Ubuhlungu Bokukhanya: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu bokukhanya kwenzeka uma umzimba wakho uthola inani elikhulu lokukhanya ngesikhathi esifushane. Lesi simo, esibizwa nangokuthi i-acute radiation syndrome, senzeka uma ukhombiswe amazinga aphezulu okukhanya okunamandla okulimaza amangqamuzana akho ngokushesha kunokuba angazilungisa.

Abantu abaningi abasoze bahlangana namazinga okukhanya aphezulu ngokwanele okubangela lesi simo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezigameko zenuzi, izinqubo zezokwelapha ezithile, noma ukukhombiswa emsebenzini. Ukuqonda ubuhlungu bokukhanya kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu futhi wazi ukuthi nini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile.

Ubuhlungu Bokukhanya Yini?

Ubuhlungu bokukhanya yindlela umzimba wakho ophawula ngayo ukufunwa kwamazinga okukhanya okungaholela ezingozini phakathi kwamahora noma izinsuku. Uma ukukhanya kwamandla aphezulu kudlula emzimbeni wakho, kulimaza i-DNA emangqamuzaneni akho futhi kuphazamise imisebenzi evamile yamangqamuzana.

Ubukhulu buxhomeke ekubeni uthola kangakanani ukukhanya, okuqondiswa ngamayunithi abizwa ngama-grays noma ama-rads. Amazinga aphansi angabangela izimpawu ezilula eziqeda ngokwazo. Amazinga aphezulu angalimaza izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba futhi abe yingozi uma engekho ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Umzimba wakho unamazinga okulungisa amangqamuzana, kodwa ukukhanya kungawunqoba lokuvikela kwemvelo. Amangqamuzana ahlukanisayo ngokushesha embonini yamathambo, isisu, nokwesikhumba ngokuvamile athinteka kuqala ngoba abuthakathaka kakhulu ekunakekelweni kokukhanya.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zobulungu Bokukhanya?

Izimpawu zobulungu bokukhanya ngokuvamile zivele ngezigaba, futhi isikhathi esithile singasiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kukhombiswe kangakanani ukukhanya. Izimpawu zokuqala ngokuvamile zivele ngaphakathi kwamahora, kodwa iphethini ingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

Izimpawu zokuqala ongazibona zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula nokugabha okuqala ngaphakathi kwamahora
• Ukuhlanza nokugabha esiswini
• Izinhlungu zikhanda nokukhathala
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukuvuvukala komzimba nokubomvu kwesikhumba
• Ukwehluleka kokudla

Ngemva kwesigaba sokuqala, ungase uzizwe kangcono isikhathi esithile esibizwa ngesigaba esingenalutho. Lokhu kungathatha izinsuku kuya emaviki, kuye ngenani lokukhanya olikhombiswe. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakho usebenza ukuze ulungise umonakalo, kodwa izinkinga zithuthuka ngaphansi komhlaba.

Izimpawu kamuva zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zihlanganise:

• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obukhulu
• Ukuwa kwezinwele nezinguquko zesikhumba
• Ukuphuza igazi nokubomvu kalula
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile
• Ubunzima bokuphulukisa eziqashini noma eziqashini
• Amaqhubu emlonyeni nobunzima bokuginya

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile zokukhombiswa okukhulu kakhulu kokukhanya, izimpawu zingathuthuka zihlanganise ukubamba, ukudideka, nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Lezi zinkinga ezinkulu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo okuqondene kakhulu futhi zine-prognosis enqatshelwe kakhulu.

Yini Ebanga Ubuhlungu Bokukhanya?

Ubuhlungu bokukhanya kwenzeka uma ukhombiswe amazinga aphezulu okukhanya okunamandla ngesikhathi esifushane. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya lunamandla anele okuqeda ama-elekthrone ku-atomu, okulimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana akho futhi kuphazamise imisebenzi evamile yezinto eziphilayo.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Izingozi zezitshalo zamandla enuzi noma ukuphahlazeka
• Ukuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi noma ukuhlolwa
• Izingozi ezinezinto ezinobuthi ezikhona ezikhungweni zezokwelapha noma zezimboni
• Izindlela ezithile zokwelapha ezinamanani aphezulu njengokwelashwa kokukhanya (nakuba lokhu kulawulwa ngokucophelela)
• Ukukhombiswa emsebenzini ezitshalweni zenuzi noma ezikhungweni zocwaningo
• Ukuhlaselwa kwezinhloli ezibandakanya izinto ezinobuthi

Inani lokukhanya nesikhathi sokukhombiswa kunquma ubukhulu bezimpawu. Ukukhombiswa okufushane kwamazinga aphezulu kakhulu kungaba yingozi njengokukhombiswa isikhathi eside kwamazinga aphakathi. Ibanga lakho kusuka emthonjeni wokukhanya libalulekile kakhulu.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ukukhombiswa kungase kwenzeke ngokudla, amanzi, noma umoya ogcwele ubuthi ngemva kwenhlekelele yenuzi. Ukungcola kwangaphakathi kwenzeka uma amaqamuzana obuthi aphefumulelwa, aginywe, noma angene ngezilonda, kubangele ukukhombiswa okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi komzimba wakho.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngobuhlungu Bokukhanya?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma ucindezela ukukhombiswa kokukhanya, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle ekuqaleni. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ekuqaleni kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezivela.

Shaya izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula, ukugabha, noma ukuhlanza ngemva kokukhombiswa kokukhanya okungenzeka. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zingase zivele ngaphakathi kwamahora futhi zibonise ukuthi umzimba wakho utholile inani elikhulu lokukhanya.

Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi noma uzame ukwelapha ubuhlungu bokukhanya ekhaya. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha banokwelashwa okukhethekile futhi bangalandelela inani lamaseli egazi nomsebenzi womzimba. Bangasiza futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuphatha izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi.

Uma ube endaweni lapho ingozi noma isigameko senuzi senzeke khona, funa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhombiswa kokukhanya akubangeli izimpawu eziqala, kodwa ukutholwa ekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuthola Ubuhlungu Bokukhanya?

Izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola ubuhlungu bokukhanya noma zenze lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma usebenza ezindaweni ezingozi.

Izingozi zomsebenzi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi noma ezikhungweni zocwaningo
• Ukusebenza ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezisebenzisa imishini yokukhanya enamanani aphezulu
• Inkonzo yempi ebandakanya izinto zenuzi
• Imisebenzi yokuphatha noma ukuhlanza ubuthi
• Umsebenzi wocwaningo ngezinto ezinobuthi

Izici zomuntu siqu ezingase zikwenze ube buthakathaka zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala (abantwana nabantu abadala banesibopho esikhulu)
• Ukukhulelwa (izingane ezithuthukayo zibuthakathaka kakhulu)
• Ukukhombiswa kokukhanya ngaphambili noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Isimo sokuvikela esibuthakathaka
• Izimo ezithile zezakhiwo ezithinta ukulungiswa kwe-DNA

Indawo yendawo ingase ibe nomthelela, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala eduze kwezitshalo zenuzi noma ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okungavamile kwemvelo. Noma kunjalo, izinqubo zokuphepha zanamuhla zenza ukukhombiswa emsebenzini kube yinto engavamile, futhi izitshalo eziningi zenuzi zinamarekhodi aphephe kakhulu.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zivele Ngobuhlungu Bokukhanya?

Ubuhlungu bokukhanya bungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Ubukhulu nokwenzeka kwezinkinga kuncike kakhulu enanini lokukhanya elitholiwe nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini.

Izinkinga ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezelwa kwemithambo yamathambo okuholela ekutheni inani lamaseli egazi libe liphansi
• Ukutheleleka okwandayo
• Izinkinga zokopha igazi ngenxa yokuthi inani le-platelet liphansi
• Umonakalo wesisu obangela ukuhlanza okukhulu nokuphelelwa amanzi
• Ukushisa kwesikhumba nokuphazamiseka kokwelapha
• Ukuwa kwezinwele okwesikhashana noma okungapheli

Izinkinga ezinkulu zingase zithuthuke ngamanani aphezulu okukhanya:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu okungaba yingozi ekuphileni
• Ukwehluleka komzimba okuthinta izinkalankala, isibindi, noma amaphaphu
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nezinguquko zengcindezi yegazi
• Izimpawu zezinzwa ezihlanganisa ukudideka nokubamba
• Izinkinga zokuzala noma ukungabi namandla okuzala

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile zokukhombiswa okukhulu kakhulu, izinkinga zingase zihlanganise ukwehluleka komzimba okukhulu nokufa phakathi kwezinsuku kuya emaviki. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, abantu abaningi abanezinga lokukhanya eliphakathi bangaphulukisa ngokuphelele, nakuba abanye bengase babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside njengengozi yokuthola umdlavuza.

Ubuhlungu Bokukhanya Butholakala Kanjani?

Ukuthola ubuhlungu bokukhanya kuhilela ukuhlola umlando wakho wokukhombiswa, izimpawu, nokukhetha igazi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi nini nokuthi ungase ukhe ukukhombiswa kokukhanya.

Ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokuthola ukulinganisa inani lamaseli egazi, ikakhulukazi ama-lymphocytes (uhlobo lweselula elimhlophe legazi). Lezi zicubu ziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokukhombiswa kokukhanya, futhi izinga lokuwa lisiza odokotela ukuthi balinganise inani lokukhanya ne-prognosis.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe udokotela wakho angase azilawule zihlanganisa:

• Inani eliphelele legazi ukuqapha zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi
• Ukufunda kwe-dosimetry uma ube ugcwele ama-badges okuqapha ukukhanya
• Izivivinyo ngemishini yokuthola ukukhanya
• Izivivinyo zomgogodla nezimfuyo ukuhlola ukungcola kwangaphakathi
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromosome ukuhlola umonakalo we-DNA

Izimpawu zakho nesikhathi sazo zinikeza ulwazi olukhulu lokuthola. Ukugabha ngaphakathi kwamahora amabili kokukhombiswa kubonisa inani elikhulu lokukhanya kunokugabha okuqala kamuva. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisa lonke lolu lwazi ukuze linqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Ukuphathwa Kwebuhlungu Bokukhanya Yini?

Ukuphathwa kokuhlungu kokukhanya kugxile ekuphatheni izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokusekela izinqubo zokwelapha zemvelo zomzimba wakho. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluthile kuncike ekubeni utholile kangakanani ukukhanya nezinhlelo zomzimba ezithintekile.

Izinyathelo zokwelapha eziqala zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlanza ukuqeda amaqamuzana obuthi esikhumbeni nasezingutsheni
• Imithi yokunciphisa ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Amanzi e-IV ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi
• Ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ukutheleleka
• Ukuthola igazi uma inani legazi liba liphansi kakhulu

Kwezinye izimo eziphakathi nendawo, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise:

• Izinto zokukhula ukuvusa ukulungiswa kwemithambo yamathambo
• Ukuhlukaniswa ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezibhedlela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Ukusekelwa kokudla nokulandelela ngokucophelela
• Imithi yokuqeda izinto ezithile ezinobuthi emzimbeni wakho
• Ukuthola amaseli eselula ezimweni ezinkulu

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile zokukhombiswa okukhulu kakhulu, ukwelashwa kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kungase kuhlanganise izindlela zokwelapha ezilingayo. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanezinga lokukhanya eliphansi kuya eliphakathi bangaphulukisa ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okusekela nesikhathi.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sobulungu Bokukhanya?

Ukwelapha ekhaya akuyona into efanele yobulungu bokukhanya, futhi akukafanele uzame ukuphatha lesi simo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, uma udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi kuphephile, kunezindlela zokusekela ukululama kwakho ekhaya.

Uma udokotela wakho evuma ukunakekelwa ekhaya, landela lezi zikhombi ngokucophelela:

• Thatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba iyalwe
• Hlanganyela kuyo yonke imihlangano yokulandelela ukuqapha igazi
• Gwema izixuku nabantu abagulayo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Dle ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele ukululama
• Thuthukisa ukulala okwanele futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima
• Gcina isikhumba sakho sihlanzekile futhi sivikelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga

Qaphela izimpawu zezixwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, njengokuvuvukala komzimba, ukuphuza igazi okungavamile, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Isimo sakho sokuvikela singase sibuthakathaka, sikwenze ube buthakathaka kakhulu ezinkingeni.

Ungalokothi uzame izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya noma ukwelapha olukufumana ku-inthanethi ngobulungu bokukhanya. Lesi simo sidinga ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha, futhi ukwelashwa okungafanele kungaba yingozi noma kuphazamise ukululama kwakho.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kudockotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kudockotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu. Letha ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nokukhombiswa kokukhanya okungenzeka, kuhlanganise nokuthi nini, kuphi, nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani.

Ulwazi oluzoqoqwa ngaphambi kokuya kwakho:

• Izinsuku nezikhathi ezicacile zokukhombiswa okungenzeka
• Uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya uma lwaziwa
• Isikhathi sokukhombiswa
• Ibanga kusuka emthonjeni wokukhanya
• Imishini yokuvikela owayuyigqokile
• Isikhathi esiphelele sezibonakaliso ngezinsuku

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwelayisensi kanye nezinye izinto. Letha futhi noma yimaphi amarekhodi okuqapha ukukhanya noma ama-badges uma unayo evela emsebenzini wakho.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho mayelana ne-prognosis yakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokubuya. Ukuba nomuntu omkhulu wasekhaya noma umngani othembekile okukhambela nawe kungasiza ekusekelweni ngokomzwelo nasekukhumbula ulwazi olukhulu.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Nobuhlungu Bokukhanya?

Ubuhlungu bokukhanya yisimo esinzima kodwa esingavamile esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe zesabekayo, abantu abaningi baphulile ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, ikakhulukazi uma ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhombiswa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma ucindezela ukukhombiswa kokukhanya, ungalindi izimpawu zibe zikhulu noma zibe zimbi ngaphambi kokufuna usizo.

Izinqubo zokuphepha zanamuhla zenza ubuhlungu bokukhanya bube yinto engavamile ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi nezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezingozi nezimpawu kungakusiza ukuthi uphendule ngendlela efanele uma ukukhombiswa kwenzeka.

Ngokuthuthuka kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha nokuqonda kwethu ngemiphumela yokukhanya, i-prognosis yobulungu bokukhanya iye yathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uphulukise futhi uvikele izinkinga.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nobuhlungu Bokukhanya

Q1. Ungaphulukisa ngokuphelele yini ebuhlungwini bokukhanya?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abanezinga lokukhanya eliphansi kuya eliphakathi bangaphulukisa ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Umzimba wakho unamandla okuphulukisa amangalisayo, futhi ukunakekelwa okusekela kusiza amangqamuzana akho ukuba alungise umonakalo wokukhanya. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sokubuya sihluka kuye ngenani lokukhanya elitholiwe nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside, kodwa ukululama okuphelele kungenzeka ezimweni eziningi.

Q2. Ubuhlungu bokukhanya buhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sobuhlungu bokukhanya sihluka kakhulu kuye ngenani lokukhanya elitholiwe. Izimo ezilula zingase ziqede phakathi kwamasonto kuya ezinyangeni, kuyilapho izimo ezinkulu zingase zithathe izinyanga kuya eminyakeni yokululama okuphelele. Ukugula ngokuvamile kuqhubeka ngezigaba, kuhlanganise nesigaba sokuqala ngezimpawu, isikhathi esingenalutho lapho ungase uzizwe kangcono, bese kuba nesigaba lapho izimpawu ezinkulu zingase zithuthuke khona. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isikhathi esicacile esisekelwe esimweni sakho.

Q3. Ingabe ubuhlungu bokukhanya buyandileka?

Cha, ubuhlungu bokukhanya ngokwabo abuyona into eyandileka futhi abukwazi ukusabalala kubantu. Noma kunjalo, uma unezingcolile ezinobuthi emzimbeni wakho noma ezingutsheni, ungase ukhombise abanye ekukhanyeni. Kungakho izinqubo zokuhlanza ziyibalulekile ngemva kokukhombiswa kokukhanya. Uma usuhlanziwe kahle, awunayo ingozi yokukhanya kubalandeli bakho, abangane, noma abasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Q4. Ingabe i-X-rays noma i-CT scans yezokwelapha ingabangela ubuhlungu bokukhanya?

Izinqubo ezivamile zokuthola izithombe zezokwelapha njenge-X-rays, i-CT scans, ne-MRIs zisebenzisa amazinga aphansi kakhulu okukhanya kunalawo abangela ubuhlungu bokukhanya. Lezi zinqubo ngokuvamile ziphephile uma zenziwa ngendlela efanele. Noma kunjalo, izindlela ezithile zokwelapha ezinamanani aphezulu njengokwelashwa kokukhanya kokwelapha umdlavuza kuyalungiswa ngokucophelela futhi kuqashwe ukuze kunciphise ingozi yobulungu bokukhanya kuyilapho kusaphathwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Q5. Kufanele wenzeni uma ucabanga ukuthi ukhombiswe ukukhanya?

Uma ucindezela ukukhombiswa kokukhanya, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Susa izingubo ezinobuthi ngokucophelela, geza ngokucophelela ngesepu namanzi afudumele, futhi ugweme ukusabalalisa izinto ezingcolile. Ungenzi ukugabha ngaphandle kokuthi uyalwe ngochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Shaya izinsiza eziphuthumayo noma uhambe e-emergency room eseduze, futhi unikeze imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokukhombiswa okungenzeka ukuze usize abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuba banikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele.