Ukuqina Kwemiphunga: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwemiphunga kwenzeka lapho amanzi eqokelela ezingxangxethweni zomoya wemiphunga yakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi impumulo yakho ihlala emanzini, ivimbela i-oksijini ukuba ingene kahle egazini lakho.

Lesi simo singaqala ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho amanzi eqokelela ezingxangxethweni ezincane zomoya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-alveoli, umzimba wakho uhluleka ukuthola i-oksijini eyiyidingayo. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nokwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ucele usizo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekutholeni ukunakekelwa okufanele ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina kwemiphunga?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko oyibonayo ukuba nzima ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi. Ukuqina kwemiphunga kubonisa ukuthi impumulo yakho ayisebenzi kahle njengoba kufanele.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko okufanele uzilandele, khumbula ukuthi lezi zingaba zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene:

• Ukuqina komoya okuyanda uma ulele phansi
• Ukuzizwa ukhankasela noma ukhona emanzini
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula ngamandla
• Ukukhwehlela okungakhulula i-sputum ebomvu, enoboya
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka esifubeni
• Izingcindezi eziqondile, ezingajwayelekile
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukubila okukhulu
• Isikina esimhlophe noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi ezindlebeni nasezinzwini

Abanye abantu nabo baba nokuqina ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma ezinyaweni. Uma ubhekene nezinkinga zokuphefumula eziqala ngokuzumayo, ezinkulu, lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngisho nezimpawu ezilula eziqhubeka noma eziyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele zibuyekezwe yisikhungo sakho sezempilo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqina kwemiphunga?

Ukuqina kwemiphunga kuwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kulokho okubangela ukuqokelela kwamanzi. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza odokotela ukuba bakhethe indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Ukuqina kwemiphunga okuvela enhliziyweni kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, lapho inhliziyo ebuthakathaka noma elilimaziwe ibangele igazi ukuba libuyele emiphungeni yakho. Ukucindezeleka kuleli bhekabheka kuqobela amanzi ezingxangxethweni zakho zomoya.

Ukuqina kwemiphunga okungaveli enhliziyweni kwenzeka lapho amanzi ephuma emiphungeni yakho ngezizathu ezingahambelani nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho imithambo emincane yegazi emiphungeni yakho yonakele noma ibe nomthamo omkhulu, ivumela amanzi ukuba aphume lapho kungafanele.

Yini ebangela ukuqina kwemiphunga?

Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka kuye kokuthi inkinga iqala enhliziyweni yakho noma kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Ake siqonde izizathu ezivamile zokuthi lesi simo siqale.

Izimbangela ezihlobene nenhliziyo zihlanganisa izimo eziningana ezithinta ikhono lenhliziyo yakho lokupompa igazi kahle:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuvela ezimweni ezahlukene
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo okonakalisa imisipha yenhliziyo
• Ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu kakhulu
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo se-mitral noma se-aortic valve
• Izingcindezi ezingajwayelekile zenhliziyo ezithinta ukusebenza kokupompa
• I-Cardiomyopathy, lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba nzima noma iqine kakhulu

Izimbangela ezingahambelani nenhliziyo zingabangela ukuqokelela kwamanzi ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu njengopneumonia noma i-sepsis
• Isifo sesibindi esithinta ibhalansi yamanzi
• Ukuvezwa phezulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2,400
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu
• Ukuphefumula izinto eziyisithukutheli noma ukutsha
• Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise neminye imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu
• Ukuhlushwa noma ukusondela ekuhlushweni
• I-blood clots emiphungeni
• Ukushisa okukhulu noma ukulimala

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi kuhlanganyela kulesi simo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ukuze aqonde imbangela noma izimbangela ezikuthinta, njengoba lokhu kuqondisa uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqina kwemiphunga?

Ukuncipha kokuphefumula okuzumayo kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lesi akuyona isimo sokulinda nokubona, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zinkulu noma ziyanda ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma uhlushwa ukuphefumula okukhulu, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukukhwehlela i-foam ebomvu noma egazi. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi impumulo yakho ithinteke kakhulu futhi idinga ukusebenta ngokushesha.

Kufanele futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezilula eziyanda ngamahora noma izinsuku. Ngisho nezinguquko ezihamba kancane ekuphumeni komoya, ikakhulukazi uma une-heart disease noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, kufanele zibuyekezwe. Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nokuthi nini okuthile akukuhle ngokuphefumula kwakho.

Ziyini izinto eziyingozi zokuqina kwemiphunga?

Izimo ezithile zezempilo nezimo zokuphila zikwenza kube lula ukuthola lesi simo. Ukuba nomqondo walobu bukhulu kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba liqaphele.

Izinto eziyingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlangene nempilo yenhliziyo neyegazi:

• Umlando wesifo senhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kungalawulwa kahle
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo kwangaphambili
• Isifo se-coronary artery
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Izingcindezi ezingajwayelekile zenhliziyo

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingakwandisa ingozi yakho:

• Isifo sesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• I-Sleep apnea
• I-Diabetes
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu noma i-sepsis
• Umlando we-blood clots

Indlela yokuphila nezinto ezingqongile nazo ziyabaluleka. Ukubhema kulimaza impumulo yakho nenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphila noma ukuya ezindaweni eziphezulu kungabangela izigameko kubantu abathintekayo. Iminyaka nayo idlala indima, njengoba abantu abadala bekhona kakhulu ukuba babe nezimo ezingaphansi zenhliziyo noma zesibindi.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuqina kwemiphunga?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, ukuqina kwemiphunga kungabangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu ezithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kunciphisa kakhulu lezi ngozi.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kakhulu ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, lapho impumulo yakho ingakwazi ukunikeza i-oksijeni eyanele emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokushesha ezimweni ezinkulu futhi kudinga izinyathelo zokusekela ukuphila ngokushesha.

Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zingathuthuka:

• Izinkinga zokulingana kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokushoda kwe-oksijini
• Ukonakala kwesibindi ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi
• Ukulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yokushoda kwe-oksijini
• Ukushaqeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi kakhulu
• Ukumima kwenhliziyo ezimweni ezinkulu

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ingaba khona uma imbangela engaphansi ingalawulwa kahle. Abanye abantu bangathuthukisa izinkinga zokuphefumula ezihlala njalo noma izinkinga zenhliziyo eziqhubekayo. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekelwa okulandelayo, abantu abaningi bangaphila kahle futhi bavimbele izigameko zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuqina kwemiphunga kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekulawuleni izimo ezingaphansi ezingabangela ukuqokelela kwamanzi emiphungeni yakho. Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela yonke icala, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngendlela efanele.

Ukulawula impilo yenhliziyo kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela. Lokhu kusho ukuthatha imithi yenhliziyo eyalwe ngokunembile njengoba kuyalwe, ukulandelela ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho njalo, nokugcina amazinga e-cholesterol elawulwa. Uma une-diabetes, ukugcina ukulawulwa kahle kweswekile igazi kuvikela inhliziyo yakho nesibindi.

Izinqumo zendlela yokuphila zenza umehluko obalulekile. Ukulinganisela ukudla okunosahluko kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqokelela kwamanzi okungacindezela inhliziyo yakho. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwezeluleko zedokotela wakho kuqina uhlelo lwakho lwe-cardiovascular. Ukugwema ukubhema nokulinganisela utshwala kuvikela inhliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho.

Kubantu abanezingozi ezaziwayo, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kuvumela ukutholwa kwangaphambili kwezinkinga. Udokotela wakho angase ayalwe ukuhlolwa njalo kokusebenza kwenhliziyo noma igazi ukuze abambe izinguquko ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima.

Ukuqina kwemiphunga kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze baqinisekise ukuqina kwemiphunga futhi baqonde imbangela yalo. Inqubo yokuxilonga iqala ngokuvamile ngezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Udokotela wakho uzolalela impumulo yakho nge-stethoscope, ahlole imisindo yokukhankasa ebonisa ukuqokelela kwamanzi. Bazohlola futhi inhliziyo yakho, bahlole ukuqina ezinyaweni zakho noma ezinzwini, futhi balinganise ukucindezeleka kwegazi nezingcindezi zenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqondisa ukwelashwa:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ukubonisa amanzi emiphungeni yakho
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-oksijini nokusebenza kwesibindi
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola ukulingana kwenhliziyo nokusebenza
• I-Echocardiogram ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphompa kangcono kangakanani
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezimpawu zokonakala kwenhliziyo

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase ayale ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT kwesifuba sakho noma izifundo ezikhethekile zokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Umgomo ukuqonda kokubili ukwanda kokubola kwamanzi nokuthi yini ekuyibangelayo, ngakho ukwelashwa kungasebenza kokubili inkinga yesikhathi esifushane nokunciphisa izigameko zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuphathwa kokuqina kwemiphunga kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kugxile ekususeni amanzi engeziwe emiphungeni yakho nokubhekana nembangela engaphansi. Indlela ihluka kuye kokuthi izimpawu zakho zinkulu kangakanani nokuthi yini ebangela inkinga.

Ukuphathwa okusheshayo kuvame ukubandakanya ukwelashwa kwe-oksijini ukusiza ukuphefumula kwakho nemithi yokususa amanzi engeziwe. Ama-diuretics, ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amaphilisi amanzi, asiza izibindi zakho ukuba zisuse amanzi engeziwe emzimbeni wakho. Ungase uthole le mithi nge-IV ukuze isebenze ngokushesha.

Izimbangela ezihlobene nenhliziyo zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile:

• Imithi yokuqina ukupompa kwenhliziyo
• Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo
• Imithi yokuthuthukisa ukulingana kwenhliziyo
• Izindlela zokuvula imithambo yegazi evinjelwe uma kudingeka

Izimbangela ezingahambelani nenhliziyo zidinga izindlela ezahlukene. Uma ukutheleleka kuyimbangela, ama-antibiotics aba yingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha. Ukuqina kwemiphunga okuphezulu kuvame ukuthuthuka ngokwehla emazingeni aphansi nokwelashwa kwe-oksijini.

Ezimeni ezinkulu, ungase udinga ukusekelwa kokuphefumula nge-ventilator kuze kube yilapho impumulo yakho ikwazi ukusebenza kahle futhi. Lokhu kuzwakala kukhulu, kodwa kuyindlela yesikhashana evumela umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuphulukisa ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-oksijini eyanele.

Ungalawula kanjani ukuqina kwemiphunga ekhaya?

Ukulawula ekhaya kugxile ekulandeleni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha nokubheka izinguquko esimweni sakho. Lokhu akuyona into yokwelapha lesi simo ngokwakho, kodwa kunokusekela ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuthatha imithi ngokunembile njengoba kuyalwe kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-diuretics, imithi yenhliziyo, nanoma yimiphi eminye imithi udokotela wakho ayiyalayo. Ungaphuthi izilinganiso noma ungaguquli inani ngaphandle kokukhuluma neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuqala.

Hlola izimpawu zakho nsuku zonke futhi wazi ukuthi nini izinguquko zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha:

• Zilinganise ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke
• Qaphela noma yikuphi ukwanda kokuphefumula okunzima
• Qaphela noma yikuphi ukuqina okusha ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma ezinyaweni
• Qaphela izinguquko ekukhwehleleni kwakho noma i-sputum
• Landelela amazinga wakho kwamandla nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke

Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kusiza uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Ukulinganisela ukudla okunosahluko kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqokelela kwamanzi. Ukulandela noma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa kwamanzi udokotela wakho akuyalayo kuvimbela ukukhuluphala ohlelweni lwakho. Ukuphumula okwanele kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uphulukise ngenkathi uhlala usebenza ngobumnene njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho kugcina impilo yakho jikelele.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde isimo sakho kangcono futhi akhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo. Ukuqoqa ulwazi olufanele kusengaphambili kwenza ukuvakasha kwakho kube nomphumela.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Qaphela noma yimiphi imisebenzi ebangela izinkinga zokuphefumula nokuthi yiziphi izikhundla noma izenzo ezinikeza impumuzo. Lesi sikhathi sihlangana sihlanganisa udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ukuthi isimo sakho siqhubeka kanjani.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho, kuhlanganise nezingxenye kanye nokuthi uyiphuza kangaki. Faka imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, izongezelelo, nemithi yemifino. Ezinye zalezi zingasebenzisana nokuphathwa noma zihlanganyele ekuqokeleleni kwamanzi.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho nezindlela zokwelapha. Ungase ubuze ngokulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi, izinguquko zokudla, noma izimpawu zokuqaphela. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ongayiqondi ngokuxilongwa kwakho noma uhlelo lokwelapha.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuqina kwemiphunga?

Ukuqina kwemiphunga kuyisimo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangaphila kahle. Ikhona into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha nokuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngokushesha.

Ukuqonda izinto eziyingozi zakho nokulawula izimo ezingaphansi njengesi-heart disease noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuba nalesi simo. Ukunakekelwa njalo kwezokwelapha nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha yizixhobo zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuphefumula okunzima, ikakhulukazi uma kuzumayo noma kukhulu, kuhlale kudinga ukubukezwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nokuthi nini okuthile akukuhle ngokuphefumula kwakho, futhi unganqikazi ukufuna usizo uma ulikhona.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqina kwemiphunga

Ingakwelashwa ngokuphelele yini ukuqina kwemiphunga?

Ukuqokelela kwamanzi ngokwakho kuvame ukuxazululwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, kodwa imbangela engaphansi ingase idinge ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo. Abantu abaningi baphila kahle ezigamekeni ezibukhali, ikakhulukazi uma belashwa ngokushesha. Ukubuka kwesikhathi eside kuncike ekuqondeni imbangela yengcambu, kungaba yisifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zesibindi, noma ezinye izimo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana nokuqina kwemiphunga?

Isikhathi sokuphulukana sihlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ebukhulu nasembangelweni engaphansi. Izimo ezilula zingase zibe ngcono phakathi nezinsuku ngokwelashwa okufanele, ngenkathi izigameko ezinkulu zingase zithathe amasonto ukuze ziphulukiswe ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela intuthuko yakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Abantu abaningi babona intuthuko ekuphumeni komoya phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48 okuqala kokwelashwa.

Ingozi yokufa yini ukuqina kwemiphunga?

Nakuba ukuqina kwemiphunga kuhlale kunzima futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, akuhlale kungozi yokufa. Ubukhulu buyahluka kuye kokuthi amanzi angakanani aqokelele nokuthi akhule ngokushesha kangakanani. Izimo ezilula ezihlala njalo zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane futhi ziqondwe ngokwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, izigameko eziqala ngokuzumayo, ezinkulu zingaba yingozi yokufa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ungakuvimbela yini ukuqina kwemiphunga uma une-heart disease?

Yebo, ukulawulwa kahle kwesifo senhliziyo kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuba nokuqina kwemiphunga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha imithi eyalwe ngokuqhubekayo, ukulandelela ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwakho, ukulinganisela ukudla okunosahluko, nokusebenza ngokomzimba njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kuvumela ukutholwa kwangaphambili nokuphathwa kwezinguquko ezingabangela ukuqokelela kwamanzi.

Yimiphi ukudla okufanele uyigweme ngokuqina kwemiphunga?

Ukulinganiselwa kokudla okuyinhloko ukulinganisela ukudla okunosahluko (usawoti), njengoba usawoti owengeziwe ungabangela ukuqokelela kwamanzi okuqobela inhliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho. Lokhu kusho ukugwema ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, usoso olupakishiwe, ukudla kwendawo yokudlela, nokufaka usawoti ekudleni. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukulinganisela ukudla kwamanzi kwezinye izimo. Gxila ezithelo ezintsha, imifino, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, nokudla okugcwele okulungiswe ngaphandle kosawoti oluengeziwe.