Ubuthakathaka be-Pulmonary Valve? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve kwenzeka lapho i-valve ephakathi kwe-right ventricle yenhliziyo yakho ne-pulmonary artery ingasebenzi kahle. Le valve isebenza njengomnyango ohamba ngendlela eyodwa, ivumela igazi ligele eyenhliziyweni yakho liye emaphashini akho kodwa livimbele ukuba lingabuyi emuva.

Uma le valve ihlala incinci kakhulu (stenosis) noma i-leaky (regurgitation), inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze nzima ukuze ipompe igazi ngokuphumelelayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary valve disease ephansi bahlala impilo evamile, enempilo, futhi kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okukhona uma kudingeka.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthakathaka kwe-pulmonary valve?

Abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary valve disease ephansi abanawo noma yimiphi impawu. Inhliziyo yakho iyakwazi ukuziqondisa futhi ingakwazi ukubuyisela izinkinga ezincane ze-valve ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuvela kancane njengoba inkinga ye-valve iqala ukukhula. Nansi into ongayibona:

• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ukuzivocavoca
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukuzizwa ukhanya uma ukuma ngokushesha
• Ukukhula kwezinyawo, izinyawo, noma imilenze
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukuzizwa kwenhliziyo engavamile
• Ukuhlanza, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ubuthakathaka obukhulu be-pulmonary valve bungabangela izimpawu ezinzima njengokukhokha okuqhubekayo, ukwanda kwesisindo ngokushesha ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi, noma ubunzima obukhulu bokuqeda ngisho nasekuphumuleni. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuthakathaka kwe-pulmonary valve?

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve buza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngayinye ithonya indlela igazi eligele ngayo enhliziyweni yakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi kwenzekani esimweni sakho.

I-Pulmonary stenosis kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho ihlala incinci noma iqine, okwenza kube nzima ukuba igazi ligele enhliziyweni yakho liye emaphashini. Cabanga ngakho njengokuzama ukucindezela amanzi nge-faucet evaliwe ingxenye - inhliziyo yakho kufanele ipompe ngamandla engeziwe ukuze isuse igazi ngokuvuleka okuncane.

I-Pulmonary regurgitation kwenzeka lapho i-valve yakho ingavalwa ngokuphelele, ivumela igazi ukuba ligele emuva enhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elithile okufanele liye emaphashini akho ligele emuva ekhameni lenhliziyo yakho, liliphoqa ukuba lisebenze nzima ukuze ligcine ukugeleza kwegazi okuhle.

Abanye abantu bangaba nazo zombili izimo ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuthiwa yi-mixed valve disease. Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngokuhlola okucophelelayo nokulingwa.

Yini ebangela ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve bungakhula kusukela ebuthakathakeni bokuphila noma buthole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene. Izimo eziningi zivela ebuthakathakeni benhliziyo ezelwe naye, okusho ukuthi i-valve ayizange yakhe kahle ngesikhathi usathuthuka esizalweni.

Nansi izimbangela eziyinhloko udokotela wakho angaxoxa nawe ngazo:

• Ubuthakathaka benhliziyo ezelwe naye, kufaka phakathi i-bicuspid pulmonary valve noma i-tetralogy of Fallot
• Ubuthakathaka benhliziyo be-Rheumatic kusuka ezifweni ze-strep ezingalashwanga
• I-Carcinoid syndrome, isimo esingavamile esibandakanya iziwomela ezikhiqiza ama-hormone
• I-Infective endocarditis, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba sangaphakathi senhliziyo
• Izinkinga zokuthi kwenzeke ngaphambili ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
• I-Pulmonary hypertension ebeka ukucindezela okukhulu kwi-valve
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla endaweni yesifuba

Ngokungavamile, imithi ethile, izimo ze-autoimmune, noma ukulimala kwesifuba kungalimaza i-pulmonary valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugqwala okuhlobene nobudala empeleni kuyinto engavamile kule valve ethile, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ze-valve zenhliziyo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yobuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo eziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okufushane okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuya kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti maduze uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ukukhungatheka okuvamile, noma ukukhula ezinyaweni okuthuthuki ngokuphumula nokuphakamisa. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ingase isebenze nzima kunokufanele.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu, noma ubunzima obukhulu bokuqeda ngokushesha. Nakuba lezi zimo zingavamile ngobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile le simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nilandelele impilo yenhliziyo yakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zifaka:

• Umlando womndeni wokulimala kwenhliziyo ezelwe naye
• Ukulimala kwe-rheumatic fever noma izifo ze-strep ezingalashwanga ngaphambili
• Umlando wezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezelwe naye
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi okubandakanya i-pulmonary valve
• Iziwomela ze-Carcinoid noma i-carcinoid syndrome
• I-Chronic kidney disease edinga i-dialysis
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo

Ezinye izinto zokuphila nezimo ezingase zibambe iqhaza, kufaka phakathi ukuboshwa imithi ethile, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla wesifuba, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingena ezinhlungwini. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanezi zinto abazitholi izinkinga ze-valve, futhi abanye abantu abangenazo izinto ezingase zibenze babe sengozini bayithola le simo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary valve disease ephansi abanawo amaphutha anzima, ikakhulukazi ngokulandelela okuhle nokukhathalela. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kukusiza uqonde ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okwengeziwe.

Uma ubuthakathaka be-valve buqhubeka noma bungelashwa, lezi zinkinga zingase zenzeke:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesokudla, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• Izimo zenhliziyo ezingavamile (arrhythmias) ezingabangela ukushona kwenhliziyo
• Igazi elihlanganisa emakhameni enhliziyo
• I-Stroke kusuka egazini elihamba ebuchosheni
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha, nakuba lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu
• I-Infective endocarditis, ikakhulukazi uma unezingxenye ze-valve ezakhiwe
• I-Pulmonary hypertension eya kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulandelela okuvamile nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizosisebenza nawe ukuze lilinganise ingozi yakho futhi lenze uhlelo lokuvikela inhliziyo yakho.

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve bungavikeleka kanjani?

Njengoba ubuthakathaka obukhulu be-pulmonary valve buvela ebuthakathakeni benhliziyo ezelwe naye, ukuvimbela okuphelele akuhlali kungenzeka. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuvikela ukwelapha izifo ze-strep throat ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic ukuvimbela i-rheumatic fever. Lesi sinyathelo sodwa singanciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola ubuthakathaka benhliziyo be-rheumatic kamuva ekuphileni.

Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwamazinyo nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuvamile kusiza ukuvimbela i-infective endocarditis, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele unezinkinga ze-valve. Umdenti wakho nodokotela wenhliziyo bangase bancoma i-antibiotic prophylaxis ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo zamazinyo.

Ukuphila impilo enempilo yenhliziyo kusekela impilo yakho yonke ye-cardiovascular. Lokhu kufaka ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, ukugwema ukubhema, nokuphatha izimo ezinjenge-diabetes nokucindezeleka kwegazi eliphezulu.

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve buhlolwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho olalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Izinkinga eziningi ze-valve zenza i-heart murmurs ehlukile abaphathi bezempilo abanolwazi abangayithola ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile.

Uma udokotela wakho ecindezela ubuthakathaka be-valve, cishe uzoyala i-echocardiogram kuqala. Lolu viwo lwe-ultrasound olungapheli luveza izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo yakho, libonisa ukuthi ama-valve akho avuleka futhi avala kangcono kangakanani nokuthi igazi elingakanani eligele ngayo.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungafaka i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola izinga lenhliziyo yakho, i-X-rays yesifuba ukubona usayizi wenhliziyo yakho nesimo lamaphashini akho, kanye nemivivo yokucindezela yokuzivivinya ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile njenge-cardiac MRI noma i-heart catheterization kunikeza ulwazi olunemininingwane ngisho nakakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole umlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu zakho ngokucophelela, njengoba lolu lwazi lumsiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubuthakathaka be-valve buthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke nempilo yakho yonke.

Ukuphathwa kwenhliziyo yobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Ukuphathwa kwenhliziyo yobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve kuncike ezingeni lesimo sakho nokuthi buthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi abane-disease ephansi badinga ukulandelela okuvamile ngaphandle kokungenelela ngokushesha.

Ngezimpawu ezilula, udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma "ukulinda ngokuqapha" ngokuhlola okuvamile ne-echocardiograms ukuze ulandelele noma yiziphi izinguquko. Le ndlela isebenza kahle ngoba abantu abaningi abane-valve disease ephansi bahlala beqondile iminyaka ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa.

Uma izimpawu zivele noma ubuthakathaka be-valve bube nzima kakhulu, izinketho zakho zokwelapha zifaka:

• Imithi ezosiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba ipompe ngokuphumelelayo noma ulawule izimpawu
• I-Balloon valvuloplasty, lapho ibhaluni encane ivula i-valve ecinciwe khona
• Ukufakwa kwe-valve ye-pulmonary nge-Transcatheter usebenzisa indlela ehambisana ne-catheter
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ukuze kulungiswe noma kufakwe i-pulmonary valve
• Izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa izindlela ezihlukene

Udokotela wenhliziyo yakho uzosisebenza nawe ukuze unqume indlela engcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho esithile, impilo yonke, iminyaka, nezifiso zakho siqu. Isizathu sihlala siwukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho ngenkathi unciphise ingozi.

Indlela yokuphatha ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve ekhaya kugxile ekusekeleni impilo yakho yenhliziyo nokubona ukuthi nini udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke okuningi kubandakanya izinqumo ezilula zokuphila ezizuza uhlelo lwakho lonke lwe-cardiovascular.

Hlala usebenzile ngaphakathi kwezinga lakho lokududuzeka, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho. Ukuzivocavoca okulula kuya kokuphakathi njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili empeleni kungaqinisa inhliziyo yakho, kodwa gwema ukuzikhandla ngokweqile ngokuphefumula okufushane noma ubuhlungu besifuba.

Landelela izimpawu zakho njalo ugcine idayari elula yokuthi uzizwa kanjani. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingeni lakho lamandla, ukuphefumula, noma ukukhula, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuba lenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo okunezithelo eziningi, imifino, nama-grains aphelele ngenkathi unciphise usawoti uma uhlangabezana nokukhula. Thatha yonke imithi eyalwe njengoba kuyalwe, futhi ungawuyekethi ama-doses ngisho noma uzizwa kahle.

Zama ukuhlanza kwamazinyo okuhle futhi uqondise bonke abaphathi bezempilo ngesimo sakho se-valve, njengoba ungase udinga i-antibiotic prophylaxis ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo. Hlala ubuyekeza ngokugoma, ikakhulukazi ama-flu shots, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungase kuqinisise inhliziyo yakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu nokuqondisa ekuhambeni kwakho. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, nama-vitamins owayithatha, kufaka phakathi ama-dosages. Lungiselela futhi uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengoba kulula ukukhohlwa izinkinga ezibalulekile ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Butha noma yiziphi iziphumo zokuhlola ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi i-echocardiograms noma ezinye izivivinyo ezihlobene nenhliziyo ezivela kwabanye abaphathi bezempilo. Uma ubona uchwepheshe okokuqala, letha isishweshwe somlando wakho wezokwelapha nanoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani ozosiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba aphinde noma achaze noma yini ongayiqondi ngokuphelele.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve yisimo esilawuleka esithinta abantu ngezindlela ezihlukene kuye ngokuthi bukhulu kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abane-disease ephansi bahlala impilo evamile ngokuphelele ngokulandelela okuvamile nokukhathalela okufanele uma kudingeka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okuhle kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuvumela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuba lilandelele noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi lingenele ngokufanele uma isimo sakho siqhubeka.

Ukuphathwa kwamanje kuphumelela kakhulu, kusukela emithi kuya ezinqubweni ezingenasici kuya ezinkethweni zokuthi kwenzeke ngaphambili uma kudingeka. Ikhona ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukwenza uhlelo olufanele izidingo zakho nezimo zakho zokuphila.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nesifo se-valve akuchazi wena noma akulingani amandla akho okuhlala impilo ezele ukwaneliseka. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokunakekelwa, abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary valve disease baqhubeka bejabulela imisebenzi yabo evamile futhi bagcine ikhwalithi enhle yempilo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve

Ngingazivocavoca yini ngobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary valve disease ephansi kuya kokuphakathi bangazivocavoca ngokuphepha futhi kufanele bahlale bekhuthele ngenxa yempilo yenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ethile kuye ngokuthi isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani nezimpawu. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi ephansi kuya kokuphakathi njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili okulula kuwusizo, kuyilapho imidlalo ephakathi nendawo engase idinge ukucaciswa udokotela wenhliziyo yakho.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yobunthakathaka be-pulmonary valve?

Ukuhlinzwa akudingeki kubo bonke abantu abane-pulmonary valve disease. Abantu abaningi abane-disease ephansi badinga ukulandelela okuvamile kuphela, kuyilapho abanye bengase bazuze ezinqubweni ezingenasici njenge-balloon valvuloplasty. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma ukuhlinzwa kuphela uma izimpawu zakho zikuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho noma uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho icindezelwe yinkinga ye-valve.

Ingabe ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve buyafa?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuthakathaka kwe-pulmonary valve, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nokulimala kwenhliziyo ezelwe naye, zingaba nezingxenye ze-genetic. Uma unemlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo ezelwe naye, abantwana bakho bangase babe nengozi encane ephakeme. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle komlando womndeni, futhi ukuba nalesi simo akusho ukuthi abantwana bakho bazokuthola.

Kufanele ngibe ne-aphoyintimenti zokulandelela kangaki?

Ukuvamile kokulandelela kuncike ezingeni lesimo sakho se-valve nezimpawu. Abantu abane-disease ephansi bavame ukudinga ukuhlola unyaka ngamunye noma eminyakeni emibili, kuyilapho labo abane-disease ephakathi bangase badinge ama-aphoyintimenti izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwelishumi nambili. Uma une-disease enzima noma usuvele unezinqubo ze-valve, cishe uzodinga ukulandelela okuvamile. Udokotela wakho uzoqamba isimiso esifanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ingabe ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve bungaba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Ubuthakathaka be-pulmonary valve bungase buqhubeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kancane ezimweni eziningi. Abantu abaningi bahlala beqondile iminyaka ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu, kuyilapho abanye bengase bahlangabezane nokuqhubeka kancane. Ukulandelela okuvamile kusiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuba lithole noma yiziphi izinguquko kwangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi lilungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokufanele. Izinga lokuqhubeka liyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu futhi kuncike esizathwini esiyinhloko sobuthakathaka bakho be-valve.