Rhabdomyosarcoma

IRhabdomyosarcoma uhlobo lwe-kansa oluqhelile oluqala njengokukhula kwamaseli emathinini abuthakathaka. Amathini abuthakathaka asekele futhi ahlanganise izitho nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. IRhabdomyosarcoma iqala kakhulu emathinini emisipha.

Nakuba i-rhabdomyosarcoma ingaqala kuphi na emzimbeni, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iqale ku:

• Indawo yekhanda nekhala.
• Isistimu yokuphuma kwamalengwe, njengesibeletho.
• Isistimu yokuzala, njenge-vajina, isisu kanye nama-testes.
• Izingalo nezinyawo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngomgqomo. Ukwelashwa kuncike ukuthi i-kansa iqala kuphi, ibe mkhulu kangakanani futhi uma isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ucwaningo mayelana nokuxilongwa nokuphathwa luthuthukise kakhulu ithemba labantu abaxilongwe nge-rhabdomyosarcoma. Abantu abaningi kakhulu baphila iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-rhabdomyosarcoma kuncike ukuthi umdlavuza uqala kuphi. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza usekhanda noma entanyeni, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukukhathazeka kwekhanda.
• Ukopha ekhaleni, ehlombe noma ezindlebeni.
• Ukukhipha izinyembezi, ukukhula noma ukukhula kwamehlo. Uma umdlavuza usesiswini noma esiswini sokuzala, izimpawu zingafaka:
• Ukuqina noma ukopha esibelethweni noma esibilinini.
• Ubunzima bokuthamba negazi emchameni.
• Ubunzima bokuya esikhathini. Uma umdlavuza usezingalweni noma ezinyaweni, izimpawu zingafaka:
• Mhlawumbe ubuhlungu endaweni eathintekayo, uma umdlavuza ucindezela izitho noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Ukukhula noma ibhala engalweni noma enyaweni. Bhalisela mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukubhalisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzoba futhi

Akuqondakali ukuthi yini ebangela i-rhabdomyosarcoma. Iyaqala lapho iseli yethishu ebile ihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA yayo. I-DNA yeseli igcina imiyalo eyalela iseli ukuthi yenze ntoni.

Ezimpilweni eziphilile, i-DNA inikeza imiyalo yokukhula nokukhulisa ngesivinini esibekiwe. Imiyalo iyalela amaseli ukuthi afe ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Kumaseli e-kansa, ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA kunikeza imiyalo ehlukile. Ukuguqulwa kutshela amaseli e-kansa ukwenza amaseli amaningi ngokushesha. Amaseli e-kansa angaqhubeka ephila lapho amaseli aphilile efa. Lokhu kubangela amaseli amaningi kakhulu.

Amaseli e-kansa angakha iqhwa okuthiwa yi-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula ukuze ihlase ize yonakalise ithishu yomzimba ephile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaseli e-kansa angaqhekeka asakazeke kwenye ingxenye yomzimba. Uma i-kansa isakazeka, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-kansa ye-metastatic.

Izici ezingase zikhulise ingozi ye-rhabdomyosarcoma zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obuphansi. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma iqala kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10.
• I-syndromes eziyizefa. Ngokungavamile, i-rhabdomyosarcoma iye yaxhunyaniswa ne-syndromes ze-genetic ezidluliselwa kubantwana abavela kubazali. Lezi zihlanganisa i-neurofibromatosis 1, i-Noonan syndrome, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, i-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ne-Costello syndrome.

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-rhabdomyosarcoma.

Izinkinga ze-rhabdomyosarcoma kanye nokuphathwa kwayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukusilela komdlavuza. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ingasakazeka kusuka lapho iqale khona iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma umdlavuza usakazeke, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okukhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukululama kube nzima. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ivame ukusakazeka emaphaphwini, ama-lymph nodes, nasemathamini.
• Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma kanye nokuphathwa kwayo kungabangela imiphumela emibi eminingi, kokubili yesikhathi esifushane neside. Ithimba lakho lokuphatha impilo lingakusiza ukuthi uphathe imiphumela emibi eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Futhi iqembu lingakunika uhlu lwemiphumela emibi okufanele uyilindele eminyakeni ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma kuqala ngokuvamile ngokuhlolwa komzimba. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, iqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingase liqondise ezinye izivivinyo. Lezi zingafaka izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe kanye nenqubo yokususa isampula yamangqamuzana ukuze kuhlolwe.

Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe zenza izithombe zangaphakathi komzimba. Zingasiza ekuboniseni indawo nobukhulu be-rhabdomyosarcoma. Izivivinyo zingafaka:

• I-X-rays.
• I-CT scans.
• I-MRI scans.
• I-Positron emission tomography scans, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PET scans.
• I-Bone scans.

I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. I-biopsy ye-rhabdomyosarcoma kufanele yenziwe ngendlela engayikubangela izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuhle ukufuna ukunakekelwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha esibona abantu abaningi abanesihlobo saleli hlobo lomdlavuza. Amaqembu okunakekelwa kwezempilo anekhono azo khetha uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-biopsy.

Izinhlobo zezinqubo ze-biopsy ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-rhabdomyosarcoma zifaka:

• I-Needle biopsy. Le ndlela isebenzisa unhlanzi ukususa amasampula ethishu evela emdlavuzini.
• I-Surgical biopsy. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusebenza kungenzeka kudingeke ukususa isampula enkulu yethishu.

Isampula ye-biopsy iya elabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe. Odokotela abafunda igazi namathishu omzimba, abizwa ngokuthi yi-pathologists, bazohlola amangqamuzana ukubona umdlavuza. Ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile zinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa.