Ziyini izifo ze-Retina? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Izifo ze-retina yizimo ezihlasela i-retina, ilayisha elibukhulu le-tissue ngemuva kwamehlo akho elithatha ukukhanya bese lithumela izibonakaliso zobukhazikhazi ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga nge-retina yakho njengofilimu ekhamera - uma yonakele, umbono wakho uba ukhanyayo, uhlanekeze, noma ungase ulahlekelwe umbono ngokuphelele.

Lezi zimo zingaba ukusuka ekuchinjeni okuncane kokubona kuya ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezisongela ukubona. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izifo eziningi ze-retina zingaphathwa kahle uma zitholakala ngokushesha, kungakho ukuqonda izimpawu zokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondeni umbono wakho.

Ziyini izifo ze-retina?

Izifo ze-retina yiqembu lemiqondo yamehlo elilimaza i-retina, elithinta ukuthi ubonakala kangcono kangakanani. I-retina yakho inezigidi zezisele ezinembile ekukhanyeni ebizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptors asebenza ndawonye ukudala izithombe ozibona nsuku zonke.

Uma izifo ze-retina zithuthuka, zingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zale tissue ebukhulu. Ezinye izimo zilimaza imithambo yegazi enika i-retina ukudla, kanti ezinye zithinta izisele ze-photoreceptor ngokuqondile. I-macula, engumthamo ophakathi kwe-retina yakho ophethe ukubona okuqondile, okuqondile, ikhethekile ekuthintelweni kwezinye izifo ze-retina.

Lezi zimo zingathuthuka kancane eminyakeni eminingi noma zivele ngokuzumayo. Ngenkathi ezinye izifo ze-retina zivame kakhulu njengoba ukhula, ezinye zingathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka, kufaka phakathi abantwana nabantu abadala abasebasha.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezifo ze-retina?

Izinhlobo eziningi zezifo ze-retina zingathinta umbono wakho, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezigaba zokuthuthuka. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ezingaba khona ngokushesha.

Ukuwohloka kwe-macula kuyisifo esivamile kakhulu se-retina, ikakhulukazi ebathinta abantu abadlula iminyaka engama-50. Yonakalisa i-macula, ibangele ukulahleka kobona obuphakathi, kuyilapho ubona bamahlathana buhlala bukhona. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuwohloka kwe-macula okwomile, okuqhubeka kancane, nokuwohloka kwe-macula okwamanzi, okungabangela ukulahleka kobona okusheshayo.

I-retinopathy yama-diabetic ivele lapho amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini enza umonakalo emithanjeni emincane yegazi e-retina yakho. Lesi simo siqhubeka ngezigaba, siqala ngezinguquko ezilula futhi singathuthuka siye e-retinopathy yama-diabetic ephindaphindayo, lapho imithambo emisha yegazi engavamile ikhula futhi ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zobona.

Ukuhlukana kwe-retina kwenzeka lapho i-retina ihlukaniswa ne-tissue engaphansi eyibekela ukusekela. Lokhu kuyisimangalo sokuphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukulahleka kobona okungapheli. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu: i-rhegmatogenous (ebangelwa ukukleliswa), i-tractional (ebangelwa yi-scar tissue ehudula), ne-exudative (ebangelwa ukwakheka kwamanzi).

I-Retinitis pigmentosa yiqembu lemithambeka elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni eliqeda kancane kancane amangqamuzana e-photoreceptor. Lesi simo siqala ngokuvamile ngokubona okubi ebusuku nokulahleka kobona bamahlathana, kancane kancane siqhubeka ngaphakathi eminyakeni eminingi.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa imbobo zamacula, lapho ukukleliswa okuncane kuvela e-macula, ama-epiretinal membranes abangela ukungqongqotha kwe-retina, ne-retinal vein occlusions lapho imithambo yegazi ivinjelwe.

Ziyini izimpawu zezifo ze-retina?

Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala ze-retina kungakusiza ukuthi ufunuke ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ungapheli. Ngenkathi izimpawu zihluka kuye ngesimo esithile, kunezinguquko ezivamile okufanele uzilandele.

Iinguquko zobona zivame ukuvela kancane kancane, okwenza kube lula ukuziphazamisa ekuqaleni. Nazi izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo ezifanele ukunakekelwa kwakho:

• Ukubona okungacacile noma okuphambukile okusemphakathini, ikakhulukazi lapho ufunda noma ubheka ubuso
• Imigqa eqondile ebonakala iqhubeka noma igobile (njengemiframes yamasango noma izinti zefoni)
• Amabala amnyama noma angenalutho embonweni wakho ophakathi
• Ubunzima boku bona ekukhanyeni okuncane noma ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuhlanganisa ukukhanya okukhulu nokukhanya okuncane
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi (ehlangothini), okwenza umphumela wombono wethoni
• Ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kokukhanya noma ukwanda kwamafutha
• Isithunzi noma iphethini evela embonweni wakho
• Imibala ebonakala ingakhanyi noma ihlanzwe
• Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala efanayo

Ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukwanda okungazelelwe kwamaqabunga namafutha, noma isithunzi esihamba embonweni wakho, lokhu kungabonisa ukuhlukana kwe-retina noma ezinye izimo ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izifo ze-retina zingathinta iliso elilodwa ekuqaleni ngenkathi elinye lihlanganisa, okwenza izimpawu zingabonakali kangako. Kungakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubalulekile, ngisho noma uzizwa umbono wakho uphilile.

Yini ebangela izifo ze-retina?

Izifo ze-retina zithuthukisa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, nokuqonda lezi zizathu kungakusiza uvikele kangcono umbono wakho. Ezinye izinto zilawulwa wena, kanti ezinye, njengezinto zofuzo nokuguga, azilawulwa wena.

Ukuguga kubalwa phakathi kwezizathu ezivamile zezifo ze-retina. Njengoba ukhula, izakhiwo ezinemininingwane e-retina yakho ziqala ukubola ngokwemvelo. Amashelu ayengasebenzi kahle, futhi imikhiqizo yokuwohloka ingaqala ukuqoqana, okuholela ezimweni ezinjengokuwohloka kwe-macular.

Isimo sempilo esingapheli siyakwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ze-retina. Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko eziyisisekelo:

• I-shukela kanye nokungalawuleki kahle kweswekela egazini okuholela kubuthathaka be-retina obubangelwa yishukela
• Ukuphuma kwengcindezi yegazi okubangela ukulimala kwezinsimbi zegazi ze-retina
• Ukuphakama kwe-kolesterol okuthuthukisa izinkinga zezinsimbi zegazi
• Izici zofuzo kanye nomlando womndeni wezifo ze-retina
• Ukuqina kombono osondelene (ukubona okungekuhle) okwandisa ingozi yokwahlukana kwe-retina
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo enama-chloroquine
• Izifo ze-autoimmune ezithinta izinsimbi zegazi
• Izifo zokugqwala kwegazi

Izici zemvelo nezokuphila nazo zidlalela indima. Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kungase kuhlanganyele ekubulaleni kwe-retina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubhema kukwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokonakala kwe-macula futhi kungenza kube kubi kakhulu ubuthakathaka be-retina obubangelwa yishukela.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukutheleleka okuthinta i-retina, iziphumu, nezinqubo zokuvuvukala. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi ekuqaleni.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngezifo ze-retina?

Ukubona ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungenza umehluko phakathi kokulondoloza umbono wakho nokuphelelwa umbono unaphakade. Ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo olulodwa noma womabili amehlo, ukwanda ngokuzumayo kwezikhanyiso, ukwanda okukhulu kwe-floaters, noma isithunzi noma i-curtain ehamba endaweni yakho yombono. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuhlukana kwe-retina, okudinga ukwelashwa emahoreni ambalwa ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono unaphakade.

Bhalela udokotela wakho weziso ukuze uhlangane naye ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma ubona ukushintsha kokubona okuqhubekayo, njengokuba imigqa eqondile ibonakala iqhubeka, amabala amnyama embonini yakho ephakathi, ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuncane, noma imibala ibonakala ingakhanyi. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala zingaphuthuma, ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle.

Uma une-diabetes, igazi eliphezulu, noma umlando womndeni wesifo se-retina, kufanele ube nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu. Abantu abane-diabetes kufanele babe nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo okungenani unyaka ngamunye, futhi labo abane-diabetic retinopathy bangadinga ukuqapha okuvamile.

Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziba zimbi noma ubeka ithemba lokuthi ziyothuthuka zodwa. Izifo ze-retina zivame ukuqhubeka ngokuthula ezingxenyeni zazo zokuqala, futhi uma usuqaphela ukushintsha okukhulu kokubona, ukulimala okukhulu kungase kuvele sekwenzeke.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi zezifo ze-retina?

Ukuqonda izinto eziyingozi ezikuthinta wena ngokwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukubona kwakho nokusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uqaphe impilo yamehlo akho ngokucophelela.

Ubudala yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu eyingozi ezifweni eziningi ze-retina. Ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-macular degeneration iyanda kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, kuyilapho ezinye izimo ezifana nokuhlukana kwe-retina zingase zenzeke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka kodwa zibe yinto evamile njengoba ukhula.

Izinto eziningi ezingashintshwa nezingashintshwayo zithinta ingozi yakho:

• I-shukela, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga okusanhlamvu kwegazi engalawulwa kahle
• Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi eliphakeme okulimaza imithambo yegazi yomkhondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zomkhondo, ikakhulukazi ukuwohloka kwe-macular noma i-retinitis pigmentosa
• Ukuqina kombono olukhulu (ukubona okuqondele phansi) okwandisa ingozi yokwahlukana komkhondo
• Ukubhema, okwanda kabili ingozi yokonakala kwe-macular
• Ukukhuluphala okubangela i-diabetes kanye nokuphindaphindeka kwegazi eliphakeme
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni kwe-UV ngaphandle kokuvikelwa
• Izizwe ezithile (ama-African American anamazinga aphezulu ezimo ezithile)
• Ubulili (abesifazane banesilinganiso esincane esiphezulu sokuwohloka kwe-macular)

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zingozi zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa imithi ethile njenge-hydroxychloroquine isikhathi eside, ukuba nezifo zokuziphatha komzimba, noma ukulimala kwekhanda okuqine kakhulu. Izifo zokugqwala kwegazi zingakwandisa futhi ingozi yokuvimba kwe-retinal vein.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi izimbangela eziningi zingozi zingashintshwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokuphathwa kahle kwezokwelapha. Ukulawula i-diabetes kanye nokuphindaphindeka kwegazi eliphakeme, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokuvikela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni kwe-UV konke kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zezifo zomkhondo?

Nakuba ithemba lezinhlanganisela lingase lizwakale liqine kakhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase ibe khona kukusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuphathwa nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavinjelwa noma zinciphisiwe ngokwelashwa okulungile nokuqapha.

Inhlanganisela ebucayi kunazo zonke yezifo zomkhondo ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakade, okungaba ukuphazamiseka okuncane kuya ekubufeni okuphelele. Noma kunjalo, leli phuzu elibi lihlala livimbeka uma izimo zitholakala futhi zitholwe ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehla kokuqonda okuphakathi okuqhubekayo okuphazamisa ukufunda, ukuqhuba, nokuqonda ubuso
• Ukwehla okuphelele kokubona eceleni okuholela ezinkingeni zokunyakaza
• Ukungaboni ebusuku okwenza kube yingozi ukuqhuba ebusuku
• Ubunzima bokuqonda ukujula okwandisa ingozi yokuwa
• Izinkinga zokubona imibala eziphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo zegazi ezintsha ezingakwazi ukuphuza igazi emehlweni
• Ukwakheka kwezicubu zezilo eziphambanisa i-retina
• I-glaucoma yesibili evela ekukhuleni okungavamile kwezithombo zegazi
• I-cataracts ezikhula ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile

Ukuhlupheka okungavamile kodwa okuyingozi kuhlanganisa ukuphuza igazi okukhulu ngaphakathi kweliso okudinga ukuhlinzwa, ukukhishwa kwe-retina okuholela ekwahlukaniseni, nezimpendulo zokuvuvukala ezingathinta ezinye izingxenye zeliso. Abanye abantu bangathuthukisa ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nokwehla kokubona, okuqondakala ngokuphelele futhi kuphatheka.

Uthinta lwemizwelo yoshintsho lokubona akufanele luqakathekile. Abantu abaningi baye baba nobuhlungu, ukukhungatheka, noma ukwesaba ngokuzimela kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo. Amaqembu wokusekela, ukwelulekwa, nezinsizakalo zokuvuselela ukubona zingakusiza ukuba uzilungiselele futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela izifo ze-retina?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izifo ze-retina, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihambisana nezakhiwo noma ukuguga, izimo eziningi zingavikelwa noma ukuqhubeka kwazo kuphumule ngokuphathwa kwezempilo okuqaphayo nokukhetha indlela yokuphila.

Ukuphatha izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo iyithuluzi lakho elikhulu kunawo wonke lokuvimbela. Uma une-diabetes, ukugcina amazinga akho eshukela egazini ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqondile kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ye-diabetic retinopathy. Ngokufanayo, ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi eliphezulu kuvikela izithombo zegazi ezincane emehlweni akho ekubhujisweni.

Nawa amasu okuvimbela avunyiwe ongawaqalisa:

• Hlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuhleliwe, okubanzi, ikakhulukazi uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 noma unezingozi ezithile.
• Lawula isifo sikashukela ngemithi, ukudla, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo.
• Lawula amazinga egeza legazi kanye ne-kolesterol.
• Yeka ukubhema noma ungaqali, njengoba ukubhema kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yesifo se-retina.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ukuze unciphise ingozi yesifo sikashukela kanye nokuphakama kwegazi.
• Gqoka izibuko ezivikela ilanga le-UV uma ungaphandle.
• Dla ukudla okunamagqabi aluhlaza, izinhlanzi, nemifino nemithi yemibala.
• Zivocavoca njalo ukuthuthukisa impilo enhle yomzimba.
• Vikele amehlo akho ekulimala ngesikhathi semidlalo noma emisebenzini.

Izithasiselo zokudla zingasiza ezimweni ezithile. Amanye ucwaningo ephakamisa ukuthi ama-omega-3 fatty acids, i-lutein, i-zeaxanthin, namavithamini C ne-E angase ahambe kancane ukuqhubeka kokubola kwe-macular kubantu abathile, kodwa kufanele uxoxe ngezithasiselo nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzisebenzisa.

Uma unemlando womndeni wesifo se-retina, ukwelulekwa ngokuzalwa kungakusiza ukuqonda izingozi zakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezicacile mayelana nezindlela zokuqapha nokuvimbela.

Izifo ze-retina zitholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola izifo ze-retina kuhilela ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuningi okuvumela udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi ahlole i-retina ngokuningiliziwe futhi ahlole ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile azinabhlungu futhi zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yamehlo akho.

Ukuhlolwa kwakho kuzovame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okubanzi, okuhlanganisa nomlando wezokwelapha oningiliziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kombono. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlupha mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, umlando womndeni wakho, nanoma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingase zithinte amehlo akho.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zihloko eziyisisekelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ahlanjululwe kusetshenziswa amaconsi akhethekile ukwandisa abafundi bakho ukuze kubonakale kangcono i-retina
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) edala izithombe ezinemininingwane yezigaba ze-retina
• I-Fluorescein angiography esebenzisa umbala oqhakazwe engalweni yakho ukuthwebula umsebenzi wezimbobo zegazi
• Ukuthwebula ifoto ye-fundus ukuqopha ukubonakala kwe-retina yakho
• Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sokubona ukuqopha ukubona kwakho okungaphandle
• I-Electroretinography (ERG) eilinganisa izimpendulo zamandla amaseli e-retina
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Amsler grid ukuthola ukuphambuka kokubona okuphakathi

Ezinye izivivinyo zidinga ukulungiselela, njengokuhlela ukuthutha ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlaziya ngoba ukubona kwakho kuzoba buthakathaka okwesikhashana futhi kuzwela ukukhanya. I-fluorescein angiography ingabangela ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba nomchamo okwesikhashana, okuvamile ngokuphelele.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi anikeze ezinye izivivinyo ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho ezithile noma isimo esolakala. Lezi zihloko eziphelele zisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo se-retina ongalinayo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthi liphelele kangakanani nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha eyoba yiphumelela kakhulu.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-retina?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-retina kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kunikeza ithemba nemiphumela emihle kubantu abaningi. Indlela yokwelapha ethile ixhomeke ohlotsheni nobunzima besimo sakho, kodwa ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle.

Izifo eziningi ze-retina manje zingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, nakuba injongo ivame ukuba ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka nokugcina ukubona okusele kunokubuyisela ukubona okulahlekile kakade. Lokhu kwenza ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukugonywa kwama-Anti-VEGF ngqo emehlweni ukuze kunciphise ukukhula kwezitho zegazi ezingalungile
• Ukwelashwa nge-Laser ukuvala izitho zegazi eziphuma igazi noma ukubhubhisa izicubu ezingalungile
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy ukususa igazi noma izicubu zezindwangu ezingaphakathi kweliso
• Ukulungiswa kokwahlukana kwe-Retina usebenzisa amabhabhu egesi, ioli yesilikon, noma ama-scleral buckles
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic okuhlanganisa imithi esebenzisa ukukhanya kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser
• Ukugonywa kwama-Corticosteroid noma ukufakwa ukuze kunciphise ukuvuvukala
• Izithasiselo zokudla ezinhlobonhlobo ze-macular degeneration

Ngokuphathelene ne-retinopathy yama-diabetic, ukulawula amazinga eshukela egazini kubalulekile kanye nokwelashwa okukhethekile kwamehlo. Udokotela wakho we-endocrinology nodokotela wamehlo bazosebenzisana ukuze benze ngcono ukunakekelwa kwakho konke. Ngokufanayo, ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi ne-cholesterol kusekela impilo ye-retina.

Eminye imithi emisha ihlanganisa i-gene therapy yezinye izifo ze-retina ezizuzwe, kanye nocwaningo lwama-stem cell, nakuba lokhu kusasezingeni lokuhlolwa. Izivivinyo zeklinikhi zingatholakala kubantu abanezimpawu ezithile abangaphendulanga ekwelapheni okuvamile.

Izivivinyo zokulandelela njalo kubalulekile kungakhathaliseki uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela impendulo yakho ekwelapheni futhi alungise indlela uma kudingeka ukuze ugcine imiphumela emihle kakhulu yombono.

Indlela yokuphatha izifo ze-retina ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ngezifo ze-retina, kunezinto eziningi ongenza zona ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yamehlo akho futhi uzilungiselele ukushintsha kombono. Lezi zindlela zingakusiza ugcine ukuzimela nokuphila okuhle.

Ukulawula izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo ekhaya kubalulekile ekuthambiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Uma une-diabetes, ukuqapha njalo kweswekile egazini, ukulandela imithi, kanye nokulawula ukudla kuchaphazela ngokuqondile impilo ye-retina yakho. Ngokufanayo, ukuthatha imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi njengoba kuqokiwe kusiza ekuvikeleni izitho zegazi ze-retina yakho.

Amasu sayo okuqondisa ikhaya afaka phakathi:

• Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okufanele uma ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi osondele
• Ukuthatha ikhefu njalo ngesikhathi somsebenzi odinga ukubona kahle
• Ukugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lenses abekwe njalo
• Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuqandisa noma izinto ezincane uma kudingeka
• Ukulungisa indawo yakho yokuhlala ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuwa
• Ukufaka izibani ze-motion-sensor zokuzulazula ebusuku
• Ukusebenzisa imibala ephakeme ukuze ubonise izinto ngokucacile
• Ukuqapha umbono wakho nsuku zonke nge-Amsler grid uma kunconywa

Ukusekelwa kokudla kungasiza izimo ezithile. Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi e-omega-3, imifino eluhlaza, kanye nemifino nemifino ecebile ngama-antioxidant kusekela impilo yamehlo jikelele. Abanye abantu bazuza ezinye izithasiselo zevithamini, kodwa xoxa nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza kakhulu ekuphatheni ukushintsha kombono. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone zingakhulisa umbhalo, abasizi bezwi bangasiza emisebenzini yansuku zonke, kanye nesoftware ekhethekile yekhompyutha ingakhulisa okuqukethwe kwesikrini. Eziningi zalezi zithuluzi zikhululekile noma zibiza kancane.

Unganqikazi ukufuna usizo. Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela umbono, amaqembu wokusekela, nokwelulekwa kungakusiza ukuba uzilungiselele izinguquko futhi ugcine ukuzimela kwakho nokuthula kwakho kwengqondo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kahle i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele kakhulu futhi yonke imibuzo yakho iphendulwe. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza nodokotela wakho ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuchane kanye nezincomo zokwelashwa.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi wonke ama-symptom owaphawulayo, ngisho noma ebonakala encane. Faka lapho aqale khona, uma eba sibi, futhi uma kukhona okuwenza ube betere noma ube sibi. Qaphela ukuthi yiliphi iso elithintekile noma uma zombili iziso zinezinkinga.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze uhlanganyele nodokotela wakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi oyisebenzisayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi oyithengayo ngaphandle kwelayisensi kanye nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo
• Umbukiso womndeni wamalaphu amehlo, isifo sikashukela, noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi
• Umbukiso wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, noma izimo zokuziphatha komzimba
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambili, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa
• Ukushintsha kwamuva empilweni yakho jikelele
• Ulwazi lokuthola imali kanye nokudluliselwa uma kudingeka

Lungisa uhlu lwemibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho. Cabanga ngokubuza ngokuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile, izinketho zokwelashwa, imiphumela elindelekile, imiphumela emibi engenzeka, nokuthi ungalandelela kanjani isimo sakho ekhaya. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - udokotela wakho ufuna ukuthi uqonde ngokugcwele isimo sakho.

Hlela ukuthutha uma abafundi bakho bezoqhakazeka, njengoba uzoba nokubona okungacace kangako nokukhanya okukhulu okungathandeki amahora ambalwa ngemva kwalokho. Letha izigqoko zokugqoka ngemva kokuhlolwa ukuze ukhululeke.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusize ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa okungenzeka.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngezifo ze-retina?

Isigijimi esibaluleke kakhulu ngezifo ze-retina ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kuvame ukulondoloza ukubona kwakho futhi kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Nakuba lezi zimo zingase zizwe zesabekisa, abantu abaningi baphatha ngempumelelo izifo ze-retina futhi bagcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila ngokunakekelwa okuqondile.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile yindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nesifo se-retina, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, noma umlando womndeni wezinkinga zamehlo. Izimo eziningi ze-retina zithuthuka kancane kancane ngaphandle kwemizimba ebonakalayo emazingeni okuqala, okwenza ukulandelela ochwepheshe kubalulekile.

Ukuphatha impilo yakho yonke kuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yamehlo akho. Ukulawula isifo sikashukela kanye nokucindezeleka kwegazi, ukushiya ukubhema, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokudla ukudla okunomsoco konke kuwusizo empilweni yamehlo akho ngenkathi kuthuthukisa impilo yakho jikelele.

Ungawagxeki ukushintsha kokubona, ngisho nalapho kuncane. Nakuba akusiwo wonke ukushintsha kokubona okubonisa inkinga enkulu, kuhlale kungcono ukuba ukushintsha kuhlolwe ngokushesha kunokulinda ukubona ukuthi kuya mbi.

Khumbula ukuthi izinketho zokwelapha ziyaqhubeka zithuthuka, futhi abacwaningi bathuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha njalo. Ngisho noma uthola isifo se-retina, kuvamise kunezinto eziningi ezingenziwa ukusiza ukulondoloza ukubona kwakho nokwenza ngokuvumelana nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha ongase uhlangabezane nakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezifo ze-retina

Ingabe izifo ze-retina zingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Eziningi zezifo ze-retina azikwazi ukwelashwa ngokuphelele, kodwa eziningi zingaphathwa kahle ukuze kunciphise intuthuko nokugcina ukubona. Inhloso yokwelapha ngokuvamile iwukugcina ukubona kwakho kwamanje nokuvimbela ukubola okuqhubekayo kunokubuyisela ukubona okuselahlekile.

Ezinye izimo, njengohlobo oluthile lokuhlukana kwe-retina, zingalungiswa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa uma zitholakala ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezifana nokubola kwe-macular kanye ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela yizifo ezingapheli ezidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kunokwelashwa okukodwa.

Ingabe izifo ze-retina zibuhlungu?

Eziningi zezifo ze-retina azilimazi ngoba i-retina ayinawo ama-receptor ezinhlungu. Ngokuvamile ngeke uzizwe ukhuluphala njengoba lezi zimo zithuthuka, yingakho ukushintsha kokubona kuvame ukuba yisibonakaliso sokuqala senkinga.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ze-retina, njengokuqhafaza emehlweni, kungabangela ukungakhululeki okwesikhashana. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ukuze anciphise noma yiluphi ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sezinqubo.

Ngizophulukana yini nokubona uma nginawo isifo se-retina?

Ukuba nesifo se-retina akusho ukuthi uzophulukana noku bona ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-retina bagcina ukubona okuhle impilo yonke ngokwelashwa okulungile nokuqondisa kahle.

Umphumela uqondene nezinto ezinjengohlobo oluthile lesifo, ukuthi lutholakele nini, indlela ophendula ngayo ekwelapheni, nokuthi unezinye izimo zezempilo yini. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kuwathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okugcina ukubona kwakho.

Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangakanani uma ngina-diabetes?

Uma una-diabetes, kufanele ube nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngisho noma ungenawo amaphutha oku bona. Uma kutholakala i-retinopathy ye-diabetic, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okuvamile, mhlawumbe izinyanga ezingu-3-6.

Abantu abana-diabetes engalawulwa kahle noma i-retinopathy ye-diabetic ephambili bangadinga ukuhlolwa izinyanga ezingu-2-4 ukuqapha isimo sabo eduze futhi balungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ingabe ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kungasiza ngempela ukuvimbela izifo ze-retina?

Yebo, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ze-retina noma kunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwazo uma usuvele unayo. Ukulawula i-diabetes kanye noxinzelelo lwegazi, ukushiya ukubhema, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokudla ukudla okunama-nutrients amaningi asekelayo impilo yamehlo konke kwenza umehluko omkhulu.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izifo ze-retina, ikakhulukazi lezo eziyimbangela yi-genetics noma ukuguga, ukukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlala unokubona okuhle impilo yonke.