Umphumela Wesibeletho? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Umphumela wesibeletho uqala lapho amaseli esibelethweni eqala khona ukukhula ngokungaphatheki. Isibethetho yigxathu elincane, elingumkhulu we-walnut, elihleli ngaphansi kwesisu sakho futhi likhiqiza i-fluid esiza ekondleni nasekuthuthukiseni isidoda.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza omunye wemidlavuza evamile ekuthinta amadoda, ikakhulukazi alapha ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lemphumela wesibeletho likhula kancane futhi lihlala livaleleke esibelethweni, lapho kungase lingabangeli ukulimala okuqatha. Amadoda amaningi aphila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngisho nangemuva kokuxilongwa komphumela wesibeletho.

Ziyini izimpawu zomphumela wesibeletho?

Umphumela wesibeletho ekuqaleni uvamise ukungabangeli zimpawu nhlobo. Kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukhula.

Nakuba izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izimpawu ongaziqaphela, ukhumbule ukuthi eziningi zalezi zingabangelwa yizimo ezingeyona umdlavuza esibelethweni:

• Ubunzima bokuqala ukuthamba noma ukugeleza okubuhlungu komchamo
• Ukuthamba njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ukuzizwa sengathi isikhwama sakho asigezi ngokuphelele
• Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuthamba
• Igazi lomchamo noma isidoda
• Ubuhlungu bokuphuma
• Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo emhlane, ezinqeni, noma emathangeni

Lezi zimpawu zingakukhathaza, kodwa khumbula ukuthi zibangelwa kakhulu ukukhula kwesibeletho esingeyona umdlavuza kunomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, noma yikuphi ukuguquka okuhlala njalo emisebenzini yakho yokuphuma noma yocansi kufanele kube yingxoxo nodokotela wakho.

Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho umdlavuza usemude ngaphezu kwesibeletho, ungase ube nobuhlungu emathanjeni, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, noma ukukhathala. Umphumela wesibeletho ophambili ungase ube nokukhula kwezinyawo noma ubuthakathaka ezinyaweni uma uthinta ama-lymph nodes noma izinzwa eziseduze.

Ziyini izinhlobo zomphumela wesibeletho?

Cishe yonke imiphumela yomdlavuza wesibeletho yi-adenocarcinomas, eqala kumaseli egxathu akhiqiza i-fluid yesibeletho. Lolu uhlobo odokotela abajwayele ukulwelapha, futhi luphendula kahle ezindleleni eziningi zokwelapha.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-small cell carcinomas, i-neuroendocrine tumors, ne-sarcomas. Lezi zenze ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-5 wabo bonke abantu abane-prostate cancer. Nakuba lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile zingase zibe namandla, zingezona ezivamile, ngakho-ke iningi lamadoda axilongwe ngomphumela wesibeletho lizobe linohlobo oluphulukiswayo lwe-adenocarcinoma.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlukanise umdlavuza wakho ngokushesha okukhulu okukhula ngako. Eminye imiphumela yomdlavuza wesibeletho ikhula kancane kakhulu futhi ingase ingabangeli izinkinga, kuyilapho abanye benamandla futhi badinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Yini ebangela umphumela wesibeletho?

Imbangela eqondile yomphumela wesibeletho ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa iqala lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA kubangela amaseli esibeletho ukukhula nokwahlukanisa ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. La maseli angajwayelekile aqhubeka ephila lapho amanye amaseli efa, akha i-tumor.

Izici eziningi zingandisa ingozi yakho, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzophumela umdlavuza ngokuqinisekile:

• Ubudala - ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50
• Umlando womndeni womphumela wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesifuba
• Uhlanga - amadoda ase-Afrika America anamazinga aphezulu engozi
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-gene elidluliselwe njengoba i-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 mutations
• I-geography - ivame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu

Ucwaningo oluthile lusikisela ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi enyama ebomvu namafutha aphezulu ama-dairy products kungase kukhulise ingozi, kuyilapho ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ezithelo nemifino kungase kuvikele. Noma kunjalo, ubufakazi abunamandla ngokwanele ukwenza izincomo zokudla eziqondile zokuvikela.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iningi lamadoda athola umphumela wesibeletho alinazo izici zengozi ezilawuleka. Lokhu akuyona into oyibangele noma obungayivimba ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila kuphela.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngomphumela wesibeletho?

Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komphumela wesibeletho uqale eminyakeni engama-50 uma ungengozi evamile. Uma ungumuntu omnyama wase-Afrika noma unemlando womndeni womphumela wesibeletho, cabanga ukuqala le ngxoxo eminyakeni engama-45.

Ungalindi kuze kube izimpawu zivele ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokuhlinzwa. Khumbula, umphumela wesibeletho ekuqaleni awuvamise ukubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo, okuyikho kanye okwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kube yigugu kangaka.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukuguquka kokuthamba njengobunzima bokuqala noma ukuyeka ukuthamba, ukugeleza okubuhlungu, noma ukuthamba njalo ebusuku. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zibangelwa izimo ezingezona umdlavuza, zidinga ukuhlolwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela igazi lomchamo noma isidoda, ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo emathanjeni, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki. Lezi zimpawu, nakuba zingezona ezivamile, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale imbangela yazo.

Ziyini izici zengozi zomphumela wesibeletho?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuhlolwa nokukhetha indlela yokuphila. Ezinye izici awukwazi ukuzilawula, kuyilapho ezinye ungase ukwazi ukuzithinta.

Izici zengozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - ingozi iphindwe kabili njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50
• Uhlanga - amadoda ase-Afrika America anamazinga aphezulu engozi angu-60%
• Umlando womndeni - ingozi iphindwe kabili uma uyise noma umfowabo ebe nomphumela wesibeletho
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-gene elidluliselwe njengoba i-BRCA2
• I-geography - amazinga aphezulu eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu

Izici ezingase zithinte ingozi yakho zihlanganisa ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, nokukhulu komzimba. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi amadoda adla inyama ebomvu eningi namafutha aphezulu ama-dairy products angase abe nengozi ephakeme kancane, kuyilapho lawo adla inhlanzi nemifino eminingi angase abe nengozi ephansi.

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile nokulondoloza isisindo esinempilo kubonakala kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile, ikakhulukazi ekumelweni okunamandla komphumela wesibeletho. Noma kunjalo, lezi zici zendlela yokuphila zibonakala zinethonya elincane kakhulu engonzini yomphumela wesibeletho uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngomphumela wesibeletho?

Izinkinga zingase zivela emdlavuzini ngokwakhe noma ekwelapheni. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukulungiselela nokwenza izinqumo ezilwemi zokwelapha neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nomdlavuza zingase zihlanganise:

• Umdlavuza usakaze kuma-lymph nodes noma emathanjeni aseduze
• Ukungahlali komchamo uma umdlavuza uthinta ukulawula kwesisu
• Ukungaqini komzimba ngenxa yokulimala kwezinzwa
• Izinkinga zesisu uma umdlavuza usakaze ezingxenyeni zomzimba eziseduze

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokwelapha ziyahluka kuye ngokwelashwa okukhethiwe. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kubangele ukungahlali komchamo okwesikhashana noma okungapheli nokungaqini komzimba. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungase kubangele ukukhathala, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, nezinkinga zokuthamba. Ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kungase kube nokushisa, ukuncipha kwamafu, nokuguquka kwesimo sengqondo.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zilawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze linciphise ingozi futhi lixazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa noma ngemuva kwesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Umphumela wesibeletho utholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngovavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA nokuhlolwa kwesigxathu sokuthinta ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho okuvamile. I-PSA imele i-prostate-specific antigen, i-protein eyenziwa amaseli esibeletho angase aphakame emdlavuzini.

Uma le mihlola yokuqala ikhomba umdlavuza ongaqondakali, udokotela wakho uzoncoma i-biopsy yesibeletho. Ngalesi senzo, izimpumputhe ezincinyane zisusa amasampula amancane ethishu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesibethetho sakho. Amasampula ahlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze afune amaseli omdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingase zihlanganise i-MRI imaging ukuze uthole izithombe ezinemininingwane yesibethetho sakho, noma izivivinyo ezintsha njenge-4Kscore noma i-Prostate Health Index enikeza ulwazi oluningi kunokuba yi-PSA kuphela.

Uma kutholakala umdlavuza, udokotela wakho uzobona izinga lawo usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Gleason score. Lokhu kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi umdlavuza ungase ukhulise futhi usakaze kanjani, kuqondise izinqumo zakho zokwelapha.

Yini ukwelashwa komphumela wesibeletho?

Ukwelashwa kuya kuye ngezici eziningi ezihlanganisa isigaba nomthamo womdlavuza wakho, ubudala bakho, impilo yonke, nezifiso zakho siqu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi unezinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo ongazicabangela.

Ngomdlavuza okhula kancane, ongengozi ephansi, ukubhekwa okuqhubekayo kungase kunconywe. Lokhu kusho ukuqapha okuvamile ngezivivinyo ze-PSA, ukuhlolwa, ne-biopsies ezingezona ezivamile kunokwelashwa ngokushesha. Amadoda amaningi enza kahle ngale ndlela, egwema imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngenkathi elandela umdlavuza wawo eduze.

Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa i-radical prostatectomy, lapho isibethetho sonke sisuswa khona. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile okuvamile noma ngezindlela ezincane zokusebenza ngama-robotic. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kumadoda amancane, anempilo enomdlavuza ohlala endaweni.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla wangaphandle kuthunyelwa ngaphandle komzimba wakho, kuyilapho i-brachytherapy ihlanganisa ukubekwa kwama-seeds omgogodla ngqo esibelethweni sakho. Zombili lezi zindlela zingase zibe nemiphumela emihle kakhulu emdlavuzini ohlala endaweni.

Ngomdlavuza ophambili, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kuvimbela i-testosterone, ekhuthaza ukukhula komdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa i-tumors futhi kunciphise ukwanda komdlavuza, nakuba kungalupheli umdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa okusha njenge-immunotherapy ne-targeted therapy kubonisa ithemba ngezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesibeletho ophambili. I-oncologist yakho ingaxoxa ukuthi lezi zinketho zingase zifanele yini isimo sakho.

Ungawuphatha kanjani umphumela wesibeletho ekhaya?

Ukuthatha indima ephambili ekunakekelweni kwakho kungakusiza uzizwe ulawula kakhulu futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yakho. Ukuguqulwa okulula kwesitayela sempilo kungenza umehluko obalulekile endleleni ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okulinganiselayo okunamafutha amaningi ezithelo, imifino, nama-grains aphelele ngenkathi ugcina inyama ebomvu nokudla okunamafutha aphezulu. Ukudla okuhle kusekela i-immune system yakho futhi kusiza ekugcineni amandla ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba njengoba udokotela wakho ekuncoma. Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile kungakusiza ulawule imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa njengokukhathala, ulondoloze amandla amathambo, futhi uthuthukise isimo sakho sengqondo. Ngisho nemisebenzi ebushelelezi njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda ingase ibe usizo.

Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukucamngca, noma ukukhuluma nomxhumanisi. Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza nokwelashwa kungase kube inselele ngokomzwelo, futhi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kusiza impilo yakho yonke.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho nemiphumela emibi, futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ngemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Bakhona ukuze bakusekele kulo lonke uhambo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kukusiza wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho se-aphoyintimenti futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oludingayo. Qala ngokubhala izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yenza uhlu lwawo wonke ama-medications, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ozithathayo, kuhlanganise ne-dosages. Letha umlando womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uqaphele noma yibaphi abantu abaseduze ababenomdlavuza wesibeletho, wesifuba, noma omunye umdlavuza.

Lungisa imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili. Cabanga ukubuza ngezici zakho zengozi, izincomo zokuhlolwa, ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazidinga, nokuthi imiphumela ingasho ukuthini ngempilo yakho.

Uma uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha, buza ngezinzuzo nezingozi zayo yonke indlela, ukuthi zingase zithinte kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke, nokuthi ukululama kubonakala kanjani. Ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba aphinde noma acacise noma yini ongayiqondi.

Cabanga ukuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni elingakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi linikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Yini okuyisifundo esiyinhloko mayelana nomphumela wesibeletho?

Umphumela wesibeletho uvame kakhulu, kodwa uphulukiswa kalula, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ekuqaleni. Iningi lamadoda axilongwe ngomphumela wesibeletho ngeke afe ngayo, futhi izinketho eziningi zokwelapha zingakusiza ulondoloze impilo enhle.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha yikukhuluma njalo nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa. Ukutholakala ekuqaleni kukunikeza izinketho eziningi zokwelapha nethuba elihle kakhulu lemiphumela ephumelelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzophumela umdlavuza, futhi ukuxilongwa akusho ukuthi impilo yakho iphelile. Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha kwenze umphumela wesibeletho ulawuleka kakhulu kunokuba wawunjalo ngisho neminyaka eyishumi edlule.

Hlala unolwazi, kodwa ungavumeli ukwesaba kuqondise izinqumo zakho. Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukwenza izinqumo ezivumelana nezimiso zakho nezinhloso zakho. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa, ungaphepha le ndlela ngempumelelo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nomphumela wesibeletho

Umphumela wesibeletho ungavimbeka yini?

Alukho uqobo oluqinisekisiwe lokuvimba umphumela wesibeletho njengoba ubudala, i-genetics, nohlanga kuyizici ezinkulu zengozi ongenakuzilawula. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokuzivivinya okuvamile, ukudla okulinganiselayo okunamafutha amaningi ezithelo nemifino, nesisindo esinempilo kungase kusize ukunciphisa ingozi yakho. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi amadoda adla inhlanzi njalo noma adla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi e-lycopene njengezitamatisi angase abe nengozi ephansi kancane, kodwa ubufakazi abunamandla ngokwanele ngezincomo ezithile.

Umphumela wesibeletho ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Iningi lemphumela wesibeletho likhula kancane kakhulu, kuthatha iminyaka noma ngisho nemashumi eminyaka ukuze libe yingozi eyingozi. Amadoda amaningi anamphumela wesibeletho okhula kancane ongabangeli izinkinga phakathi nempilo yawo. Noma kunjalo, eminye imiphumela yomdlavuza wesibeletho ingase ibe namandla futhi ikhulise ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa amathuluzi njenge-Gleason score nama-PSA levels ukulinganisela ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izinga le-PSA eliphezulu lisho ukuthini?

I-PSA ephakeme ayisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unemdlavuza. Izimo eziningi zingaphakamisa amazinga e-PSA, kuhlanganise nokukhula kwesibeletho esingeyona umdlavuza, ukutheleleka kwesibeletho, ukuphuma kwamuva, noma ngisho nokuqhubela ibhayisikili. Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-4.0 ng/mL abhekwa njengavamile, kodwa udokotela wakho uzobheka ubudala bakho, uhlanga, umlando womndeni, nokuthi i-PSA yakho ishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho ehumusha imiphumela yakho.

Ungaba nocansi ngemuva kokwelashwa komphumela wesibeletho?

Amadoda amaningi angabuyela emisebenzini yocansi ngemuva kokwelashwa komphumela wesibeletho, nakuba kungase kudingeke isikhathi nokubekezela. Ukuhlinzwa nomgogodla kungase kuthonye izinzwa nama-blood vessels ahilelekile ekuqineni, kodwa kunezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokwelapha ukungaqini komzimba kuhlanganise nama-medications, amadivayisi, nokubonisana. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lingakusiza uqonde ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele futhi uhlole izinketho ezisebenza ngawe.

Umphumela wesibeletho ulidluliselwa yini?

Umphumela wesibeletho uqhubeka emindenini, kodwa iningi lamacala alidluliselwa ngokuqondile. Ukuba noyise noma umfowabo onomphumela wesibeletho kuphindwe kabili ingozi yakho, futhi ingozi iyanda ngenani labantu abathintekayo nokuthi babencinyane kangakanani ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ezinye ukuguqulwa kwe-gene elidluliselwe njenge-BRCA2 kuphinde kukhulise ingozi yomphumela wesibeletho. Uma unemlando womndeni onamandla, ukubonisana nge-genetic kungase kube usizo ekuqondeni ingozi yakho siqu.