Ukuqala Kwe-Hypertension? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kwenzeka lapho ukucindezeleka kwegazi lakho kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile, kodwa akufinyelelanga izinga odokotela abalikhiphayo njengokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yokuqapha yomzimba wakho, ekukwazisa kancane ukuthi kufanele unake impilo yakho yemisipha.

Ukufunda kokucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho kuwela phakathi kuka-120-139 inombolo ephakeme (systolic) noma i-80-89 inombolo ephansi (diastolic). Nakuba lokhu kungabi yingozi ngokushesha, kusho ukuthi unethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-hypertension ephelele uma ungenzi izinyathelo ezithile zokuyilwisa.

Kuyini ukuqala kwe-hypertension?

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension ngokuyisisekelo kuyindlela yokucindezeleka kwegazi lakho yokuthi "sifune ukukhuluma." Akuyona isifo, kodwa kunesigaba esisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlonze abantu abangase bazuze ekuchithweni kwesitayela sokuphila ngaphambi kokuba ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwabo kuphakame kakhulu.

Ukuqonda lokhu kangcono, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okujwayelekile kungaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg. Ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu kuqala ku-140/90 mmHg. Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kugcwalisa leyo geqe phakathi kokujwayelekile nokuphezulu, kukunikeza iwindi elibalulekile lethuba lokwenza izinguquko ezinhle.

Cishe omunye kubantu abadala abathathu une-prehypertension, ngakho-ke awuwedwa uma uthole leli cala. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuba kuqhubeke kuye e-hypertension ephelele ngezinguquko ezicabangelwe kahle zesitayela sokuphila.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Nansi into engase ikumangalise: ukuqala kwe-hypertension ngokuvamile akubangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ukujwayelekile umzimba wakho uphatha le miqondo ephakeme kancane ngaphandle kokuthumela izibonakaliso ezicacile zokuqapha.

Abantu abaningi abane-prehypertension bazizwa beqondile ngokuphelele futhi bathola kuphela isimo sabo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile. Kungakho ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isiquphe" - kungase kusebenze ngemuva kwesigcawu ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu bokhanda obuncane, ukukhungatheka okuncane, noma bazizwe bekhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimpawu azivamile ngokuqala kwe-hypertension futhi zingase zibhekwe kalula ezinye izinto zansuku zonke njengokucindezeleka, ukushoda kokulala, noma ukuphelelwa amanzi.

Ukungabikho kwezimpawu empeleni kungakho ukulandelela njalo kokucindezeleka kwegazi kubaluleke kangaka. Udokotela wakho angabamba lezi zinguquko ekuqaleni, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele.

Yini ebangela ukuqala kwe-hypertension?

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension ngokuvamile kuqhubeka kancane kancane ngenxa yokuxubana kwezinto eziphazamisa indlela umzimba wakho nezitho zakho zegazi ezisebenza ngayo. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zokuphila kwakho ezingase zizuze ekuchithweni okuncane.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa izinto zesitayela sokuphila esiningi sethu esiphethwe ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke:

• Ukudla usawoti (isodu) kakhulu, okwenza umzimba wakho ugcine amanzi engeziwe
• Ukuphethe isisindo esengeziwe, okudinga inhliziyo yakho ukusebenza nzima
• Ukungatholi umsebenzi womzimba owanele, okuqeda amandla esistimu yakho yemisipha
• Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, okungenza izitho zakho zegazi ziqinise
• Ukuphuza utshwala kakhulu njalo
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yotshwala
• Ukungatholi i-potassium eyanele ekudleni kwakho

Ezinye izinto azikwazi ukulawulwa, kuhlanganise i-genetics yakho nomlando womndeni. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwana bakho banokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, ungase ube nethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwe-prehypertension.

Ubudala buphinde bube nomthelela - izitho zakho zegazi ziyaba buthakathaka njengoba ukhula, okungase kube nomthelela ekucindezekeni okuphezulu. Izimo zezokwelapha ezithile njengokuhlanza ubuthongo, izinkinga zezinso, noma izifo ze-thyroid zingase zibe nomthelela ekucindezekeni kwegazi lakho.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma unezilinganiso zokucindezeleka kwegazi ezingaphakathi kwesigaba sokuqala kwe-hypertension ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Ngisho noma kungabi yingozi ngokushesha, kufanele ukhulume ngempilo yakho yemisipha.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva uma unezinye izinto eziyingozi njengomlando womndeni, isisindo esengeziwe, noma uma uhlushwa ukucindezeleka kokuphila. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuba udale uhlelo olufanele wena.

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu bokhanda obukhulu, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma izinguquko embonweni. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingavamile ngokuqala kwe-hypertension, zingase zibonise ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho kuye kwanda kakhulu.

Ukulandelela njalo kuba kubalulekile uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40, une-diabetes, noma uthatha imithi engase ibe nomthelela ekucindezekeni kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukubheka ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuze alandele noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Ziyini izinto eziyingozi zokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuqala kwe-hypertension, futhi ukuzazi kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu. Ezinye zalezi ungazithinta, kanti ezinye ziyisigaba sokuphila kwakho kwempilo.

Izinto eziyingozi ongazisebenza nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba nesisindo esiningi noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukudla ukudla okune-sodium eningi futhi okune-potassium encane
• Ukuphila impilo engasebenzi ngokwanele ngomsebenzi womzimba omncane
• Ukuphuza utshwala kakhulu
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yotshwala
• Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo
• Ukulala okungekuhle njalo

Izinto eziyingozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa ubudala bakho (ingozi iyanda ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45 kumadoda nangeminyaka engama-65 kwabesifazane), uhlanga lwakho (ama-Afrika aseMelika anezinga eliphezulu), nomlando womndeni. Ukuba ne-diabetes noma isifo sezinso kuphinde kwandise ingozi yakho.

Ukuqonda izinto eziyingozi zakho akuwona umqondo wokukhathazeka - kuyindlela yokukhuthaza. Okwengeziwe ozikwazi ngalokho okuthinta ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho, yilokho okulungele kangcono ukwenza izinqumo ezisekela impilo yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuqala kwe-hypertension ukuthi ngokuvamile kuqhubeka kuye ekucindezekeni kwegazi okuphezulu uma kungalungiswa. Cishe u-70% wabantu abane-prehypertension bazokhula i-hypertension phakathi neminyaka emine ngaphandle kwezinguquko zesitayela sokuphila.

Uma ukuqala kwe-hypertension kuqhubeka kuye e-hypertension, kungase kuthonye izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Inhliziyo yakho ingase idinge ukusebenza nzima, okungase kube nomthelela esifweni senhliziyo
• I-arteries yakho ingase yonakale, ithonye ukusabalala kwegazi kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Izinso zakho zingase zibe nomthelela, njengoba zithembela ezithweni zegazi eziphilile ukuze zisebenze kahle
• Izitho zegazi zobuchopho bakho zingase zibe nomthelela, okungase kwandise ingozi yokushaya
• Amehlo akho angase athinteke, njengoba anezinzwa zegazi ezinemininingwane

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela ngokuvamile zithatha iminyaka ukuze zikhule, futhi zivinjelwa kakhulu. Ngokulungisa ukuqala kwe-hypertension ekuqaleni, uthatha isinyathelo esikhuthazayo sokuvikela impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Abanye abantu abane-prehypertension bangase babe nezibonakaliso zokuqala zezinguquko zemisipha, kungakho udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlole impilo yenhliziyo yakho nezitho zakho zegazi.

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukuqala kwe-hypertension kuhilela ukwamukela imikhuba yempilo enempilo enesekela isistimu yakho yemisipha ngokwemvelo. Into emangalisayo ukuthi le miyalo efanayo ingase isize nokuvimbela ukuba kuqhubeke uma usuvele unayo.

Gxila ekondleni umzimba wakho ngokudla okusekela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okunempilo:

• Dla izithelo nemifino eningi, ezinikeza i-potassium nezinye izondlo ezisekela inhliziyo
• Khetha ama-grains aphelele kunalawa aqediwe
• Faka amaprotheni ahlanzekile njengezinhlanzi, inyama yenkukhu, nama-legumes
• Limita i-sodium kuya phansi kuka-2,300 mg ngosuku (ngokukhethekile i-1,500 mg)
• Nciphisa ukudla okucutshunguliwe nokuphakelwe, okuvame ukuba ne-sodium eningi

Ukuzivocavoca njalo kuyindlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokugcina ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho kulinganisela okunempilo. Zama okungenani imizuzu engama-150 yokuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe masonto onke - lokhu kungase kube lula njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukubhukuda, noma ukudansa.

Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela ezinjengokuphefumula okujulile, ukucamngca, noma imisebenzi oyithandayo kungase futhi kusize. Ukulala okuhle, ukulinganisela utshwala, nokugwema utshwala kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukucindezeleka kwegazi okunempilo.

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kuhlonzwa ngokulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuthathwe ngesikhathi sokuvakashela odokotela. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa i-cuff yokucindezeleka kwegazi ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka ezithweni zakho lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya futhi lapho iphumula phakathi kokushaya.

Ukufunda okuphezulu okukodwa akusho ukuthi une-prehypertension. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzothatha ukufunda okuningi ngezikhathi ezahlukene ukuze athole isithombe esinembile samiphetho yokucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho.

Icala liqinisekiswa lapho ukufunda kwakho kuhlala kuwela phakathi kuka-120-139 mmHg ngokucindezeleka kwe-systolic (inombolo ephakeme) noma i-80-89 mmHg ngokucindezeleka kwe-diastolic (inombolo ephansi). Udokotela wakho angase futhi akhuthaze ukulandelela kokucindezeleka kwegazi ekhaya ukuze uthole ukufunda endaweni yakho evamile.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlole izimo ezingaphansi ezingase zibe nomthelela ekucindezekeni kwegazi kwakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwezinso, i-electrocardiogram ukuhlola inhliziyo yakho, noma ezinye izivivinyo ngokusekelwe ephrofayilini yakho yempilo siqu.

Ukuphathwa kokuphela kwe-hypertension?

Ukuphathwa kokuphela kwe-hypertension kugxila ikakhulukazi ekuchithweni kwesitayela sokuphila kunokwelashwa. Le ndlela inikeza umzimba wakho ithuba elihle lokubuyela ekucindezekeni kwegazi okujwayelekile ngokwemvelo.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokhuthaza indlela ephelele yokuphila ehlanganisa:

• Ukulandela uhlelo lokudla olusekelwe enhliziyweni olufana no-DASH diet
• Ukuthola umsebenzi womzimba njalo izinsuku eziningi ngesonto
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo uma kudingeka
• Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokubhekana ezempilo
• Ukuthola ukulala okwanele, okuhle ubusuku ngalunye

Imithi ayivamile ukubhalwa ngokuqala kwe-hypertension kuphela. Noma kunjalo, uma unezinye izimo ezinjenge-diabetes noma isifo sezinso, udokotela wakho angase acabange ngemithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi ukuze ahlinzeke ngokuvikela okwengeziwe ezithweni zakho.

Udokotela wakho uzolandelela intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Bazosebenza nawe ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kokucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho ekuchithweni kwesitayela sokuphila.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqala kwe-hypertension ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuqala kwe-hypertension ekhaya kuhilela ukudala imikhuba yansuku zonke eqhubekayo esekela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okunempilo. Isifiso ukwenza izinguquko ezihamba kancane ongazigcina isikhathi eside kunokuzimisa konke ngasikhathi sinye.

Qala ngemikhuba yakho yokudla ngokunciphisa kancane i-sodium nokukhulisa ukudla okune-potassium eningi. Funda imibhalo yokudla, upheke ukudla okuningi ekhaya, futhi uvivinye ngezitshalo nezinongo kunokusawoti ngenxa yokunambitheka. Izinqubo ezincane njengokukhetha imifino entsha noma efriziwe kunokugayiwe zingenza umehluko obalulekile.

Faka ukuhamba emkhumbulweni wakho wansuku zonke ngezindlela ezizwakala zithandeka kunokuba zinzima. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthatha izitebhisi, ukupaka kude, noma ukuthola imisebenzi yomzimba oyithandayo ngempela. Ngisho nokuhamba imizuzu engama-10 ngemuva kokudla kungasiza.

Cabanga ukuthola i-monitor yokucindezeleka kwegazi ekhaya ukuze ulandele intuthuko yakho. Thatha ukufunda ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, gcina i-log elula, futhi wabelane ngale mininingwane nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokuvakashela.

Zama izindlela zokuphatha ukucindezeleka ezisebenza ngendlela yakho yokuphila. Lokhu kungase kube ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula okujulile, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokucinga, ukuqopha imibhalo, noma nje ukuhlukanisa isikhathi semisebenzi ekusisiza ukuthi siphumule futhi siqiniswe.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola inani elikhulu lesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Qala ngokuqoqa ulwazi ngesimo sakho samanje sempilo nanoma yimiphi imibuzo ofuna ukuyixoxa.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owaqaphela, njengoba amanye awo angase athinte ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Uma ubelandele ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho ekhaya, letha lezo zilinganiso ukuze uzabelane ngazo nodokotela wakho.

Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenahlangene nokucindezeleka kwegazi. Phawula futhi umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, noma ukushaya, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ingozi yakho.

Cabanga ngemikhuba yakho yokuphila ngokwethembeka - ukudla kwakho okujwayelekile, uhlelo lokuzivocavoca, amazinga okucindezeleka, izindlela zokulala, nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Udokotela wakho udinga lolu lwazi ukuze akusize ukudala uhlelo olufanele wena.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezinqubo zesitayela sokuphila, izikhuthazo zokulandelela, nezibonakaliso zokubheka. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngezinsiza ezinjengokunakekelwa kokudla noma izinhlelo zokuvivinya umzimba ezingase zitholakale ukusekela uhambo lwakho lwempilo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokukhuthaza ukuba unake impilo yakho yemisipha ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga. Nakuba kudinga ukunakekelwa, kuphatheka ngokuphelele ngendlela efanele nomqondo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuqala kwe-hypertension ukuthi unokuqondisa okukhulu ekuqhubekeni kwayo. Ngokwenza izinguquko ezicabangelwe kahle zesitayela sokuphila, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuba kuqhubeke kuye ekucindezekeni kwegazi okuphezulu futhi babuyisele ukufunda kwabo emazingeni ajwayelekile.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinguquko azidingeki zenzeke ngobusuku. Izinyathelo ezincane, eziqhubekayo eziya empilweni engcono ngokuvamile zenza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Sebenza neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukudala uhlelo olufanele impilo yakho futhi oluzwakala luqhubekayo.

Indlela yakho yokusebenza ngokuqala kwe-hypertension manje iyitululo empilweni yakho yesikhathi eside nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ngokubekezela nokuzimisela, ungaphatha ngempumelelo le simo futhi uvikele impilo yakho yemisipha iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nokuqala kwe-hypertension

Ingakwazi yini ukuqala kwe-hypertension ukuhamba ngokwalo?

Ukuqala kwe-hypertension akunakulungiswa ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kwegazi kungase kuhluke ngokwemvelo, izinto eziyisisekelo ebangela ukuqala kwe-hypertension ngokuvamile kudingeka zilungiswe ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka, nezinye imikhuba yempilo. Ngokwenza izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila eziqhubekayo, abantu abaningi bangabuyisela ukucindezeleka kwabo kwegazi emazingeni ajwayelekile.

Kufanele ngihlole kangaki ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwami uma ngine-prehypertension?

Odokotela abaningi bakhuthaza ukubheka ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-3-6 uma une-prehypertension. Uma wenza izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila noma unezinye izinto eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukulandelela okuvamile. Ukulandelela ekhaya kungase kunikeze ulwazi oluyigugu phakathi kokuvakashela udokotela, kodwa xoxa ngokuvamile nodokotela wakho ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho siqu.

Ingabe ukuqala kwe-hypertension kufana nokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu?

Cha, ukuqala kwe-hypertension nokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu kuyizigaba ezahlukene. Ukuqala kwe-hypertension kusho ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile kodwa akufinyelelanga umkhawulo wokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu. Empeleni yisigaba sokuqapha esikunika ithuba lokwenza izinguquko ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa i-hypertension ephelele.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukuqala kwe-hypertension?

Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kungase kube nomthelela ekuqaleni kwe-hypertension ngokubangela izitho zakho zegazi ziqinise futhi kuqalise ukukhishwa kwamahomoni aphakamisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Nakuba ukucindezeleka okwesikhashana kuyinto evamile, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo emsebenzini, ubudlelwaneni, noma ezinye izinto zokuphila kungase kube nomthelela ekuqaleni kwe-hypertension. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokubhekana ezempilo kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokuphathwa kokucindezeleka kwegazi.

Ingabe ngizodinga imithi ngokuqala kwe-hypertension?

Abantu abaningi abane-prehypertension abadingi imithi ekuqaleni. Odokotela ngokuvamile bakhuthaza izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila kuqala, njengoba lezi zivame ukuba nemiphumela emihle ekuphathweni kokuphela kwe-hypertension. Noma kunjalo, uma unezinye izimo ezinjenge-diabetes noma isifo sezinso, noma uma izinguquko zesitayela sokuphila azanele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, udokotela wakho angase acabange ngemithi ukuze ahlinzeke ngokuvikela okwengeziwe.