Uyini uRabies? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uyini uRabies?

URabies iyisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yi-virus esithinta ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho. Usakazeka ngesali sezilwane ezine-virus, ngokuvamile uma zikuluma.

Le virus iyingxenye yomndeni obizwa nge-rhabdoviruses futhi ihlose ngokukhethekile isimiso sakho sezinzwa. Uma izimpawu zivele, uRabies cishe ubulawa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungakho ukuvimbela ngokugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa, ungavimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungakhule.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uRabies mningi ezweni elikhulile njenge-United States, ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugonywa zezilwane ezifuywayo. Izigameko eziningi namuhla zivela ekuthintweni nezilwane zasendle ezinjenge-bats, ama-raccoons, noma ama-skunks.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rabies?

Izimpawu ze-Rabies zikhula ngezigaba, futhi isikhathi esithathayo singahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuba njenge-influenza, okwenza kube lula ukuziphoxa.

Isigaba sokuqala sivame ukufaka lezi zibonakaliso zexeswayiso:

• Ukuqina nobuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• Ubuhlungu, ukugqolozha, noma ukushisa lapho kulumwe khona
• Ukuphefumula nokwehluleka ukudla
• Ukukhathazeka nokungahlali phansi

Njengoba i-virus iqhubela phambili, izimpawu ezinzima zezinzwa zivela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudideka, ukuziphatha okunobudlova, nokuqamba amanga. Ungase uphinde uthuthukise i-hydrophobia, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukugwinya nokukwesaba okukhulu kwamanzi.

Esigabeni sokugcina, ukutheleleka kubangela ukuqina, i-coma, futhi ekugcineni ukufa. Lokhu kuqhubeka ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma izimpawu zezinzwa ziqala, kungakho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa kunokubaluleka okukhulu.

Yini ebangela uRabies?

I-virus ye-Rabies ibangela lokhu kutheleleka, futhi isakazeka ikakhulukazi ngokuluma kwezilwane. Uma isilwane esine-virus sikuluma, i-virus esaleni sayo ingena emzimbeni wakho nge-wounds.

Izilwane eziningi zingaba ne-Rabies futhi ziyisakaze:

• Izilwane zasendle ezinjenge-bats, ama-raccoons, ama-skunks, nama-foxes
• Amakati namakati angagonywanga
• Izilwane zefama ezinjengezinkomo nama-horses (okungavamile)
• Amaphayona nezinye izilwane ezifana nawo kwamanye amazwe

Ngokungavamile, uRabies ungasakazeka ngokukroba kwezilwane ezine-virus noma uma isali sayo singena e-wounds ezivulekile noma e-mucous membranes. Ngokungavamile kakhulu, abantu baye batheleleka yi-Rabies ngokudluliselwa kwezitho ezivela kubanikazi abathelelekile.

I-virus ayikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle komphathi, ngakho awukwazi ukuthola uRabies ngokuthinta izinto noma izinto. Ukudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi kuye kwabhalwa kuphela ezimbalini ezimbalwa ezihilela ukudluliselwa kwezitho.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela ngokuboshwa yi-Rabies?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuluma kwesilwane, ikakhulukazi ezivela ezilwaneni zasendle noma izilwane ezifuywayo ezingaziwa isimo sazo sokugonywa. Isikhathi sibalulekile ngoba ukwelashwa kusebenza kangcono uma kuqalwa ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma uye ekamelweni ephuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimo:

• Noma yikuphi ukuluma kwesilwane sasendle njenge-bat, i-raccoon, noma i-skunk
• Ukuluma kwamakati namakati angagonywanga noma ahlala emagcekeni
• I-wounds ejulile ezivela ekulumeni kwanoma yisiphi isilwane
• Ukukroba okuqhekeza isikhumba ezivela ezilwaneni ezingaba ne-virus
• Ukuthintana nesali le-bat noma ukuthola i-bat ekamelweni lakho lokulala

Ngisho noma ukuluma kubonakala kuncane, ungalindi izimpawu ukuthi zivele. Uma izimpawu ze-Rabies zivele, ukwelashwa kuba kungenamsebenzi kakhulu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angahlola ingozi yakho futhi anqume ukuthi udinga yini ukuvikelwa ngemuva kokuboshwa.

Uma uhamba emazweni lapho uRabies uvame khona, xoxa ngokugonywa kwangaphambi kokuboshwa nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kohambo lwakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingaholela ekutholakaleni kwe-Rabies?

Imisebenzi ethile nezindawo zingandisa amathuba akho okuboshwa yi-Rabies. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaholela ekutholakaleni kuzokusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Ingozi yakho ingaba phezulu uma:

• Usebenza nezilwane ngokusebenza (othisha bezilwane, abaphathi bezilwane)
• Chithe isikhathi emaphahweni lapho ama-bats ahlala khona
• Uhamba emazweni anemihlelo embi yokulawula uRabies
• Uhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho kunokuxhumana okuningi nezilwane zasendle khona
• Phatha izilwane zasendle zocwaningo noma ukulungiswa kwazo

Indawo yomhlaba nayo ibalulekile kakhulu. URabies uvame kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika nase-Asia, lapho izinhlelo zokugonywa zezinja zingase zibe mncane khona. Kulezi zindawo, izinja zihlala ziyisithombo esiyinhloko sezigameko ze-Rabies zabantu.

Abantwana babhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba bavame ukusondela ezilwaneni ezingaziwa futhi bangase bangabikisi ukuluma noma ukukroba kubantu abadala. Bavame futhi ukuthola ukuluma okukhulu kunokulingana nomzimba wabo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Rabies?

Uma izimpawu ze-Rabies zivele, ukutheleleka kuqhubeka ngokushesha futhi kubangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu ezithinta isimiso sakho sonke sezinzwa. Lezi zinhlanganisela zikhula njengoba i-virus isakazeka kulo lonke ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha yokuphefumula
• Ukuqina kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yezinzwa
• Ukuqina okuphelele okuqala endaweni yokuluma
• I-coma nokufa ezimweni eziningi

Phakathi nokuqhubeka, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezisabekayo ezinjenge-hydrophobia, lapho ngisho nokubona noma ukuzwa amanzi kubangela ukugqolozha okuhlungu komphimbo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-virus ithinta izingxenye zobuchopho bakho eziqondisa ukugwinya.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa okusheshayo ngemuva kokuboshwa. Ukuvikelwa ngemuva kokuboshwa kusebenza kakhulu uma kuqalwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele.

Ungavimbela kanjani uRabies?

Ukuvimbela yilona thuluzi lakho elihle kakhulu lokuvikela uRabies, futhi izindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zingakuvikela wena nomndeni wakho. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zithola ukugonywa okuvamile kwe-Rabies.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukugonywa kwazo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo (izinja, amakati, ama-ferrets) ngokuvumelana nezidingo zendawo
• Ukuqeda ukuxhumana nezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenza ngokungavamile
• Ungalondli noma usondeli ezilwaneni ezihlala emagcekeni
• Vikele ikhaya lakho e-bats nakwezinye izilwane zasendle
• Funda abantwana ukuthi bangaluthinti izilwane ezingaziwa

Uma usebenza nezilwane noma uhamba ezindaweni ezingozi enkulu, ukugonywa kwangaphambi kokuboshwa kungakunikeza isivikelo esengeziwe. Leli qembu lemijovo lisiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukuba siphendule ngokushesha uma kukhona ukuboshwa.

Uma uqeqesha noma uhamba, gcina ukudla kahle ukuze ungadingeki izilwane zasendle ekamu lakho. Uma uthola i-bat ekhaya lakho, xhumana nokulawula izilwane kunokuba uzame ukuyisusa wena.

URabies utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola uRabies kubantu abaphilayo kunzima ngoba ukuhlolwa okuthenjwayo kudinga amasampula ethishu yobuchopho. Odokotela ngokuvamile basekela ukulinganisa kwabo emlandweni wakho wokuboshwa kanye nezimpawu kunokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokubuza imibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthintana kwakamuva nezilwane, umlando wohambo, nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini. Bazophinde benze ukuhlolwa okuhle kwezinzwa ukuze bahlole izimpawu zokuthinta ubuchopho.

Izivivinyo ezikhona zihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwesali, igazi, kanye ne-spinal fluid, kodwa lezi azivamile ukuba ziqondile ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukukroba kwesikhumba esifundeni komphimbo kungase kube nokubona i-virus, yize imiphumela ingase ithathe isikhathi.

Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile kakhulu kuvela ekuhlolweni kwethishu yobuchopho ngemuva kokufa, kungakho izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokuvamile zenziwa ngokusekelwe engozini yokuboshwa kunokulinda ukuqinisekiswa. Uma kunanoma yiluphi ithuba elifanele lokuboshwa, odokotela bazokuncoma ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwe-Rabies?

Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuncike ngokuphelele esikhathini. Ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele, ukuvikelwa ngemuva kokuboshwa kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ukuthi kungakhule.

Ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuboshwa kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili:

• I-Rabies immune globulin eyongezwe eduze komlomo wokuluma
• Uchungechunge lwemijovo ye-Rabies vaccine enikezwa emasontweni amaningana
• Ukuhlanza kahle i-wounds ngesepha nezinongo zokubulala amagciwane
• Ukugonywa kwe-Tetanus uma ungalungile

I-immune globulin inikeza isivikelo ngokushesha ngenkathi umzimba wakho uthuthukisa ama-antibodies awo evela ku-vaccine. Lo mhlanganiso cishe uyi-100% ophelele uma uqalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa.

Ngeshwa, uma izimpawu zivele, amathuba okwelashwa aba mancane kakhulu. Odokotela bangakunikeza kuphela ukunakekelwa okusekela ukulawula izimpawu nokukwenza ukhululeke. Abantu abambalwa kuphela baye baphila uRabies ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zivele, okwenza ukuvimbela kube yindlela kuphela ethembekile.

Ungazinakekela kanjani ngemuva kokuboshwa yi-Rabies?

Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa yi-Rabies kungasindisa impilo yakho. Into yakho yokuqala kufanele ibe ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-wounds kulandele ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Hlanza noma yikuphi ukuluma noma ukukroba kahle ngesepha namanzi okungenani imizuzu engu-15. Faka isisombululo sokubulala amagciwane uma kutholakala, kodwa ungalihli ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuhlanza i-wounds.

Zama ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nesilwane esikulume, kuhlanganise nokuziphatha kwaso, isimo sokugonywa uma saziwa, nokuthi singabhekwa noma sihlolwe yini. Kodwa-ke, ungazami ukubamba isilwane wena.

Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokuqondile mayelana nezinhlelo zokugonywa. Ukuphoxa imidosi noma ukulibazisa ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukusebenza ngokuphawulekayo. Bika noma yiziphi izingozi ezivela ku-vaccine, yize izimpendulo ezinkulu zingavamile.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashela kwakho kwezokwelapha kuzokusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngokushesha. Letha lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nokuboshwa kwakho.

Bhala imininingwane mayelana nesigameko, kuhlanganise nokuthi kwenzeke nini nokuthi kwenzeke kuphi, uhlobo lwesilwane esasihilelekile, nokuthi ukuxhumana kwenzeke kanjani. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungavamile okubonele isilwane.

Letha amarekhodi akho okugonywa, ikakhulukazi isimo se-tetanus, futhi ubhale noma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje. Uma kungenzeka, letha umuntu ozosiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olukhulu oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesikhathi sokwelashwa, izingozi ezingaba khona, kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Buza ngokumisa imisebenzi nokuthi ungabuya nini emisebenzini yakho evamile ngokuphepha.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana noRabies?

URabies uyisifo esibi kodwa esingavikeleka esidinga isinyathelo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa. I-virus cishe ibulawa ngaso sonke isikhathi uma izimpawu zivele, okwenza ukuvimbela kube yithuluzi lakho elibaluleke kakhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi sibalulekile. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuluma kwanoma yisiphi isilwane, ikakhulukazi ezivela ezilwaneni zasendle noma izilwane ezifuywayo ezingaziwa isimo sazo sokugonywa. Ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuboshwa kusebenza kakhulu uma kuqalwa ngokushesha.

Gcina izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zigonywe, qeda ukuxhumana nezilwane zasendle, futhi ufunde umndeni wakho ngokuphepha kwezilwane. Ngokuqapha okufanele nokwelashwa okusheshayo uma kudingeka, uRabies uhlala uyingozi encane emazweni amaningi asathuthuka.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana noRabies

Ungathola yini uRabies ngokuthinta isilwane esine-virus?

Awukwazi ukuthola uRabies ngokuthinta nje uboya noma isikhumba sesilwane esine-virus. I-virus isakazeka ngesali esingena emzimbeni wakho ngokuluma, ukukroba, noma ukuxhumana ne-wounds ezivulekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqhubeke uqede ukuphatha noma yiziphi izilwane zasendle noma ezihlala emagcekeni.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani izimpawu ze-Rabies ukuthi zivele?

Izimpawu ngokuvamile zikhula phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-1-3 ngemuva kokuboshwa, kodwa lokhu kungahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangase bangabonisi izimpawu iminyaka engaphezu konyaka. Indawo yokuluma ithonya isikhathi, ngokuluma okudume eduze kwekhanda kwakho okuvame ukubangela ukuqala okusheshayo kwezimpawu.

Ingabe i-vaccine ye-Rabies iphephile kubantwana nabesifazane abakhulelwe?

Yebo, i-vaccine ye-Rabies iphephile kubantu bazo zonke izinsuku, kuhlanganise nabantwana nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Njengoba uRabies ebulawa ngaso sonke isikhathi, izinzuzo zokugonywa zidlula noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ingabe amakati angaphakathi angathola uRabies?

Amakati angaphakathi angathola uRabies uma ama-bats engena ekhaya lakho noma uma ebaleka ngaphandle. Kungakho othisha bezilwane becela ukugonywa kwe-Rabies kuwo wonke amakati, ngisho nalawa ahlala ngaphakathi kuphela. Ukugonywa kuvikela kokubili isilwane sakho nomndeni wakho.

Kufanele wenzeni uma uthola i-bat ekhaya lakho?

Xhumana nokulawula izilwane noma isevisi yokususa izilwane zasendle ngokushesha. Ungazami ukubamba i-bat wena. Uma noma ubani ekhaya lakho ebe nokuthintana ngqo ne-bat noma uma uyithole ekamelweni lokulala lapho umuntu elele khona, funa ukulinganisa kwezokwelapha ngokuboshwa okungenzeka yi-Rabies.