Polymyositis

I-Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) yiyona kwezinye izifo ezibangela ukuvuvukala okubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha oqala kokubili eceleni lomzimba wakho. Ukuba naleli gciwane kungakwenza kube nzima ukuya phezulu kwezitebhisi, ukuvuka esihlalweni, ukuphakamisa izinto noma ukufinyelela ngaphezulu.

I-Polymyositis ihlala iqala kubantu abadala abasebasha babo-30, 40 noma 50. Abafazi bahlale bathinteka kakhulu kunamadoda. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala kancane kancane, ezinyangeni noma ezeminyaka.

Nakuba ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-polymyositis, ukwelashwa—okuhlanganisa imithi nokuqeqeshwa komzimba—kungathuthukisa amandla emisipha nomsebenzi wakho.

Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhambisana ne-polymyositis buhilela imisipha eseduze nomzimba, njengaleyo emathangeni, emathangeni, emagxeni, ezingalweni eziphezulu nasezimbambalwini. Ubuthakathaka buthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba wakho, futhi buyaqhubeka bukhula kancane kancane. Funani usizo lochwepheshe kwezokwelapha uma uthola ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungachazwanga.

Funani usizo lokuwelapha uma uthuthukisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungachazwanga.

Imbangela eqondile ye-polymyositis ayaziwa, kodwa leli gciwane lihlanganyela izici eziningi nezifo ze-autoimmune, lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sihlasele ngephutha izicubu zomzimba wakho.

Ubungozi bakho be-polymyositis bukhulu uma une-lupus, isifo se-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma, noma i-Sjogren's syndrome.

Izingozi ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-polymyositis zihlanganisa:

• Ukubuthakathaka kokugwinya. Uma izicubu eziqondene nokugwinya ekhanda lakho zithinteka, ungase ube nezinkinga zokugwinya (dysphagia), okungase kubangele ukunciphisa isisindo nokondleka okungalungile.
• I-pneumonia yokungena kokudla emphefumulweni. Ukubuthakathaka kokugwinya kungase futhi kubangele ukuphefumula ukudla noma izinto eziphuzwayo, kuhlanganise namalimi, emphefumulweni (aspiration), okungase kubangele i-pneumonia.
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula. Uma izicubu zesifuba zithinteka yileli gciwane, ungase ube nezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula kanzima noma, ezimweni ezinkulu, ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.

Nakuba lokhu kungezona izingozi, i-polymyositis ivame ukuxhumene nezinye izimo ezingase zibangele ezinye izingozi, noma ngokuhlanganyela nezimpawu ze-polymyositis. Izimo ezihambisanayo zihlanganisa:

• I-Raynaud's phenomenon. Lokhu yisimo lapho iminwe yakho, iminwe yokuqala, amaphepha, khona, neendlebe kuqala zibe mhlophe lapho zithinteka yizimo ezibandayo.
• Ezinye izifo zezicubu ezihlanganisa. Ezinye izimo, njenge-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma ne-Sjogren's syndrome, zingase zenzeke ngokuhlanganyela ne-polymyositis.
• Isifo senhliziyo. I-polymyositis ingase ibe yimbangela yokuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-muscular zehliziyo (myocarditis). Kubantu abancani abane-polymyositis, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo kungase kuqale.
• Isifo sephunga. Isimo esibizwa nge-interstitial lung disease singase senzeke nge-polymyositis. I-Interstitial lung disease ibhekisela eqenjini lezingozi ezibangela ukwakheka kwezicubu (fibrosis) zephunga, okwenza amaphaphu abe nzima futhi angaguquki. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhokha okwomile nokuqina kokuphefumula.
• Umshuza. Abantu abane-polymyositis banengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.

Uma dokotela wakho engabaza ukuthi unayo i-polymyositis, angase asikisele ezinye zezivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Uvivinyo lwegazi luzokwazisa udokotela wakho uma unemazinga aphezulu e-enzymes yemisipha, okuyingqophamlando yokulimaza kwemisipha. Uvivinyo lwegazi lungase futhi luthola ama-autoantibodies athile ahlobene nezimpawu ezahlukene ze-polymyositis, okuyosisiza ekutholeni imithi engcono kakhulu nokwelashwa.
• I-Electromyography. Lovivinyo luhilela ukufaka i-electrode encane yensimbi ngesikhumba kuya emsopha. Kulinganiselwa umsebenzi wamagetsi njengoba ukhululeka noma uqinisa umsipha, futhi ukushintsha kwesakhiwo somsebenzi wamagetsi kungaqinisekisa isifo semisipha. Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola ukusabalala kwesifo ngokuvivinya imisipha ehlukene.
• Ukucubungula nge-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). I-scanner yenza izithombe zesigaba somsipha wakho kusuka ku-data evela endaweni enamandla ye-magnetic ne-radio waves. Ngokungafani ne-muscle biopsy, i-MRI ingalinganisa ukuvuvukala endaweni enkulu yemisipha.
• I-Muscle biopsy. Ngalesi sivivinyo, ingxenye encane yethishu yemisipha isuswa ngokusebenza ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ukuhlolwa kungase kuveze ukungapheleli, njengokuvuvukala, ukulimala, amaprotheni athile noma ukungabi khona kwe-enzyme.

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-polymyositis, ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa amandla emisipha yakho kanye nokusebenza. Ukwelashwa okuqalwa ekuqaleni kwenkambo ye-polymyositis, kuyaphuma ngokuphumelelayo - okuholela ekutheni kube nezinkinga ezincane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunjalo ezimweni eziningi, akukho ndlela eyodwa engcono kakhulu; udokotela wakho uzokwenza isu lokwelashwa lakho ngokususelwa ezimpahleni zakho nokuthi ziphendula kangcono kanjani ekwelapheni. Imithi evame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-polymyositis ihlanganisa:

• I-Corticosteroids. Imithi efana ne-prednisone ingaba nomphumela omuhle ekulawuleni izimpahlanzima ze-polymyositis. Kodwa-ke ukusetshenziswa okuhlala isikhathi eside kwale mithi kungaba nemiphumela emibi futhi ebanzi, kungakho udokotela wakho anganciphisa kancane inani lomuthi ukuze libe ngezinye izigaba eziphansi.
• Izinto ezigcina i-Corticosteroid. Uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye ne-corticosteroid, le mithi inganciphisa inani nemiphumela emibi ye-corticosteroid. Imithi emibili evame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ye-polymyositis yi-azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran) ne-methotrexate (Trexall). Eminye imithi ebhaliwe ye-polymyositis ihlanganisa i-mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), i-cyclosporine ne-tacrolimus.
• IRituximab (Rituxan). Evame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo se-rheumatoid arthritis, i-rituximab iyisinqumo uma ukwelashwa kokuqala kungalawuli kahle izimpahlanzima zakho ze-polymyositis.

Kuye ngokubaluleka kwezimpahlanzima zakho, udokotela wakho angakuncoma:

• Ukuphathwa komzimba. Umphengululi womzimba angakubonisa ukuzivocavoca ukuze ugcine futhi uthuthukise amandla akho nokuqina kwakho futhi akuqondise izinga elifanele lomsebenzi.
• Ukuphathwa kokukhuluma. Uma imisipha yakho yokugwinya ibuthakathaka yi-polymyositis, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungakusiza ufunde ukuthi ungawenza kanjani umsebenzi ngalezo zinguquko.

I-immunoglobulin ye-Intravenous (IVIg) iyimikhiqizo yegazi ehlanzekile enezinsimbi zempilo ezivela kuma-thousands wabanikazi begazi. Lezi zinsimbi zempilo zingavimba izinsimbi ezilimazayo ezihlasela imisipha ku-polymyositis. Ihlinzekwa njengokufakwa ngomqondo, ukwelashwa kwe-IVIg kungadingeka kwenziwe njalo ukuze imiphumela iqhubeke.

Ukuphila nesifo esingapheli esiyisifo sokuzimela komzimba kungakwenza uzibuze ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi uyakwazi yini ukubhekana nalesi sithi. Ukuze sikusize ubhekane nalesi simo, zama ukwengeza ukunakekelwa kwakho kwezokwelapha ngalezi ziqondiso:

• Yazi isifo sakho. Funda konke ongakufunda nge-polymyositis nezinye izifo zemisipha nezinye izifo zokuzimela komzimba. Khuluma nabanye abantu abanesimo esifanayo. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nesifo sakho, ukuxilongwa noma uhlelo lokwelashwa.
• Yiba yingxenye yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Zibheke wena, udokotela wakho nanoma yibaphi omunye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abahilelekile njengomqondo owodwa ekulweni nesifo sakho. Ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluvumelene nakho kubalulekile. Gcina udokotela wakho ebuyekezwe nganoma yiziphi izimpahlanzima ezintsha noma izimpahlanzima ongazibona.
• Yazi futhi uqiniseke ngemingcele yakho. Funda ukusho cha ngokuphumelelayo bese ucela usizo uma uyakudinga.
• Phumula uma ukhathele. Ungalindi uze ukhulu ukhathele. Lokhu kuzokwenza ubuyele emuva njengoba umzimba wakho uzama ukuphulukisa. Ukufunda ukuzibamba kungakusiza ugcine izinga elihlala lilingana kwamandla, ufinyelele okuningi futhi uzizwe kangcono ngokomzwelo.
• Vuma imizwa yakho. Ukuphika, intukuthelo nokukhungatheka kuyimizwa evamile uma kufanele ubhekane nesifo. Izinto azibonakali zivamile noma zilungile futhi cishe azilawuleki. Imizwa yokwesaba nokukhahlela iyavame, ngakho-ke hlala eduze nomndeni wakho nabangane bakho. Zama ukugcina umkhuba wakho wansuku zonke ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungawunaki ukwenza izinto ozithandayo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi amaqembu asekelayo ayiyithuluzi elisiza.

Ukuphila nesifo esingapheli sokuziphatha komzimba kungakwenza uzibuze ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi uyakwazi yini ukubhekana nalesi sithi. Ukuze sikusize ubhekane nalesi simo, zama ukwengeza lokhu okulandelayo ekunakekelweni kwakho kwezokwelapha: Yazana nesifo sakho. Funda konke ongakufunda nge-polymyositis nezinye izifo zamasculoskeletal kanye nezinye izifo zokuziphatha komzimba. Khuluma nabanye abantu abanesimo esifanayo. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nesifo sakho, ukuxilongwa noma uhlelo lokwelashwa. Yiba yingxenye yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Zibheke wena, udokotela wakho nanoma yibaphi omunye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abahilelekile njengomqhele owodwa ekulweni nesifo sakho. Ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluvumelene ngalo kubalulekile. Gcina udokotela wakho ebuyekeziwe mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo. Yazana futhi uqiniseke ngemingcele yakho. Funda ukusho cha ngokuphumelelayo bese ucela usizo uma uyakudinga. Phumula uma ukhathele. Ungalindi uze ukhuluphale. Lokhu kuzokwenza ubuyele emuva kakhulu njengoba umzimba wakho uzama ukuphulukisa. Ukufunda ukuzibamba kungakusiza ugcine amazinga ahlala njalo kwamandla, ufinyelele okuningi futhi uzizwe kangcono ngokomzwelo. Vuma imizwa yakho. Ukuphika, intukuthelo nokudumazeka kuyimizwa evamile uma kufanele ubhekane nesifo. Izinto azibonakali zivamile noma zilungile futhi cishe zibonakala zingaphansi kolawulo lwakho. Imizwa yokwesaba nokuzihlukanisa ivamile, ngakho-ke hlala eduze nomndeni wakho nabangane bakho. Zama ukugcina umkhuba wakho wansuku zonke ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungawuyekezeli ukwenza izinto ozithandayo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi amaqembu wokusekela ayiyithuluzi elusizo.