Ukuthini i-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Pulmonary atresia ene-intact ventricular septum iyisimo esingavamile senhliziyo esizalwa neso, lapho i-pulmonary valve ingakhi kahle futhi ivinela ukugeleza kwegazi kumaphaphu. Cabanga ngakho njengomnyango ongaphumi phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lomntwana wakho lithole i-oksijini elidingekayo.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe abantwana abangu-1 ku-10 000 futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ochwepheshe benhliziyo yabantwana abanolwazi bakhiqize izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle ezingasiza umntwana wakho ukuba aphile impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Ukuthini i-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Kulesi simo, i-pulmonary valve ivaliwe ngokuphelele noma ayikho, ivikela igazi ekugelezeni kusuka kwi-right ventricle kuya emaphaphu. Udonga oluphakathi kwamagumbi angaphansi enhliziyo (i-ventricular septum) luhlala luqinile, okuhlukile kwezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezifanayo.

Inhliziyo yomntwana wakho izama ukubuyisela ngokuthumela igazi ngezindlela ezinye, kodwa lokhu akwanele ukunikeza i-oksijini eyanele emzimbeni. I-right ventricle, evamise ukuphonsa igazi kumaphaphu, ivame ukuba mncane futhi ibe nzima ngoba ayikwazi ukuphonsa igazi ngokuphumelelayo.

Lokhu kudala isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho ukugeleza kwegazi lomntwana wakho kuncike ezinxepheni ezivala ngokuvamile ngemuva kokuzalwa. Lezi zindlela zesikhashana ziyizimpilo kuze kube yilapho kulungiswa ukulungiswa kokucutshungulwa.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Abantwana abaningi abanesimo esinjalo babonisa izimpawu phakathi kwamahora ambalwa okuqala noma izinsuku zokuphila, njengoba imizimba yabo iluma ukufumana igazi elinokwanele le-oksijini. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi umntwana wakho ubonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okumnyama, ikakhulukazi ngezindebe, izinzwane, nezinzwane.

Nawa izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaziqaphela:

• Umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okumnyama (cyanosis), ikakhulukazi ngomlomo nezinzipho
• Ukuphuma okusheshayo noma okunzima, ngisho noma umntwana wakho ephumule
• Ukudla okubi noma ukukhathala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukulala ngokweqile noma ukubonakala engenakho ukuqapha okulindelwe
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo, ngisho noma ikamelo lifudumele
• I-pulse ebuthakathaka noma i-heart murmur etholakala ngudokotela wakho

Abanye abantwana bangase babonise izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi ukukhula ezinyaweni, esiswini, noma emazwini. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba inhliziyo isebenza kanzima ukuphonsa igazi, kodwa ayikwazi ukuletha i-oksijini eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abanye abantwana bangase baqale babonakale beqondile, kodwa bese beqala ukubonisa izimpawu njengoba izinxibo zemvelo ezisiza ukugeleza kwegazi kumaphaphu ziqala ukuvala. Kungakho ukulandelela okuqhubekayo esibhedlela kubaluleke kakhulu kulezo zinsuku zokuqala ezibalulekile.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Lesi simo sithuthukela phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala okukhulelwa lapho inhliziyo yomntwana wakho ikha.

Izimbangela eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile noma esingaphansi. Akuyona into oyenzile noma awuyenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi ayibangelwa yilutho olukulile, oluphuzile, noma oluye lwakhishwa.

Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zenhliziyo, i-pulmonary atresia ene-intact ventricular septum ayivamile ukubaleka emindenini. Iningi lezimpahla zenzeka emindenini engenalo umlando wezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuphuma ekuhluphekeni kwenqubo evamile yokwakhiwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo. Phakathi kokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni, izakhiwo zenhliziyo ezizoba yi-pulmonary valve azithuthuki kahle, okuholela ekubambeni.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela nge-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Lesi simo sivame ukuxilongwa esibhedlela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamahora angu-24 okuqala. Uma umntwana wakho ebonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma izinkinga zokudla, kunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kudingeka ngokushesha.

Ukukhathalelwa okuphaphandwayo kuyadingeka uma uqaphela ukuthi umntwana wakho uba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokwanda, unezinkinga zokuphefumula, noma ebonakala elele ngokungavamile noma engaqapheli. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi umntwana wakho akatholi i-oksijini eyanele futhi udinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma umntwana wakho ekhishwe lesi simo, ukuqokwa okuqhubekayo kokulandelela nodokotela we-cardiologist yabantwana kubalulekile. Laba ochwepheshe bazolandelela umsebenzi wenhliziyo yomntwana wakho futhi banqume isikhathi esifanele sanoma yiziphi izinqubo ezidingekayo.

Ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile kulo lonke impilo yomntwana wakho. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzokubeka ukuhlola okujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo iyaqhubeka isebenza kahle futhi ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinkathazo ezintsha ezingase ziveluke.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Njengoba lesi simo senzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo, azikho izici zengozi ezithile ongaziqondisa noma uzazi.

Ezinye izici ezingase zikhulise kancane amathuba zifaka:

• Ukuba namalungu omndeni amanye ane-congenital heart defects (nakuba lokhu kungavamile)
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic, nakuba lokhu kungavamile
• I-diabetes yomzali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Eminye imithi ethathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngisho noma ezinye zalezi zici zikhona, iningi labantwana lizoba nokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile. Lesi simo singavamile kakhulu, futhi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi umntwana wakho uzokuthinteka ngokuqinisekile.

Iminyaka ephakeme yomzali kanye nezinye izici zemvelo zifundwe, kodwa azikho izixhumanisi ezicacile eziye zamiswa. Ukungahleli kwalesi simo kusho ukuthi iningi lezimpahla zenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-risk factor ebonakalayo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele ze-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi simo singabangela ubunzima obukhulu njengoba umzimba womntwana wakho ulwa ukufumana i-oksijini eyanele. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi izitho ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho nezinso, zingase zingatholi igazi elinokwanele le-oksijini.

Ubunzima obukhulu obubhekwa ngabachwepheshe bufaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukuphonsa ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba
• Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo (arrhythmias) ngenxa yenhliziyo esebenza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka
• Igazi elihlanganiswe enhliziyweni, elingase liye kwezinye izitho
• Ukuthuthuka okulibazayo nokukhula ngenxa yokunikezwa kwe-oksijini okuncane
• Izinkinga zezinso noma isibindi ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okungenele
• Isifo sobuchopho noma ukonakala kobuchopho ezimweni ezinkulu

Ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa, abanye abantwana bangase bahlangane nezinselele zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kungafaka ukubekezelela kokuzivocavoca okuncane, isidingo semithi eqhubekayo, noma izinqubo ezengeziwe njengoba bekhula.

Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokungenelela ngesikhathi, iningi lalezi zingozi lingavikeleka noma lilawulwe kahle. Ikhona ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho le-cardiology yabantwana ukuqapha isimo somntwana wakho futhi ulungise noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.

I-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukutholakala kuvame ukuqala lapho odokotela beqaphela izimpawu zezinkinga zenhliziyo ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa noma lapho abazali beqaphela izimpawu ezinkathazo.

Ivivinyo eliyinhloko elisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala yi-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo yomntwana wakho. Leli vivinyo elingenani ubuhlungu libonisa isakhiwo senhliziyo nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingase zenziwe zifaka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ukubona usayizi nokuqondana kwenhliziyo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola umsebenzi womgogodla wenhliziyo
• I-Pulse oximetry ukuqapha amazinga e-oksijini egazini
• I-Cardiac catheterization yemininingwane eminingi mayelana nokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo sitholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-ultrasound. Uma kutholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa, udokotela wakho uzolungiselela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze kube khona ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha.

Inqubo yokuxilonga iyasiza odokotela ukuqonda izici ezithile zesimo somntwana wakho, kufaka phakathi usayizi nomsebenzi we-right ventricle, okubalulekile ekucwaningeni ukwelashwa.

Kuyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Ukuphathwa kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholakala ngemithi yokugcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile kuze kube yilapho kulungiswa ukucutshungulwa. Imithi ebizwa nge-prostaglandin E1 iyasiza ukugcina ukugeleza kwegazi kumaphaphu ngokusebenzisa izinxibo zemvelo ezivalayo ngokuvamile ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ifaka i-surgical procedure eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngesakhiwo esithile somntwana wakho. Umgomo ukudala indlela yokuthi igazi lifike emaphaphu futhi lithuthukise ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini emzimbeni.

Izinketho zokucutshungulwa okuvamile zifaka:

• I-Balloon valvuloplasty, lapho ibhaluni encane ivula i-pulmonary valve evaliwe
• I-Blalock-Taussig shunt, edala uxhumano phakathi kwama-arteries ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi emaphaphu
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-pulmonary valve lapho i-valve yemvelo ingalungiswa
• I-Fontan procedure yezimo lapho ukulungiswa kwe-two-ventricle kungenzeki

Umntwana wakho angase adinge izinqubo eziningi eminyakeni eminingi njengoba ekhula. Uhlelo lokucutshungulwa luqondiswe ngokucophelela esakhiweni esithile senhliziyo yomntwana wakho nokuthi i-right ventricle isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Phakathi kwezinqubo, umntwana wakho uzodinga ukulandelela okujwayelekile futhi angase adinge imithi ukusiza inhliziyo ukuba isebenze kahle. Abantwana abaningi bangase benze imisebenzi evamile, nakuba abanye bangase babe nokuvinjelwa kokuzivocavoca.

Indlela Yokunikeza Ukukhathalela Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa?

Ukukhathalela umntwana onalesi simo kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezidingo zakhe ezikhethekile, kodwa izici eziningi zokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke zihlala zifana naleyo yanoma yimuphi umntwana. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizonikeza imiyalelo ekhethekile yokudla, umsebenzi, nokuthi nini kufanele ufunse usizo.

Izici ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa ekhaya zifaka:

• Ukupha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kuqokiwe, ngisho noma umntwana wakho ebonakala esebenza kahle
• Ukubheka izinguquko embalabala wesikhumba, ukuqeda umoya, noma izindlela zokudla
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana wakho uthola ukudla okwanele, okungase kudinge ukudla okuncane okuvamile
• Ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngokuhlanzeka okuhle nokugwema abantu abagulayo
• Ukugcina ukuqokwa okujwayelekile kokulandelela neqembu lakho le-cardiology

Abazali abaningi bathola usizo ekufundeni i-CPR yabantwana kanye nokusiza okuyisisekelo. Isibhedlela sakho singase sinikeze amakilasi ngokukhethekile kubazali babantwana abanezimo zenhliziyo.

Unganqikazi ukuthintana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni somntwana wakho noma uma unezinkathazo. Bayathanda ukukuzwa ngento encane kunokulahlekelwa yinguquko ebalulekile.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuqokwa Kwakho Nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuqokwa kwe-cardiology kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lezokwelapha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkathazo zakho zixazululwe. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba kulula ukukhohlwa ngezihloko ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqokwa.

Ngaphambi kokuhambela kwakho, buza ulwazi mayelana:

• Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zomntwana wakho, ukudla, noma amazinga omsebenzi
• Imithi yamanje nokuthi umntwana wakho uyayithwala kahle kangakanani
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuthuthuka komntwana wakho nemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo
• Izinkathazo mayelana nezinqubo noma ukwelashwa oluzayo

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, kufaka phakathi imithamo nesikhathi. Uma umntwana wakho ethatha imithi eminingi, cabanga ukuletha amabhodlela angeziwe ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka.

Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu. Iqembu lakho le-cardiology lilindele futhi liyamukela imibuzo evela kubazali, futhi ukuqonda isimo somntwana wakho kusiza ukuba unikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle ekhaya.

Yini Okubalulekile Mayelana ne-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum?

Nakuba ukwamukela ukutholakala kwe-pulmonary atresia ene-intact ventricular septum kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi simo singaphathwa ngokunakekelwa kwenhliziyo yanamuhla. Abantwana abaningi abanesimo esinjalo bayaqhubeka bephila impilo esebenzayo, egcwele.

Ikhona ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa ngochwepheshe benhliziyo yabantwana abanolwazi. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizosisebenzisana nawe ukwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele izidingo ezikhethekile zomntwana wakho.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho le-cardiology, abahlengikazi, nabanye abasebenzi bosekelo bakhona ukuqondisa kuwo wonke amanyathelo okunakekelwa komntwana wakho futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.

Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukulandelela okujwayelekile, kanye nokusekela kwakho okuthandekayo, abantwana abanesimo esinjalo bangakhula futhi bahlanganyele eminyakeni eminingi yabantwana. Uhambo lwengane ngayinye lukhethekile, kodwa umbono uyaqhubeka uthuthuka ngokuthuthuka ekunakekelweni kwenhliziyo yabantwana.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana ne-Pulmonary Atresia ene-Intact Ventricular Septum

M1: Ingabe umntwana wami uzobe ekwazi ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni nasemisebenzini yomzimba?

Abantwana abaningi abaphathwe kahle i-pulmonary atresia bangase bahlanganyele emisebenzini yomzimba, nakuba abanye bangase babe nokuvinjelwa. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzohlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo yomntwana wakho futhi anikeze imiyalo ekhethekile mayelana namazinga omsebenzi ophephile. Abanye abantwana bangase bahlanganyele emidlalweni yokuncintisana, kanti abanye bangase belulekwa ukugwema imisebenzi ephakeme. Ikhona ukulandelela okujwayelekile nokuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nezintshisekelo nekhono lomntwana wakho.

M2: Zingakanani izikhathi umntwana wami ozodinga ukuqokwa kokulandelela?

Isikhathi sokulandelela sihluka kuye ngesimo esithile somntwana wakho nesigaba sokwelashwa. Ekuqaleni, ukuqokwa kungase kube khona njalo (njalo emavikini ambalwa noma izinyanga), kodwa njengoba umntwana wakho eqina, ukuvakasha kuvame ukuba kancane. Abantwana abaningi bazodinga ukulandelela i-cardiology okuphila konke, nakuba ukuqokwa kungase kube njalo minyaka yonke noma eminyakeni embalwa. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzonquma isikhathi esifanele kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye zomntwana wakho nokuthi benza kahle kangakanani.

M3: Ingabe abantwana bami besikhathi esizayo bangaba nesimo esifanayo?

Ukuthinteka kokuba nomntwana omunye one-pulmonary atresia ene-intact ventricular septum kuvame ukuba phansi kakhulu, njengoba iningi lezimpahla zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu se-genetic. Kodwa-ke, imindeni enomntwana oyedwa one-congenital heart defect inenkinga encane yokuba nomntwana omunye onenye into yenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngesimo sakho esithile futhi angase akukhuthaze ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic uma kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nezici ezidluliselwa.

M4: Yini engingayiqaphela engase ibonise inkinga?

Izimpawu ezibalulekile zokuqapha zifaka ukwanda kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukuqeda umoya okusheshayo kunokujwayelekile, ukudla okubi noma ukunciphisa ukudla, ukukhathazeka okungavamile noma ukulala, kanye nokukhula kobuso, izandla, noma izinyawo. Noma yiliphi ushintsho olukhulu ezindleleni zakho ezijwayelekile zomntwana wakho luyaqondisa ukubiza iqembu lakho le-cardiology. Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali - uma kukhona okuhlukile noma okukhathazayo, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlola neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

M5: Ingabe umntwana wami uzodinga ukuthatha imithi isikhathi eside?

Izidingo zemithi zihluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo esithile somntwana wakho nokuthi inhliziyo yakhe isebenza kahle kangakanani ngemuva kokwelashwa. Abanye abantwana bangase badinge imithi iminyaka eminingi, kanti abanye bangase bayidinga isikhashana. Imithi evamile ingase ifake leyo esiza inhliziyo ukuba iphompe ngokuphumelelayo, ukuvimbela igazi elihlanganiswe, noma ukulawula i-heart rhythm. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist uzohlola imithi yomntwana wakho njalo futhi ayilungise njengoba kudingeka kuye ngokukhula kwabo nomsebenzi wenhliziyo.