imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle, sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi, eyinikeza isivikelo kokubili ukukhanya kwe-UVA ne-UVB. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen enesici sokuvikela ilanga (SPF) okungenani angu-30. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ngokukhulu, bese uyayisebenzisa kabusha njalo ngemizuzu emibili — noma ngokuphindaphindiwe uma ugeza noma ukhanyisa. Uma usebenzisa i-sunscreen yesiphuzo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanganisa yonke indawo ngokuphelele.

• Fihla. Ukuvikela elangeni, gqoka izingubo ezicwebezelayo ezihlanganisa izandla nezinyawo. Cabanga ngokugqoka isigqoko esibanzi, esinikeza isivikelo esiningi kunesigqoko noma i-visor.

Cabanga ngokugqoka izingubo ezenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngesivikelo selanga. Bheka izingubo ezinamabhethri e-ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) angu-40 kuya ku-50. Landela imiyalelo yokunakekela elebula lezingubo ezivala ilanga ukuze ugcine isici sawo esivikela.