Ukuhlupheka Ngokuhlanganiswa Okungafanele (Reactive Attachment Disorder)? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlupheka Ngokuhlanganiswa Okungafanele (RAD) kuyisimo esingavamile kodwa esinzima lapho abantwana abancinyane behluleka ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle bomzwelo nabaphathi babo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izidingo eziyisisekelo zomntwana zokududuzwa, uthando, nokunakekelwa zingagcwaliseki ngokuqhubekayo ezinyangeni zokuqala neminyaka yobomi bakhe.

Lesi simo sivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5 futhi kuchaphazela indlela abantwana abaxhumana ngayo nabanye kulo lonke impilo yabo. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuqonda i-RAD kungabasiza imindeni ukuthola ukwesekwa okufanele nokwelashwa ukuze kusize abantwana balaphe futhi bakhe ubuhlobo obuhle.

Iyini i-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ukuhlupheka Ngokuhlanganiswa Okungafanele kwenzeka lapho inqubo evamile yokubopha phakathi komntwana nomuntu omkhulu ophambili obamkhathalelayo iphazamiseka. Cabanga ngokubopha njengesisekelo somzwelo esisiza abantwana bazizwe bephephile futhi bethandwa.

Uma lesi sisekelo siqala ukuzamazama ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele, udlakela, noma ukushintsha njalo kwabaphathi, abantwana bangathuthukisa i-RAD. Bafunda ukuzivikela ngokugwema ubuhlobo obuseduze ngokuphelele, okungabonakala njengokuhoxiswa komzwelo noma, kwezinye izimo, ukuziphatha okuhle kakhulu kwabantu abangabazi.

Lesi simo sihlukile ekukhathazeni okuvamile noma izinselele zokuzilungisa. Abantwana abane-RAD baye bahlangabezana nokulimala okukhulu noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele okuye kwashintsha ngokuphelele indlela abasondela ngayo ebuhlotsheni nasekwetheni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Izimpawu ze-RAD ngokuvamile ziwela ezimisweni ezimbili eziyinhloko, futhi ukuzazi kungakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi umntwana wakho angaba yini. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha ngokuvamile zibonakala zidida noma zikhathaza abazali nabaphathi.

Iphethini evinjelwe ihlanganisa:

• Ukufuna ukudambisa kancane lapho ehluphekile noma ekhathazekile
• Ukubonisa impendulo encane lapho kunikezwa ukudambisa
• Ukubonakala ehoxisiwe, edabukile, noma engenamzwelo isikhathi esiningi
• Ukugwema ukubukana kwamehlo noma uthando lomzimba
• Ukubonakala ekhathazekile noma esaba ngokweqile ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukungaphenduli ezingxoxweni zomphakathi noma ekuzameni ukudlala

Iphethini engavinjelwe ibonisa ukuziphatha okuhlukile kodwa okukhathazayo ngokufanayo:

• Ukuba nomusa kakhulu kwabantu abangabazi noma abadala abangabazi
• Ukufuna ukudambisa nokunakekelwa kubantu abaningi, hhayi kuphela kubaphathi abathembekile
• Ukuhamba kude ngaphandle kokubheka emuva kubazali
• Ukubonisa ukuqapha okuncane ezimweni ezingaba yingozi
• Ukwenza ngokungavamile ukuthula nabantu abasanda kubona

Abanye abantwana bangase babe nezinkinga zokuthuthuka, ubunzima bokulawula imizwelo, noma izinkinga zokudla nokulala. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumntwana nomntwana, futhi lokho okubona kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umntwana wakho ekhula futhi elapheka.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bayaqaphela izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-RAD, ngayinye ibonisa izindlela ezahlukene abantwana ababhekana ngazo nokulimala kobuhlobo bokuqala. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuziphatha okuqondile komntwana wakho.

I-RAD evinjelwe ihilela abantwana abahoxisa ngokomzwelo futhi bagweme ukufuna ukudambisa kubaphathi. Laba bantwana ngokuvamile babonakala bedabukile, besaba, noma bekude ngokomzwelo, ngisho nabazali abanothando nabakhathalelayo.

I-RAD engavinjelwe ibonakala njengabantwana abanobungane ngokungafanele nabantu abangabazi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuhle, empeleni kubonisa ukuthi umntwana akafundanga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobuhlobo obuphephile nobungaphephile.

Abanye abantwana bangase babonise izici zombili izinhlobo ngezikhathi ezahlukene noma ezimweni ezahlukene. Iphethini ethile ngokuvamile ixhomeke ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo bokuqala kanye nomoya wabo.

Yini ebangela i-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

I-RAD ithuthukiswa lapho abantwana behlangabezana nokuhlupheka okukhulu ebuhlotsheni babo bokuqala bokukhulisa, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2. Ubuchopho bomuntu buqanjwe ukwakha le mibopha ebalulekile phakathi nesikhathi sobukhulu nobuntwana.

Izinto eziningi ezihlangenwe nakho zingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-RAD:

• Ukwenqatshwa okukhulu lapho izidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla, ukudambisa, noma ukunakekelwa zingagcwaliseki ngokuqhubekayo
• Ukushintsha njalo kwabaphathi abaphambili, njengokubekwa okuningi kwabantwana abakhulu
• Ubudlakela bomzimba, bomzwelo, noma bobulili kubaphathi
• Ukuhlukaniswa isikhathi eside kubazali ngenxa yokugula esibhedlela noma ezinye izimo
• Abaphathi abacindezelekile kakhulu, abaxhomekeke ezidakamizweni, noma abangenamzwelo
• Ukukhathalelwa kwesikhungo ngokuguqulwa okukhulu kwabasebenzi nokunakekelwa okulinganiselwe komuntu siqu

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-RAD ayibangelwa izinselele zokukhulisa ezingavamile noma izikhathi ezinzima zesikhashana. Ukuhlupheka kufanele kube okukhulu futhi kuqhubeke kuleyo minyaka yokuqala ebalulekile lapho izindlela zokubopha zikhiqizwa.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abantwana bangase babe sengozini enkulu ye-RAD ngenxa yezici zezofuzo ezihlupha ikhono labo lokwenza ubuhlobo, kodwa izici zemvelo cishe ziyimbangela ephambili.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Kufanele ucabange ngokusiza ochwepheshe uma umntwana wakho ebonisa ukuziphatha okuhlala kukhathaza kokubopha okungathuthuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokukhathalela okuthandekayo. Themba izinzwa zakho uma kukhona okubonakala kuhlukile kakhulu ngendlela umntwana wakho axhumana ngayo nawe nabanye.

Funani ukuhlolwa uma umntwana wakho evame ukugwema ukudambisa lapho elimele, engabonisi ukukhetha wena phezu kwabantu abangabazi, noma ebonakala esaba kakhulu ukusondela. Lezi ziphethini, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala izinyanga, zidinga ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane noma ochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo yabantwana uma uqaphela ukuthi umntwana wakho unobungane ngokungafanele nabantu abangabazi, ebonisa ukuqapha okuncane ezimweni ezingaphephile, noma ebonakala engenakukwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo obuseduze.

Ungalindi uma umntwana wakho enesizinda sokulimala okuqala, ukufakwa okuningi, noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele futhi manje ebonisa ubunzima bokubopha. Ukungenelela okuqala kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusizeni abantwana ukuba bathuthukise izindlela zokubopha ezinempilo.

Ziyini izici ezingozini ze-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Izimo ezithile zanda amathuba okuthi umntwana angathuthukisa i-RAD, nakuba ukuba nezici ezingozini akukwethembisi ukuthi lesi simo sizovelela. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza ekuqondeni abantwana abangadinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingozini zihlanganisa:

• Ukubeka ekhathalelweni kwesikhungo, ikakhulukazi ngokuguqulwa okukhulu kwabasebenzi
• Ukuhlangabezana nokufakwa okuningi kwabantwana abakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sobukhulu noma buntwana
• Ukuba nabaphathi abanezimo zempilo yengqondo ezingalashwanga njengokucindezeleka okukhulu
• Ukuhlala nabaphathi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa futhi abangenamzwelo
• Ukuhlangabezana nobudlakela bomzimba noma bomzwelo kubaphathi abaphambili
• Ukuzalwa kubazali abancane kakhulu noma abangakulungele ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusekela
• Ukuba nokuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi eside okwahlukanisa umntwana nabaphathi

Ezinye izici ezingavamile ezingozini zihlanganisa ukuzalwa nezimo zezokwelapha ezenza ukubopha kube nzima, ukuba nabaphathi abaye bahlangabezana nokulimala kwabo kwasebuntwaneni, noma ukuhlala ezindlini ezinengxube-ngxube enkulu.

Khumbula ukuthi abantwana abaningi abahlangabezana nalezi zici ezingozini abathuthukisi i-RAD, ikakhulukazi lapho bethola ukunakekelwa okuthandekayo, okuqhubekayo nokwesekwa ukuze kubasize balaphe ezinseleleni zokuqala.

Ziyini izinselele ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, i-RAD ingadala izinselele eziqhubekayo ezichaphazela izindawo eziningi zokuphila komntwana nokuthuthuka kwakhe. Lezi zinselele zingase ziqhubeke zifike ebuntwini uma zingaxazululwa ngokwesekwa okufanele.

Izinselele ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuwakha ubungane obuhle nobuhlobo bomzwelo kamuva ekuphileni
• Izinkinga zokulawula imizwelo nokuphatha ukucindezeleka
• Izinselele zemfundo ngenxa yobunzima bokuthenga othisha nabaphathi
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo
• Izinkinga zokuziphatha kufaka phakathi ubudlova noma ukuphikisa
• Ukuzithemba okuphansi nemizwa yokungabi nalutho
• Ubunzima bokuthuthukisa uzwela nokuqonda imizwelo yabanye

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abantwana abangenakwelashwa i-RAD bangase bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okukhulu njengokweba, ukuqamba amanga njalo, noma ukulimaza izilwane. Abanye bangase bahlupheke ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ubugebengu njengoba bekhula.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele nokwesekwa, izinselele eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe kakhulu. Abantwana banekhono elihle lokuphulukisa lapho benikezwa ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okuthandekayo nokungena esikhundleni sokwelapha okufanele.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantwana bathola ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okuphendula ngesikhathi seminyaka yabo yokuqala lapho izindlela zokubopha zikhiqizwa. Lokhu kusho ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo zokuphepha, ukudambisa, noxhumano lomzwelo.

Amasu okuvimbela ayinhloko ahlanganisa ukunikeza ubuhlobo bokuqala bokukhulisa obuzinzile, obuthandekayo, ukusabela ngokushesha ekukhaliseleni kwengane nezidingo, nokulondoloza izindlela eziqhubekayo ezisiza abantwana bazizwe bephephile.

Kubantwana abasezingozini eziphezulu, njengalabo abasekhathalelweni kwabantwana abakhulu, ukuvimbela kuhilela ukunciphisa ukushintsha kokubekwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaphathi bathola ukuqeqeshwa nokwesekwa okufanele, nokunikeza izinsizakalo zokwelapha ekuqaleni lapho ukulimala kwenzeke.

Ukwesekela abazali nabaphathi kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kokumama, ukunikeza ukwelashwa kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa lapho kudingeka, nokunikeza imfundo yokukhulisa izinsizakalo zokusekela imindeni ecindezelekile.

Lapho ukulimala okuqala noma ukuhlupheka sekwenzeke, izinsizakalo zokungenelela ekuqaleni zingasiza ekuvimbeleni i-RAD ekuthuthukiseni noma ekuthandeni kakhulu. Lapho abantwana bethola ukwesekwa okufanele ngokushesha, amathuba abo okukhula okuhle kokubopha aphezulu.

I-Reactive Attachment Disorder ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-RAD kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abanolwazi ngokulimala kwasebuntwaneni nezinkinga zokubopha. Ayikho i-test eyodwa engakwazi ukuhlonishwa lesi simo.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izingxoxo ezinemininingwane nabaphathi ngomlando wokuqala womntwana, ukuziphatha kwamanje, kanye neziphethini zobuhlobo. Udokotela uzofuna ukuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho komntwana eminyakeni yakhe embalwa yokuqala yobomi.

Ukubona ngqo indlela umntwana axhumana ngayo nabaphathi nabantu abangabazi kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokuhlola. Ochwepheshe bazobheka ukuziphatha okuqondile kokubopha kanye neziphethini ezibonisa i-RAD.

Ukuhlolwa kungase futhi kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuze kuvinjwe ezinye izimo njengokuhlupheka kwe-autism spectrum, ubuthakathaka bokuqonda, noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezingase zibonakale zifana ne-RAD.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungase kudingeke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho izimo zomzimba ezichaphazela ukuziphatha komntwana noma ukuthuthuka kwakhe. Inqubo ingase ithathe izikhathi eziningi ukuqoqa lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ukwelashwa kwe-RAD kugxile ekusizeni abantwana ukuba bathuthukise ubuhlobo obuhle bokubopha futhi balaphe ekulimala kwasekuqaleni. Indlela ngokuvamile iyinde futhi ihilela umntwana nabaphathi bakhe bamanje.

Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kuhlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa komndeni okuqondene nokubopha okusisiza abaphathi ukuba bafunde amakhono okukhulisa akhethekile
• Ukwelashwa ngokudlala okuvumela abantwana ukuba baveze imizwelo nokuhlangenwe nakho abangakwazi ukuwakhuluma
• Ukwelashwa okuqondene nokulimala ukuze kulungiswe okuhlangenwe nakho okulimala okuyisisekelo
• Ukwelashwa kokusebenzisana komzali nomntwana okufundisa amakhono okuhlanganyela okuhle
• Ukwelashwa komuntu siqu komntwana ukuze asebenze ngezinkinga zokubopha
• Ukwelashwa komndeni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana komndeni jikelele nokuxhumana

Kwezinye izimo, imithi ingase ibe usizo ezimweni ezihlobene njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, kodwa ayikho imithi ethile elapha i-RAD ngokwayo. Ukugxila kuhlala kukwelashwa kokungenelela nokwakha ubuhlobo.

Izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezikhethekile ezikahulumeni zingase zidingeke kubantwana abane-RAD enzima abangaphendulanga ekwelapheni kwabantu abangaphandle. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izindawo ezinzima, ezihleliwe ezigxile ekuphulukiseni kokubopha.

Impumelelo yokwelashwa ngokuvamile ixhomeke ekubeni nabaphathi abazinze, abazinikele abazimisele ukufunda izindlela ezintsha zokukhulisa futhi bahlale nomntwana kulo lonke inqubo yokuphulukisa, okungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Indlela yokunikeza ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Ukwelashwa ekhaya kuhilela ukwakha indawo ephephile, eqhubekayo lapho ukuphulukisa kwenzeka khona. Lokhu kusho ukumiswa kwezindlela eziqhubekayo nokusabela kumntwana wakho ngesineke nokuqonda.

Gxilisa ekuqeqeshweni kokuthembana ngokusebenzisana okuncane, kwansuku zonke kunokulindela ukusondela ngokushesha. Nikeza ukudambisa ngaphandle kokuphoqa, futhi uhloniphe isidingo somntwana wakho sesikhala somzwelo ngenkathi uhlala utholakala.

Londoloza imingcele ecacile, ebuthakathaka ngenkathi ugwema ukujezisa ukulungisa, okungase kuqalise kabusha izimpendulo zokulimala. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa imiphumela yemvelo futhi usize umntwana wakho ukuqonda uxhumano phakathi kwezenzo nemiphumela.

Dala amathuba okusebenzisana okuhle ngezinto umntwana wakho azithandayo, ngisho noma ekuqaleni ebonakala engathandwa. Ukuzinza ekuhlaleni kwakho nokunakekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi impendulo yabo ibe yini.

Nakekela izidingo zakho zomzwelo futhi ufuna ukwesekwa kwabanye abaphathi, ochwepheshe, noma amaqembu wokusekela. Ukukhathalela umntwana onayo i-RAD kungase kube inselele ngokomzwelo, futhi udinga ukwesekwa ukuze ube nomphumela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Lungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ngokuqoqa ulwazi oluphelele ngomlando wokuqala womntwana wakho, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukulimala, ukunakekelwa okungafanele, noma ukushintsha kokubekwa. Bhala izibonelo ezithile zokuziphatha okukhathazayo oye wazibona.

Letha noma yimaphi amarekhodi atholakalayo kubaphathi bangaphambili, izinsizakalo zokuxhumana, noma abahlinzeki bezempilo. Lolu lwazi lwesizinda lusisiza udokotela ukuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho komntwana wakho nezinselele zamanje.

Yenza uhlu lwemibuzo ethile ngokuziphatha komntwana wakho, ukuthuthuka, kanye nezinkathazo zakho ngekhono labo lokwenza ubuhlobo. Faka imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa nokuthi yini okulindelekile.

Cabanga ngokuletha umuntu omkhulu wamanje womntwana wakho noma umlingani uma behilelekile ekunakekelweni kwansuku zonke. Ukubuka okuhlukene kungase kunikeze isithombe esiphelele sokusebenza komntwana.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngemizwa yakho nezinselele njengomuntu omkhulu. Lokhu akuyona indaba yokwahlulela kodwa mayelana nokuqonda ukusebenzisana komndeni nokukunikeza ukwesekwa okufanele.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

I-RAD iyisimo esinzima kodwa esingelashwa esithuthukiswa lapho abantwana abancinyane behlangabezana nokuhlupheka okukhulu ebuhlotsheni babo bokuqala bokukhulisa. Nakuba imiphumela ingaba yinkulu, abantwana banekhono elihle lokuphulukisa ngokwesekwa okufanele.

Ukubona nokungena esikhundleni ekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuziphatha kokubopha komntwana wakho, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe kubachwepheshe abaqonda ukulimala kwasebuntwaneni nokubopha.

Ukuphulukisa kuthatha isikhathi, isineke, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile ezigxile ekuqeqeshweni kobuhlobo obuhle. Ngokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okuthandekayo nokwesekwa okufanele kokwelapha, abantwana abane-RAD bangathuthukisa iziphethini zokubopha ezinokuphepha okukhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuphulukisa kungenzeka, futhi awudingi ukuhamba lo lohambo wedwa. Imindeni eminingi iye yasekela ngempumelelo abantwana abane-RAD ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo obuhle nokunqoba imiphumela yokulimala kwasekuqaleni.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Reactive Attachment Disorder

Ingayelashwa ngokuphelele yini i-Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Nakuba i-RAD iyisimo esinzima, abantwana abaningi bangathuthukisa iziphethini zokubopha ezinempilo kakhulu ngokwelashwa okufanele nokwesekwa. "Ukwelashwa" okuphelele kuyahlukahluka ngumuntu ngamunye, kodwa ukuthuthuka okukhulu ebuhlotsheni nasekusebenzeni komzwelo ngokuvamile kungenzeka ngokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okukhethekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingafani yini i-Reactive Attachment Disorder ne-autism?

Cha, i-RAD ne-autism ziyizimo ezahlukene, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibonakale zifana. I-RAD ivela ekulimala kobuhlobo bokuqala, kuyilapho i-autism iyisimo sokuthuthuka kwengqondo esikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Abantwana abane-RAD ngokuvamile banekhono lokuxhumana komphakathi kodwa bahlupheka ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwasekuqaleni, kuyilapho i-autism ihilela izindlela ezahlukene zokuthuthuka kobuchopho.

Bangathuthukisa yini i-RAD abantwana abadala noma intsha?

I-RAD ithuthukiswa ngokukhethekile ebuntwaneni obuqala, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5. Noma kunjalo, abantwana abadala abaye bahlangabezana nokulimala kwasekuqaleni bangase babonise ubunzima bokubopha okufanayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlolwe njengezinye izimo njengokuhlupheka ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma izinkinga zokuzilungisa kunokuba yi-RAD ngokwayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-RAD ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sihlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokukhulu kokulimalwa kwasekuqaleni, iminyaka yomntwana lapho ukwelashwa kuqala, kanye nokuzinza kwendawo yabo yamanje yokunakekelwa. Abanye abantwana babonisa ukuthuthuka phakathi nezinyanga, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge iminyaka eminingi yokwesekwa kokwelapha okuqhubekayo ukuze bathuthukise iziphethini zokubopha ezinempilo.

Bangakha yini ubuhlobo obuhle abantwana abane-RAD?

Yebo, ngokwelashwa okufanele nokwesekwa, abantwana abaningi abane-RAD bangafunda ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle. Inqubo ithatha isikhathi nesineke, kodwa abantwana abaningi bayakwazi ukwakha ukuxhumana okubalulekile nabaphathi, abangane, futhi ekugcineni abalingani bomzwelo njengoba bephulukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwasekuqaleni.