Uyini i-Rhabdomyosarcoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Uyini i-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ezihlangwini ezithambile zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni. Yilona i-soft tissue cancer evamile kubantwana nabasakhulayo, nakuba ingase ithonye abantu abadala ngezinye izikhathi.

Lo mdlavuza uqala lapho amaseli aqala ukuba yimizimba yemisipha eqala ukukhula ngokungapheli. Cabanga ngamaseli akha imisipha omzimba wakho ethola imiyalezo ephazamisekile futhi iphindaphinda lapho kungafanele.

Nakuba igama elithi "sarcoma" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, lisho nje umdlavuza oqala ezihlangwini ezihlanganisa imisipha, amathambo, noma amanoni. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ihlose uhlobo lwemisipha oyisebenzisayo ukuhambisa izandla zakho, imilenze, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinketho zokwelapha ziye zaphucuka kakhulu phakathi neminyaka. Abantu abaningi abanelitha leli gciwane bayaqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, egcwele ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Izimpawu ongaziqaphela ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-tumor ivela kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Njengoba lo mdlavuza ungakha cishe kuphi, izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile ngokuvamile yi-lump noma ukukhula ongakwazi ukuzizwa phansi kwesikhumba. Le bump ingase izizwe iqinile futhi ingase ibe buhlungu noma ingabi buhlungu uma uyithinta.

Nazi izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ukhula kuphi:

• I-lump ebonakalayo noma ezwakale ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukukhula kwezandla, imilenze, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba
• Ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu endaweni ethintekile
• Ukukhubazeka ekuhambiseni ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile ngokujwayelekile
• Ukopha ekhathini noma ukungapheli komphimbo (uma kutholakala endaweni yekhanda)
• Izinkinga zamehlo njengokukhula noma ukushintsha kokubona
• Ukukhubazeka ekuhlaleni noma ukuphefumula (ngama-tumors aseduze nomphimbo)
• Izinkinga zokumisa noma izisu (ngama-tumors e-pelvic)
• Ukukhathala okungachazeki noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpawu eziningi zingabe nezimbangela ezinye, ezingathí sína. Noma kunjalo, noma iyiphi i-lump ekhula noma ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa kufanele ikhulunywe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-rhabdomyosarcoma ngezinhlobo eziningi kuye ngokuthi amaseli omdlavuza abonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwakho oluthile kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ongazwa ngazo yi-embryonal ne-alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Ngamunye ukhula ezinhlwini ezahlukene zobudala nendawo yomzimba.

I-Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma yilona uhlobo oluvamile, olukhula cishe ngamaphesenti angu-60 azo zonke izimo. Ngokuvamile ithonya abantwana abancinyane futhi ivame ukuvela ekhanda, entanyeni, noma endaweni ye-pelvic. Lo mkhuba ngokuvamile uyaphendula kahle ekwelapheni.

I-Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ivame ukwenzeka kakhulu kubasakhulayo nabantu abadala abasebancane. Ngokuvamile ivela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, noma endaweni yomzimba futhi ingase ibe namandla kune-embryonal type.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile, kufaka phakathi i-pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, ethinta ikakhulu abantu abadala, ne-spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, enezici ezihlukile ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Yini ebangela i-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Impendulo eqotho iwukuthi odokotela abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-rhabdomyosarcoma ezimweni eziningi. Njengomdlavuza eminingi, cishe ivela ekubeni kwizinto eziningi ebangela amaseli ajwayelekile ukuba yomdlavuza.

Okwaziyo ukuthi lo mdlavuza uqala lapho kwenzeka ukushintsha kwe-genetic emaselini okumele abe yimizimba yemisipha. Lezi zinguquko zibangela amaseli ukukhula nokwahlukanisa ngokungapheli esikhundleni sokulandela iphethini yabo yokuthuthuka evamile.

Abanye abantu bazalwa benesimo se-genetic esandisa ingozi yabo, nakuba lokhu kuchaza kuphela ingxenye encane yezimo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintsha kwe-genetic okubangela lo mdlavuza kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuphila komuntu.

Izinto ezingaphandle njengokubekwa kwemisebe ziye zahlanganiswa nezinye izimo, kodwa futhi, lokhu limelela ingxenye encane kakhulu yazo zonke izimo ze-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ngabasebenzi abaningi, ayikho into abayenzile noma abangayenzanga ebangela lo mdlavuza ukuba ukhule.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma iyiphi i-lump noma ukukhula okungapheli phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathree. Nakuba izinto eziningi zivela zingalutho, kuhlale kungcono ukuthi zihlolwe ngokushesha kunokuba kube sekwephuzile.

Hlela i-appointment ngokushesha uma uqaphela i-lump ekhula, izizwa iqinile noma ihlala endaweni, noma ibangela ubuhlungu. Lezi zici azisho ukuthi umdlavuza, kodwa ziyaqondisa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ezifanele ukubiza udokotela wakho zihlanganisa izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokopha ekhathini okungachazeki, ukushintsha kokubona, ukukhubazeka ekuhlaleni, noma izinkinga zokumisa noma izisu ezithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukukhula okusheshayo, noma noma iyiphi impikiswano ephazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ungalindi. Themba izinzwa zakho - uyazi umzimba wakho kangcono, nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqhubekayo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwelapha.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi ze-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingozi kungasiza ekuqondeni leli gciwane, nakuba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umdlavuza. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingozi abazutholi i-rhabdomyosarcoma, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezingozi ezaziwayo bayayithola.

Ubudala yilona izingozi elikhulu kakhulu okufanele ulikwazi. Lo mdlavuza uvamile kakhulu kubantwana, ngamakhulu angu-50 azo zonke izimo ezitholakala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10. Kukhona futhi izinga eliphansi kubasakhulayo nabantu abadala abasebancane.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezingozi abaguli abazitholile:

• Ubudala (oluvamile kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 nabasakhulayo)
• Isimo se-genetic ethile njenge-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• I-Neurofibromatosis type 1
• Ukuphathwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation therapy
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza othile
• Ukushintshwa kwe-genetic okuzuzwe

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantwana abaningi nabasakhulayo abathuthukisa i-rhabdomyosarcoma abanawo ama-risk factors aziwayo. Lo mdlavuza ubonakala ukhula ngokungahleliwe, okungase kuzwakale kuyadumaza kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile ayikho into engayenziwe ukuyivimbela.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Nakuba kuyinto yemvelo ukukhathazeka ngezinkinga, kuwusizo ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase ienzeke ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa noma iyiphi inkinga evela. Izinkinga eziningi zilawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Izinkinga ongazihlangabezana nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza wakho ukhona kuphi nokuthi uyaphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Ezinye iziphumo zihlangana ngqo ne-tumor, kanti ezinye zingase ziphumelele ekwelapheni.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi:

• Ukubhebhetheka kwendawo eya ezihlangwini nasezitho eziseduze
• I-Metastasis (ukubhebhetheka ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba)
• Izinkinga zokusebenza endaweni ethintekile
• Imiphumela ebiyelayo ye-chemotherapy noma i-radiation
• Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni (kubantwana)
• Umdlavuza wesibili (owavamile, kodwa kungenzeka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva)
• Izinkinga zokuzala ezivela ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo noma amaphaphu ezivela emithi ethile

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla zihlose ukunciphisa lezi zinkinga ngenkathi zwelapha umdlavuza ngempumelelo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunakekela eduze futhi lilungise ukwelapha njengoba kudingeka ukuze kunciphisa ingozi.

I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kuthatha izinyathelo eziningi, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngezivivinyo ezilula ngaphambi kokuya kwezinye ezikhethekile. Inqubo yenzelwe ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo sakho esithile.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola ngokomzimba, azizwe izinto eziningi futhi abuze ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Lo mhlahlandlela wokuqala uqondisa ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingase zidingeke ngokulandelayo.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izivivinyo ze-imaging njenge-CT scans, i-MRI scans, noma i-ultrasounds ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sobukhulu nendawo ye-tumor. Lezi zivivinyo azina buhlungu futhi zisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

I-biopsy cishe ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, isampula encane yethishu isuswa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo ochwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi yi-pathologist.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise umsebenzi wegazi, izivivinyo ze-bone marrow, noma izivivinyo ze-imaging ezikhethekile ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umdlavuza uthuthukile yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lolu lwazi lusisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele kakhulu ngesimo sakho esithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Ukuphathwa kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa indlela ehlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizoqala izindlela eziningi ezahlukene ndawonye. Le nqubo ebanzi iye yabonakala iphumelela kakhulu ekufezeni imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Izinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha zihlanganisa i-chemotherapy njengesisekelo. Le miyekezo ihamba kulo lonke umzimba wakho ukuze ihlose amaseli omdlavuza noma ngabe aphi, ngisho noma encane kakhulu ukuba ibonakale nge-scans.

Ukuhlinzwa kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho i-tumor ingasuswa ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokwelapha, kanti ngezinye izikhathi kuhlelwa ngemva kokuba i-chemotherapy iye yancipha i-tumor.

I-Radiation therapy ingase icelwe ukuhlose noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asaleyo endaweni ethile lapho i-tumor yakho yayikhona. Lokhu ukwelapha kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu ezinempilo.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzokwenziwa ngokwezimo zakho, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-rhabdomyosarcoma onayo, lapho ikhona, ubukhulu bayo, nokuthi iye yasakazeka yini. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuchaza yonke inyathelo futhi likusize ukuqonda ukuthi yini okulindeleke.

Ungayilawula kanjani izimpawu phakathi nokuphathwa kwe-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu nemiphumela ebiyelayo phakathi kokwelapha kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho konke. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna uzizwe ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka kulo lonke le nqubo, ngakho ungangabazi ukukhuluma nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ngokuvamile kuyinto ebalulekile, futhi kunezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho angase acele imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, imithi yokwelapha, noma ezinye izindlela zokunethezeka kuye ngezidingo zakho.

Ukukhathala kuvamile phakathi kokwelapha, ngakho kubalulekile ukulalela umzimba wakho futhi uphumule uma udinga. Imisebenzi emnene njengokuhamba okufushane empeleni ingasiza ekuqinisiseni amazinga akho amandla uma uzizwa ukhululekile.

Ukudla kahle kungase kube nzima phakathi kokwelapha, kodwa ukudla okuhle kusekela inqubo yokwelapha yomzimba wakho. Sebenza nochwepheshe wokudla uma uhlangabezana nobunzima ekuqondeni isisindo sakho noma ekuqondeni ukudla.

Hlala uxhumene nabangane nomndeni wakho ngokusekelwa ngokomzwelo. Abantu abaningi bayithola ikusizo ukukhuluma nomxhumanisi noma ujoyine iqembu lokusekela ukuze baxhumane nabanye abaya ngezipili ezifanayo.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Ukuba nemibuzo yakho nolwazi oluhleliwe kusengaphambili kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa izindaba ezibalulekile.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Faka imininingwane mayelana namazinga obuhlungu, indlela izimpawu ezithinta ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, nanoma yini ezenzayo ukwenza kube ngcono noma kube sibi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokwelapha, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Faka nazo noma yiziphi izinto ozithandayo noma izimpendulo zangaphambili emithi.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nemibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lezokwelapha liyakuqonda lokhu futhi lifuna ukulungisa konke ukukhathazeka kwakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngane noma ilungu lomndeni othembekile nawe. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluxoxiwe phakathi kwe-appointment futhi banikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde mayelana ne-rhabdomyosarcoma iwukuthi nakuba kuyisimo esinzima, imiphumela yokwelapha iye yaphucuka kakhulu phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka adlule. Abantu abaningi abanelitha leli gciwane bayaqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, egcwele.

Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu kwimiphumela. Uma uqaphela noma iyiphi i-lumps ehlala njalo, ukukhula, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Khumbula ukuthi isipiliyoni somuntu ngamunye se-rhabdomyosarcoma sihlukile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala nawe ukuhlela uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele kakhulu esimweni sakho, uthathe izingxenye impilo yakho yonke, izici zomdlavuza wakho, nezintandokazi zakho siqu.

Ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile sokweseka kwenza umehluko wangempela phakathi kokwelapha. Ungangabazi ukuthembela emindenini, abangane, abahlinzeki bezempilo, namaqembu okusekela kulo lonke uhambo lwakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Rhabdomyosarcoma

Q1. Ingabe i-rhabdomyosarcoma ihlala ibulawa?

Cha, i-rhabdomyosarcoma ayihlali ibulawa. Amanani okusinda ayesondele kakhulu ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla. Umbono uyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-rhabdomyosarcoma, lapho ikhona, ukuthi isakazeke kangakanani, nokuthi uyaphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulu abantwana, bangaphiliswa ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Q2. Ingabe i-rhabdomyosarcoma ingabuya ngemva kokwelashwa?

Yebo, i-rhabdomyosarcoma ingabuya ngemva kokwelapha, kungakho i-appointments zokulandelela njalo ziyabalulekile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abaqeda ukwelapha abazange bahlangabezane nokuphindaphinda. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunakekela eduze ngokuhlola okujwayelekile ne-scans ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ukuphindaphinda okungenzeka ngokushesha lapho kulula khona ukwelapha.

Q3. Ukuphathwa kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelapha sihlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho esithile, kodwa izinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha zihlala phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kuminyaka. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinyanga eziningi ze-chemotherapy, mhlawumbe kuhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa ne-radiation therapy. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunika isikhathi esithile esithile kuye ngohlelo lwakho lokwelapha lomuntu siqu.

Q4. Ingabe abantu abadala bangathola i-rhabdomyosarcoma, noma ithinta abantwana kuphela?

Nakuba i-rhabdomyosarcoma ivame kakhulu kubantwana nabasakhulayo, abantu abadala bangathola lo mdlavuza. Izimo zabantu abadala azivamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi zihamba ngokuhlukile kunazo zezingane. Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zihluke kancane kubantu abadala uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane.

Q5. Ingabe kunezinto ezithinta isikhathi eside ezivela ekwelapheni kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma?

Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nemiphumela yesikhathi eside evela ekwelapheni, nakuba abaningi bephila ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu eziqhubekayo. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside engase ibe khona ihlanganisa izinkinga zokuzala, izinkinga zenhliziyo ezivela emithi ethile ye-chemotherapy, noma umdlavuza wesibili eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lixoxa ngengozi engase ibe khona nawe futhi liqaphele lezi zinkinga phakathi kokunakekelwa okulandelayo.