Iyini i-Polymyositis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Polymyositis yisimo sesistimu yomzimba lapho uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho luhlasela ngokungalungile izicubu zemisipha yakho, kubangele ukuvuvukala nobuthakathaka. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho oludideka futhi luqondisa ukhuni oluphilile lwemisipha esikhundleni sezitha eziyingozi.

Lesi simo sihlanganisa ikakhulukazi imisipha eseduze nomzimba wakho, njengaleyo emagxeni akho, ezinqenqemeni, nasemadolweni. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, ukuqonda i-polymyositis kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha futhi usebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uliphathe kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-polymyositis?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko se-polymyositis yibuthakathaka bemisipha elikhula kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ungase uqale uqaphele ukuthi kunzima ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukuphakamisa izandla zakho phezu kwekhanda lakho, noma ukuvuka esihlalweni.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi emagxeni akho, ezinqenqemeni, nasemadolweni
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukushintsha kwezwi lakho
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nokuthambile
• Ukukhathala okungapheli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzimisela

Abanye abantu baphuthuma izimpawu ezingavamile njengobunhlungu bamalunga, ukufiphaza, noma isikhumba esincane. Ubuthakathaka buhlanganisa ngokuvamile izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba wakho ngokulinganayo, okungasiza odokotela ukuthi bahlukanise nokulimala kwemisipha.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-polymyositis ingathinta imisipha yenhliziyo yakho noma imisipha ehilelekile ekuphefumuleni. Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingavamile, kungakho ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke nokuthula kwakho.

Yini ebangela i-polymyositis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-polymyositis ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi yisifo sesistimu yomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho, olukuvikela ngokuvamile ekuthelelekeni, luqaphela ngokungalungile izicubu zemisipha yakho njengabangaphandle futhi lulihlasela.

Izici eziningana zingase zivuselele le mpendulo yesistimu yomzimba:

• Ukutheleleka ngama-viral, njenge-Epstein-Barr virus noma i-influenza
• Ukutheleleka ngama-bacteria
• Imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi eminye imithi yokunciphisa i-cholesterol
• Izici ze-genetic ezenza ube sengozini enkulu
• Izici zezindawo ezingaphandle njengokubekwa elangeni noma ukucindezeleka

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-polymyositis ayithatheki, futhi awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu. Lesi simo futhi asizuziwe ngqo, nakuba ukuba nezinhlobo ezithile ze-gene kungase kukwenze ube nokwenzeka okukhulu ukuthi uthuthukise.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-polymyositis ingahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala kuno-50. Lo xhumano luvela cishe ku-10-15% yezimo futhi kungakho udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa komdlavuza njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-polymyositis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo obuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi uma imisebenzi elula njengokuhlamba izinwele zakho, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ukuvuka esihlalweni ibe nzima kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuginya, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu bemisipha obukhulu. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi lesi simo sithinta imisebenzi ebalulekile futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kungasiza ukuvimbela ukonakala kwemisipha okungapheli nokuthuthukisa i-outlook yakho yesikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa amaviki athile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihambelana ne-polymyositis noma enye isimo.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-polymyositis?

Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani onokwenzeka okukhulu ukuthi athuthukise i-polymyositis kungakusiza uhlale uqaphele izimpawu ezingaba khona. Lesi simo sithinta abantu ngezindlela ezihlukene, kodwa izici ezithile zanda ingozi yakho.

Izici zengozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengu-60, nakuba kungase kwenzeke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ukuba owesifazane, njengoba abesifazane banokwenzeka kabili ukuthi bathuthukise lesi simo
• Ukuba nezinye izimo zesimiso somzimba njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wezifo zesimiso somzimba
• Ukutheleleka kwangoko ngama-viral noma ama-bacteria

Ezinye izici zengozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukudalulwa ezinto eziyingozi zezindawo ezingaphandle noma ukuthatha imithi ethile. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile i-polymyositis.

Abantu abaningi abanazo izici zengozi abazithuthukisi lesi simo, futhi abanye abantu abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo bayenza. Ingozi yakho yomuntu siqu ixhomeke ekuxubeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-genetic, ezokuzungezile, nezici zesimiso somzimba.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-polymyositis?

Nakuba i-polymyositis ilawuleka ngokwelashwa okufanele, kuyinto yemvelo ukukhathazeka ngezinkinga ezingaba khona. Abantu abaningi bayenza kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, kodwa ukwazi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona kukusiza ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Izinkinga ezivamile okufanele uzikwazi zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuginya, okungase kube yimbangela yokukhahlela noma ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula uma imisipha eseduze namaphaphu akho ithinteka
• Ukungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo noma ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu noma ukugcwala kwezinye izimo
• Ukungena engozini yokwehla ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukwehluka okukhulu kwemisipha noma izinkinga zezinso ezivela eprotheni yemisipha eya egazini lakho. Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise ama-calcium deposits emisipha yabo noma esikhuneni.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, izinkinga eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kusiza ukuqaphela noma iyiphi inkinga ngokushesha lapho iphelelwa khona.

I-polymyositis ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-polymyositis kuhilela amaviki amaningana ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa olulodwa oluqinisayo lesi simo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okuhle kakhulu nokubuyekezwa kwezimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinto eziphakeme ze-enzyme yemisipha nama-antibodies athile. Lezi zihloko zisiza ukubonisa ukuthi imisipha yakho yonakele yini nokuthi uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho luhilelekile yini.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwe-electromyography (EMG), olulinganisa umsebenzi wamagetsi emisipha yakho. Lolu hlolo olungapheli luyakwazi ukubonisa izindlela ezivamile zezifo zemisipha eziqhumayo njenge-polymyositis.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuxilongwa kwemisipha kungase kudingeke. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yesicubu semisipha ukuze uhlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo ngezimpawu zokuvuvukala nokonakala. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhathaza, kuyinqubo evamile enikeza ulwazi oluwusizo lokuxilongwa.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kuhlanganise i-X-rays yesifuba noma i-CT scans ukuhlola amaphaphu akho nenhliziyo. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ngokugcwele ubukhulu besimo futhi ahlele ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuphathwa kwe-polymyositis kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-polymyositis kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala, ukulondoloza umsebenzi wemisipha, nokuvimbela izinkinga. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bayaphendula kahle ekwelapheni futhi bangagcina ikhwalithi yempilo enhle.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa cishe luzohlanganisa izindlela eziningana:

• I-Corticosteroids njenge-prednisone ukuze kunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokushesha
• Imithi yokucindezela isimiso somzimba ukuze kusize ulawule uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho
• I-Physical therapy ukuze kulondolozwe amandla emisipha nokuguquguquka
• Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kulandelelwe intuthuko yakho nokwenza ukwelashwa kube ngcono
• Ukuphathwa kwanoma iyiphi inkinga evela

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngemithi ukulawula ukuvuvukala emisipha yakho. I-Corticosteroids ngokuvamile inikeza intuthuko esheshayo, nakuba cishe uzodinga eminye imithi yokuphathwa isikhathi eside.

I-Physical therapy idlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwakho. Uchwepheshe oqeqeshwe kahle angaklama imisebenzi esiza ekulondolozeni amandla emisipha yakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izicubu eziqhumayo ngokweqile. Lo mbono ubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukonakala kwemisipha okungapheli.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho ukwelashwa okuvamile kungasebenzi khona, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukwelashwa okusha njenge-intravenous immunoglobulin noma i-biologics. Lokhu ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kungaba usizo kakhulu kubantu abangaphenduli emithini evamile.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-polymyositis ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-polymyositis ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela impilo yakho yonke ngenkathi usekela ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo nokuthi usebenza kanjani.

Gxilisa ukusebenza komzimba okuthambile, okuqhubekayo njengoba kunconywe yi-physical therapist yakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imisebenzi yokunyakaza, ukwelula okuthambile, noma ukuhamba okufushane. Okubalulekile ukuhlala usebenzayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisipha yakho ngokweqile.

Qaphela ukudla kwakho nokudla. Ukudla ukudla okuqondile okunamaprotheni amaningi kungasiza ekusekeleni impilo yemisipha, kuyilapho i-calcium ne-vitamin D kubalulekile uma uthatha i-corticosteroids isikhathi eside.

Zithathe kancane usuku lonke futhi ulalele umzimba wakho. Kulungile ukuphumula uma udinga, futhi ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi emikhulu kube yizigaba ezincane, ezilawuleka kungakusiza uhlale uzimele ngenkathi ulondoloza amandla.

Cabanga ngokwenza ikhaya lakho libe liphephile ngokususa izinto ezingase zibangele ukuwela, ukufaka ama-grab bars ezihlanzini, nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okuhle. Lezi zinguquko ezilula zingavimbela ukuwela futhi zikunikeze ukuzethemba ukuhamba endaweni yakho.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kukusiza ukuthi wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izongezo, nama-vitamin owuthathayo. Faka imithamo nokuthi uyithatha kangaki, njengoba imithi ethile ingathinta umsebenzi wemisipha noma ihlangane nokuphathwa kwe-polymyositis.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Ungangabazi ukubuza ngemiphumela emibi yemithi noma ukuthi lesi simo singathinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke nempilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-appointment yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sizwakale sengathi kuyinkulumo ebiwe.

Gcina idayari yesimpawu phakathi kwama-appointment, uqaphele amazinga akho amandla, amandla emisipha, nanoma iyiphi isimo esisha. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi alandelele intuthuko yakho futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana ne-polymyositis?

I-Polymyositis yisimo sesimiso somzimba esilawuleka esithinta imisipha yakho, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangagcina umsebenzi omuhle nekhwalithi yempilo. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokukhathalela kwezokwelapha okufanele kubalulekile ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona. Ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuhlala usebenzayo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, nokunakekela impilo yakho yonke kungakusiza uhlale uphila kahle naleli simo.

Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukungabhekani nalokhu wedwa. Abanikezeli bakho bezempilo, umndeni, namanethiwekhi akho wokusekela bakhona ukuze bakusize uqhubeke nale ndlela futhi ulondoloze ukuzimela kwakho nokuthula kwakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-polymyositis

Ingabe i-polymyositis ifana ne-fibromyalgia?

Cha, i-polymyositis ne-fibromyalgia izimo ezihlukene. I-Polymyositis ibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha obukhona ngenxa yokuvuvukala, kuyilapho i-fibromyalgia ibangela ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu nokuthambile ngaphandle kobuthakathaka bemisipha. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuxilongwa kwemisipha kungasiza odokotela ukuthi bahlukanise phakathi kwalezi zimo.

Ingabe i-polymyositis ingangena ekuphumuleni?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-polymyositis bahlangabezana nezikhathi zokuphumula lapho izimpawu ziphucuka kakhulu noma ziyaphela okwesikhashana. Noma kunjalo, lesi simo ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphumula nokuvimbela ukubuyela emuva. Udokotela wakho uzosisebenza nawe ukuze uthole ukulingana okufanele kwemithi.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuthatha imithi impilo yami yonke?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu ekugcineni banganciphisa noma bayeke imithi uma isimo sabo sihlala siqinile, kuyilapho abanye bedinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukubuyela kwezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha njalo ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani uhlelo lwakho lwemithi ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho ekwelapheni.

Ingabe ngingasebenza ngokomzimba nge-polymyositis?

Yebo, kodwa uhlobo namandla okusebenza komzimba kufanele aqondiswe yiqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo. Ukusebenza komzimba okuthambile, okuqhubekayo empeleni kuwusizo ekulondolozeni umsebenzi wemisipha nokuvimbela ubunzima. I-Physical therapist ingaklama uhlelo lokusebenza komzimba oluphephile olusebenza ngezinga lakho lamanje lamandla emisipha nokuvuvukala.

Ingabe i-polymyositis ithonya isikhathi sokuphila?

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-polymyositis banesikhathi sokuphila esivamile noma esiseduze nesivamile. Okubalulekile ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele kwesimo nanoma iyiphi inkinga. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nodokotela wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu yesikhathi eside.