Ukuqala Kwe-Prediabetes? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Prediabetes kusho ukuthi amazinga akho eshukela egazini aphezulu kunokujwayelekile kodwa awaphezulu ngokwanele ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yokuxwayisa yomzimba wakho, ikunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi kuyadingeka ukushintsha ukuvikela impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-96 baseMelika bane-prediabetes, futhi abaningi abazi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-prediabetes ayisiyona isigwebo sokuphila. Ngokulungiswa okucabangelwe kwesitayela sokuphila, uvame ukukwazi ukuyibuyisela emuva futhi unciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Iyini i-prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho uqala ukuba nezinkinga zokulawula kahle ushukela egazini. Amasheleni akho aqala ukungaphenduli kahle ku-insulin, i-hormone esiza ushukela ukuthi uhambe egazini lakho uye emasheleni akho ukuze uthole amandla.

I-pancreas yakho izama ukubuyisela ngokwenza i-insulin engaphezulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukugcina ngokwanele isidingo. Lokhu kudala indawo ephakathi lapho ushukela wakho egazini uphezulu kodwa awukawudluli emkhawulweni wendawo yesifo sikashukela.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqondisa i-prediabetes ngokusebenzisa amazinga athile eshukela egazini. Ishukela lakho egazini elikhulile lingalinganisa phakathi kuka-100-125 mg/dL, noma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-A1C kungabonisa i-5.7-6.4%. Lezi zinombolo zisitshela ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokulawula ushukela kodwa usenalo isikhathi sokulungisa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes ivame ukuthuthuka ngokuthula, kungakho ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi “isimo esithule.” Abantu abaningi bazizwa beqondile ngokuphelele futhi abanawo ama-symptom abonakalayo nhlobo.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuba zimuncu futhi kulula ukuzidela njengokukhathala kwansuku zonke noma ukucindezeleka. Nanka ama-sign umzimba wakho ongawakunikeza:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla
• Ukuomile okwandayo okungabonakali ukuthi kuya
• Ukudinga ukuya e-toilet njalo
• Ukubona okungacaci okuza nokubuyela
• Ukuphulukiswa kancane kwezicucu noma ukutheleleka okuvamile
• Ama-patch esikhumba amnyama, ikakhulukazi ezinweleni noma ezingalweni
• Indlala engajwayelekile, ngisho nasemuva kokudla

Ingxenye enzima ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kangangokuba ungase ungaziboni. Umzimba wakho uqhelelana nokuzizwa “ungapheli kahle” kwaze kwaba yinto yakho ejwayelekile.

Yini ebangela i-prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes ithuthuka lapho isimiso se-insulin somzimba wakho siqala ukungalungi kahle. Ukungaphenduli kahle kwe-insulin yisona isizathu esiyinhloko, lapho amasheleni akho engafuni ukusebenzisana ne-insulin njengoba kufanele.

Izinto eziningi zingase zifake isandla kule ngcindezi ye-insulin eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ukuphatha isisindo esengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ngasezingalweni
• Ukuphila impilo engenayo umsebenzi womzimba
• Ukudla ukudla okuningi okucutshungulwayo noshukela oluengeziwe
• Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo okugcina amazinga akho e-cortisol ephezulu
• Ukuphumula okubi noma ukungatholi ukulala okwanele
• I-genetics nomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela
• Ukushintsha okuphathelene nobudala endleleni umzimba wakho uqapha ushukela
• Imithi ethile njenge-steroids noma imithi ethile yegazi

Kuthiwa kanjalo, i-prediabetes ayibangelwa ukudla ushukela omningi kuphela. Kuyinto eningi ngendlela yonke impilo yakho ethonya ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulawula ushukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nini okumele ubone udokotela nge-prediabetes?

Kufanele uhlolwe nge-prediabetes uma uneminyaka engu-45 noma ngaphezulu, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Cabanga ngokuqala ukuhlolwa uma unezingozi ezifana nokuqina, ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, noma ukuba yingxenye yamaqembu ethu ethile anamazinga aphezulu esifo sikashukela. Abafazi ababenesi-gestational diabetes kufanele futhi baqhubeke nokuhlolwa njalo.

Ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Njengoba i-prediabetes ngokuvamile ingenazo izimpawu ezicacile, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile yilona luvikele lwenu oluhle kakhulu lokuyibamba ekuqaleni lapho kulula ukuyilapha.

Ziyini izingozi ze-prediabetes?

Ezinye izingozi ze-prediabetes zilawulwa, kanti ezinye azilawulwa. Ukuqonda womabili amaqembu kungakusiza ukugxila amandla akho ezintweni ezizokwenza umehluko omkhulu.

Izinto ongaziqondisa zihlanganisa:

• Isisindo sakho nokusabalala kokuthamba komzimba
• Ukuzivocavoca okwenzayo nsuku zonke
• Izindlela zakho zokudla nokukhetha ukudla
• Indlela olawula ngayo ukucindezeleka
• Ukuphumula kwakho nokuphila kwakho
• Uma ukhubaza noma usebenzisa imikhiqizo yotshwala

Izingozi ongenakuzishintsha kodwa kufanele uzazi:

• Ukuba neminyaka engu-45 noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuba nomzali noma umfowethu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• Ukuba umAfrika Mnyama, iHispanic, iNative American, noma i-Asian American
• Ukuba nesifo sikashukela se-gestational ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuba ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Ukuba nomlando wesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sobuchopho

Ngisho noma unezingozi eziningi ongenakuzishintsha, izingozi zesitayela sokuphila zisaphikisana kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abanokuthambekela okuqinile kwe-genetic abathuthuki besifo sikashukela ngenxa yokukhetha kwabo impilo enempilo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-prediabetes?

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu nge-prediabetes ukuthi ingathuthuka ibe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 uma ingalungiswa. Ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila, cishe i-15-30% yabantu abane-prediabetes bazokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, i-prediabetes ingaqala ukuthonya impilo yakho ngezindlela ezincane:

• Ukuwanda kengozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sobuchopho
• Amathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa izinkinga zokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi
• Amathuba amaningi okonakala kwama-nerve, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni zakho
• Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokubona nokwenzakala kwamehlo
• Ukuphulukiswa kancane kwezicucu nokuwanda kengozi yokutheleleka
• I-sleep apnea nezinye izifo zokulala
• Isifo se-fatty liver

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela azikho. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulawula i-prediabetes yakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubhekana nanoma yiziphi lezi zinkinga.

I-prediabetes ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-prediabetes kugxile ekugcineni kwesitayela sokuphila esinempilo esisekela ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuphatha ushukela egazini. Izindlela ezifanayo ezivimbela i-prediabetes zingayibuyekeza futhi uma usuvele unayo.

Gxila kulezi zindawo eziyinhloko zokuvimbela:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganiselayo nomsebenzi ojwayelekile
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselayo ngesonto
• Khetha ukudla okugcwele kunokukhetha okucutshungulwayo kakhulu
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula noma imisebenzi oyithandayo
• Beka phambili ukuthola amahora angu-7-9 okulala okuhle ubusuku ngobunye
• Gwema ukubhema futhi nciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile ukuze uthole izinguquko ekuqaleni

Izinguquko ezincane, eziqhubekayo ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono kunokuguqulwa okukhulu. Umzimba wakho uyaphendula kahle ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo ongakugcina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-prediabetes ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-prediabetes kuhilela ukuhlolwa okulula kwegazi okuqapha ukuthi umzimba wakho ulawula kanjani ushukela. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesiguli se-glucose (ngemva kokungadli isikhathi esingu-8-12 amahora)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C (kubonisa ushukela egazini ophakathi kweminyaka engu-2-3)
• Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose (kuqapha ushukela egazini ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphuza isisombululo esinomnandi)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesiguli se-glucose (kuthathiwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku)

Udokotela wakho angase aphinde ahlole ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi uma imiphumela isekubonakaleni. Ukuba nemiphumela emibili yokuhlolwa okungalungile ngezinsuku ezahlukene ngokuvamile kuqinisekisa i-prediabetes.

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kuyashesha, kuyabiza kancane, futhi kungenziwa ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho noma elabhoratri. Imiphumela ikunikeza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nesimo sakho samanje sempilo nengozi yesikhathi esizayo.

Iyini impilo ye-prediabetes?

Ukwelapha i-prediabetes kugxile ikakhulu ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokuphila kunokwelashwa. Umgomo ukusisiza umzimba wakho ubuyisele ikhono lawo lokulawula kahle ushukela egazini.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha cishe luzoba:

• Ukusebenza nodokotela wezondlo ukuthuthukisa izindlela zakho zokudla
• Ukudala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluzinzile oluthandekayo
• Ukubekela imigomo yokulahlekelwa yisisindo uma kudingeka
• Ukufunda izindlela zokulawula ukucindezeleka
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwakho kokulala
• Ukuqapha njalo amazinga akho eshukela egazini

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase alayishe i-metformin, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izingozi noma uma ukushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila kuphela akwanele. Noma kunjalo, imithi ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengohlelo lokuphumula kunokuba yilona lokuqala lokwelapha.

Indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu ihlanganisa amasu amaningi kunokugxila endaweni eyodwa. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo lingakusiza ukuba ubeke phambili izinguquko okumele uzibheke kuqala ngokususelwa esimweni sakho somuntu siqu.

Ungayilawula kanjani i-prediabetes ekhaya?

Ukulawula i-prediabetes ekhaya kugxile ekudaleni imikhuba yansuku zonke esekela amazinga eshukela egazini anempilo. Isifiso ukwenza izinguquko ezizizwa zihlala njalo kunokuba zikhulu.

Qala ngezindlela zakho zokudla:

• Gcwalisa ingxenye yesitsha sakho ngezitshalo ezingena-starch ngezikhathi zokudla
• Khetha ama-grains agcwele kunama-carbohydrates acutshungulwayo
• Faka i-protein ehlanzekile ngesikhathi ngasinye sokudla ukuze usize uzinzise ushukela egazini
• Dla ukudla okujwayelekile ne-snacks ukuze ugweme ukuphakama kwesiguli se-glucose
• Hlala uthambile ngamanzi esikhundleni sezithelo ezinomnandi
• Sebenzisa ukulawula kwengxenye usebenzisa izitsha ezincane nama-bowls

Faka ukuhamba emsebenzini wakho wansuku zonke:

• Hamba uhambo olufushane ngemva kokudla ukuze usize umzimba wakho usebenzise i-glucose
• Zama ukuvivinya amandla amabili ngesonto
• Thola imisebenzi oyithandayo, kungaba ukudansa, ukulima, noma ukubhukuda
• Sebenzisa i-fitness tracker ukuqapha izinyathelo zakho zansuku zonke
• Thatha izitebhisi esikhundleni se-elevators uma kungenzeka

Khumbula ukuthi izenzo ezincane, eziqhubekayo zengeza ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Awudingi ukuguqula impilo yakho yonke ubusuku bonke ukuze ubone imiphumela ebalulekile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yokuya kudokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu neziqondiso zokulawula i-prediabetes yakho. Ukuzilungiselela kancane kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni komhlangano wakho.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, buthana lolu lwazi:

• Uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinhlanganisela ozithatha njengamanje
• Umbukiso womndeni wesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nezinye izimo ezihlobene
• Ukushintsha kwamuva kwesisindo sakho, amazinga amandla, noma izimpawu
• Imibuzo mayelana nokudla, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila
• Izinselele ozibhekene nazo ngezinguquko ezinconywayo
• Imiphumela yakho yokuqapha ushukela egazini uma usuvele uyilandele

Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi somhlangano wakho. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uphumelele, futhi ukuqonda uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha kubalulekile empilweni yakho yesikhathi eside.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes iyindlela yomzimba wakho yokukunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi sekufanele wenze izinguquko. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-prediabetes ngokuvamile ingabuyekeza ngendlela efanele.

Gxila ekuthuthukeni, hhayi ekufezekiseni. Izinguquko ezincane, ezihlala njalo ezindleleni zakho zokudla, amazinga omsebenzi, nesitayela sokuphila jikelele zingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho. Abantu abaningi bayiphumelela ukubuyisela i-prediabetes yabo futhi banciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Sebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ukudala uhlelo oluhambisana nempilo yakho nezimo. Ngokuzimisela nokusekelwa, ungalawola impilo yakho futhi uzizwe uqinisekile ngekusasa lakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-prediabetes

Ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele yini i-prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes ngokuvamile ingabuyekeza ngokushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila, okusho ukuthi amazinga akho eshukela egazini angabuya emazingeni ajwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, kuzodingeka ugcine imikhuba enempilo isikhathi eside ukuze uvikele ukubuya. Cabanga ngakho njengokulawula isimo kunokuliphilisa unomphela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisela i-prediabetes?

Abantu abaningi bangabona ukuthuthuka emazingeni abo eshukela egazini phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-3-6 zokwenza izinguquko ezihlala njalo zesitayela sokuphila. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sokuqeda sihluka kuye ngezinto ezifana neqopha lakho lokuqala, i-genetics, nokuthi unamathela kangakanani kuhlelo lwakho. Abanye abantu babona izinguquko ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangathatha unyaka.

Yikuphi ukudla okumele ngikugweme nge-prediabetes?

Kunokugwema ukudla ngokuphelele, gxila ekunciphiseni izinto eziningi ezicutshungulwayo, izithelo ezinomnandi, ama-carbohydrates acutshungulwayo, nokudla okunoshukela oluengeziwe. Awudingi ukususa noma yiluphi ukudla ngokuphelele, kodwa ukunaka izingxenye nokuvamile kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni amazinga akho eshukela egazini.

Ingathi yini i-prediabetes uma ngizizwa ngiphilile?

Yebo, i-prediabetes iyinkulu ngisho noma ingenazo izimpawu ngoba iyakwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifo senhliziyo, nezinye izinhlanganisela. Ukungabikho kwezimpawu akusho ukuthi ukonakala akwenzeki. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga zempilo ezinzima.

Ngingathola isifo sikashukela ngokuqinisekile uma ngine-prediabetes?

Cha, ukuba ne-prediabetes akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abenza izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila banganciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nge-58% noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abaningi abane-prediabetes abathuthuki besifo sikashukela uma bethatha isinyathelo esifanele.