Blukhudi Eliphezulu Legazini

Ukuphuma kwengcindezi yegazi yingcindezi yegazi ephezulu kancane kunalokho okubhekwa njengokufanele. Ingcindezi yegazi iqalwa ngemilimitha yekurekhiri (mm Hg). I-American College of Cardiology ne-American Heart Association bahlukanisa ingcindezi yegazi zibe izigaba ezine eziyinhloko.

• Ingcindezi yegazi evamile. Ingcindezi yegazi iphansi kuno-120/80 milimitha yekurekhiri (mm Hg).
• Ingcindezi yegazi ephakeme. Inombolo ephakeme iphakathi kuka-120 no-129 mm Hg kanti inombolo ephansi ingaphansi (ingephezulu) kuka-80 mm Hg.
• I-Hypertension yesigaba 1. Inombolo ephakeme iphakathi kuka-130 no-139 mm Hg noma inombolo ephansi iphakathi kuka-80 no-89 mm Hg.
• I-Hypertension yesigaba 2. Inombolo ephakeme ingu-140 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu noma inombolo ephansi ingu-90 mm Hg noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuphuma kwengcindezi yegazi kubhekwa njengesigaba, hhayi isimo sempilo sangempela njengengcindezi yegazi ephezulu (i-hypertension). Kodwa ukuphuma kwengcindezi yegazi kuya kwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kungalawulwa kahle. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuhlola futhi ulawule ingcindezi yakho yegazi njalo. Imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzivocavoca njalo nokudla okunempilo, kungasiza ukuvimbela nokulawula ingcindezi yegazi ephezulu (i-hypertension).

Ukungaqondwa, ukuphuma kwengcindezi yegazi ne-hypertension kukhuphula ingozi yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo ne-stroke. Ezinye izifundo zithi ingcindezi yegazi ephakeme isikhathi eside ingabangela ukushintsha ekukhumbula, ulimi, ukucabanga noma ukwahlulela (ukwehla kwamandla okucabanga).

Ukuphakama kokucindezela kwegazi akubangeli izimpawu. Indlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi kukhona yilokho kokuhlola njalo ukucindezela kwegazi. Hlola ukucindezela kwegazi uma uvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ungakuhlola ekhaya nge divayisi yokuhlola ukucindezela kwegazi ekhaya.

Kufanele kuqoshulwe igazi lomntwana ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okujwayelekile kokuhlola impilo, kusukela eneminyaka emi-3. Uma umntwana enesondo eliphezulu legazi, kufanele kuthathwe isilinganiso kuyo yonke i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela.

Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu kufanele baqoshulwe igazi okungenani njalo eminyakeni emibili. Wena noma umntanakho ningadinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile uma unezinga eliphezulu legazi noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.

Noma yini ephakamisa ukucindezela odongeni lwe-artery ingabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu. Ukubunjwa kwamafutha, ikolesterol, nezinye izinto ezingaphakathi nakudonga lwe-artery (atherosclerosis) kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu. Kodwa okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso. Ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu (hypertension) kungabangela i-atherosclerosis.\n\nNgezinye izikhathi, imbangela yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu ayitholakali.\n\Izimo nemithi engabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu ihlanganisa:\n\n* Ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland\n* Inkinga yentliziyo ethonya imithambo yegazi ekhona ekuzalweni (i-congenital heart defect)\n* Izidakamizwa ezingemthetho, njenge-cocaine ne-amphetamines\n* I-Kidney disease\n* I-Obstructive sleep apnea\n* Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise namaphilisi okuvimbela ukukhulelwa, imithi yempilo ne-sinus, imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engamakhophi, nezinye izidakamizwa\n* I-Thyroid disease\n\nKhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, kuhlanganise naleyo oyithengayo ngaphandle kwesikripthi.

Noma yini umuntu angaba nokucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu, ngisho nezingane.

Izimbangela zokubeleka kwegazi eliphezulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ukukhuluphala kukwenza kube lula ukuba ne-high blood pressure. I-high blood pressure iyimbangela yokusabela kwezifo zenhliziyo kanye nokushaya.
• Umlando womndeni we-high blood pressure. Kunokwenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise i-high blood pressure uma una-parent noma umfowethu onaleli bhubesi.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba. Ukungazivocavoci kungabangela ukwanda kwesisindo. Ukuwanda kwesisindo kukhuphula ingozi yokubeleka kwegazi eliphezulu.
• Ukudla okunosawoti (isodu) eningi noma okune-potassium encane. I-sodium ne-potassium yizondlo ezimbili ezidingekayo emzimbeni ukuze ulawule i-blood pressure. Uma une-sodium eningi noma i-potassium encane ekudleni kwakho, ungathuthukisa i-high blood pressure.
• Ukusebenzisa utshaba. Ukubhema isigarethi, ukukoma utshaba noma ukuba eduze nokubhema (ukubhema okwesibili) kungakhuphula i-blood pressure.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuye kwahlanganiswa nokuphakama kwegazi eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi kumadoda.
• Izimo ezithile ezingapheli. I-Kidney disease, i-diabetes ne-sleep apnea, phakathi kwabanye, zingakhuphula ingozi yokubeleka kwegazi eliphezulu.
• Iminyaka. Ukuguga nje kukhuphula ingozi yokwanda kwegazi eliphezulu.
• Uhlanga. I-high blood pressure ivame kakhulu kubantu abamnyama futhi ngokuvamile ithuthuka eminyakeni emincane kunokuba kubantu abamhlope.

Nakuba i-high blood pressure ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, izingane zingayithola, futhi. Kwizwana ezithile, izinkinga zezinso noma zenhliziyo zingabangela i-high blood pressure. Imikhuba emibi yokuphila, njengokudla okungezona ezempilo, ukukhuluphala nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca, kuhlanganyela ekwandeni kwegazi eliphezulu kubantwana.

Ukuphakama kokucindezela kwegazi kungabi kubi kube yisimo sezempilo eside sokucindezela kwegazi (hypertension). I-Hypertension ingalimaza amandla omzimba. Iyakwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izikhuthazo, i-aneurysms nokuhluleka kwesibindi.

Ukushintsha okufanayo kokuphila okunempilo okunconywe ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphakanyisiwe kusiza nokukuvimbela. Yidla ukudla okunempilo, sebenzisa usawoti olunciphile, ungabhemi, qeqesha njalo, gcina isisindo esinempilo, gwema noma ubeke umkhawulo ekuphuzweni kotshwala, futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi kwenziwa ukuze kuxilongwe ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile noma njengokuhlola ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu (hypertension).

Ucingo lokucindezela kwegazi luqalwa ngemilimitha ye-mercury (mm Hg). Ukulinganisa kokucindezela kwegazi kunamanani amabili:

Ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu yilinganiso lama-120 kuya kuma-129 milimitha ye-mercury (mm Hg) nenombolo engezansi engaphansi (ingephezulu) kwama-80 mm Hg.

Ukuxilongwa kokucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu kusekelwe ezingeni eliphezulu lezinga lokucindezela kwegazi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukulinganisa kufanele kuthathwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngendlela efanayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukucindezela kwegazi kwakho kuqalwa, kufanele kuqalwe ezandleni zombili ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kukhona umehluko yini. Ngemva kwalokho, ingalo enenombolo ephezulu kufanele isetshenziswe.

Ukuhlolwa okude kokucindezela kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze kuqalwe ukucindezela kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ngamahora ayisithupha noma ama-24. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulandelela kokucindezela kwegazi okuhambahambayo. Noma kunjalo, amadivayisi asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni awatholakali kuwo wonke amasiko ezempilo. Xhumana nomshuwalense wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ukulandelela kokucindezela kwegazi okuhambahambayo kuyinsizakalo ehlanganisiwe yini.

Umhlinzeki wakho angase futhi akuphakamise ukuthi uhlole ukucindezela kwegazi kwakho ekhaya. Amasiko okuqapha ukucindezela kwegazi ekhaya atholakala ezitolo nasezitolo zokwelapha. Amanye amadivayisi agcina ukulinganisa ku-memory yawo.

Uma unezinga lokucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu noma eliphezulu, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokwelusi ukuze ahlole izimo ezingabangela. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

Ukuhlolwa okunye kungase futhi kwenziwe.

Ungase futhi ube ne-electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) ukuze uhlole ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kanjani. I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ishesha futhi ayibuhlungu. Ngesikhathi se-ECG, izinzwa (ama-electrodes) zinamathele esifubeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezandleni noma ezinyaweni. Izingcingo zixhuma izinzwa komshini, oqopha noma obonisa imiphumela.

• Inombolo ephezulu (systolic) yingcindezi yokugeleza kwegazi lapho isimiso senhliziyo sicindezela (sicindezela), sipompa igazi.

• Inombolo engezansi (diastolic) yingcindezi e-arteries eqalwe phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo.

• Ukubalwa okuphelele kwegazi

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol (iphrofayili ye-lipid)

• Ukuhlolwa koshukela wegazi (glucose)

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-thyroid

Ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila okuhle kunconywa kunoma ubani ophethwe yi-high blood pressure noma i-blood pressure ephezulu.

Uma une-blood pressure ephezulu kanye nesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso noma isifo senhliziyo, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase futhi ancome imithi ye-blood pressure.

Uma une-blood pressure ephezulu kodwa awunawo amanye amazinga okutholakala kwesifo senhliziyo, izinzuzo zomuthi azicaci kangako.

Ukuphathwa kwe-hypertension yesigaba 1 noma yesigaba 2 kuvame ukufaka imithi ye-blood pressure kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila okuhle.

Njengoba ukucindezeleka kwegazi kukhuphuka, kanjalo nenhlanhla yesifo senhliziyo. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu. Isifuba ukubophezela ekuguquleni indlela yokuphila enempilo. Zama lezi zeluleko:

• Dla ukudla okunempilo. Dla ukudla okunempilo. Zama ukudla kwe-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Khetha izithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, inyama yenkukhu, izinhlanzi nokudla okune-dairy ephansi. Thola i-potassium eningi emithonjeni yemvelo, engasiza ekuthobeni ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Dla amafutha amaningi ashukela kanye namafutha e-trans.
• Sebenzisa usawoti omncane (i-sodium). Inyama ehlinzwe, ukudla okugcinwe, usoso oluthengwayo, ukudla okugqunyiwe nezinye izinkwa kungaba imithombo efihliwe yesawoti. Hlola imibhalo yokudla ukuthola okuqukethwe kwe-sodium. Hlose ukulinganisela i-sodium okungenani ngama-milligrams angu-1,000 (mg) ngosuku. Ukungenisa i-sodium ephansi - ama-mg angu-1,500 ngosuku noma ngaphansi - kuphelele kubantu abadala abaningi.
• Lawula isisindo. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo uma unesisindo esiningi noma unesifo sokusisinda kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwegazi nokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi yisiphi isisindo esikufanele. Ngokuvamile, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwehla cishe nge-1 mm Hg ngekilogremu ngayinye (cishe ama-2.2 ama-pounds) yesisindo esilahlekile. Kubantu abane-high blood pressure, ukwehla kokucindezeleka kwegazi kungaba ngaphezulu ngekilogremu ngayinye yesisindo esilahlekile.
• Yandisa umsebenzi womzimba. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kugcina umzimba unempilo. Kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi, kuphazamise ukucindezeleka, kulawule isisindo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezimo zezempilo ezingapheli. Hlose ukuthola okungenani imizuzu engu-150 ngesonto yomsebenzi we-aerobic ophakathi noma imizuzu engu-75 ngesonto yomsebenzi we-aerobic onamandla, noma ukuhlanganiswa kokubili.
• Linganisela utshwala. Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela. Kubantu abadala abaphilile, lokho kusho ukuphuza okukodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane nokuphuza okukodwa noma amabili ngosuku kwabesilisa.
• Ungabhemi. Utaba lilimaza izindonga zezithelo zegazi futhi likhuphula inqubo yokunqabela imithambo yegazi. Uma ubhema, cela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa izindlela zokusiza ekushiyweni.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka. Thola izindlela zokusiza ekuthobeni ukucindezeleka komzwelo. Ukuthola ukuzivocavoca okwengeziwe, ukuqeqesha ingqondo nokuhlangana nabanye emaqenjini wokusekela kuyizindlela ezithile zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.