Ubhubhane (Ekhanda)

I-ringworm yesikhumba (tinea capitis) iwukukhishwa okubangelwa ukutheleleka komngwenya. Ngokuvamile kubangela amabala okhubeka, anezikali, angenazo izikhumba ezinweleni. I-ringworm ithola igama layo ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okuyisangqa. Akukho siphephethu esithintekayo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesikhumba esiqwini zingafaka:

• Isifunda esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esiqalile, esiqinile noma esinomkhuhlane lapho izinwele ziqhekekile khona noma eduze kwekhanda
• Izindawo ezikhula kancane kancane futhi zinezinotshe ezincane, ezimnyama lapho izinwele ziqhekekile khona
• Izinwele ezinobuthi noma ezibuthakathaka ezingaqhekeka noma ukukhishwa kalula
• Izindawo ezibuhlungu noma ezibuhlungu ekhanda

Izimo eziningi ezihlasela ikhanda zingase zibe nobukhulu obufanayo. Bheka udokotela womntanakho uma umntanakho enenkinga yokulahleka kwenwele, ukukhipha isikhumba noma ukukhahlela ekhanda, noma ukubonakala okungavamile kwezinye izingxenye zekhanda. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kanye nokuphathwa ngokushesha ngemithi yokwelapha. Amafutha, ama-lotion nama-powder angelona iresiphi ngeke asuse isikhumba esingaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ukungcola kweqanda ekhanda kubangelwa yisigciwane esivamile. Isigciwane sihlasele ingxenye yangaphandle yesikhumba ekhanda kanye nezinwele. Lokhu kubangela ukuba lezo zinwele ziqhekeke. Isimo singasabalala ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Umuntu kuye komunye umuntu. Ukungcola kweqanda kuvame ukusabalala ngokuthinta ngqo kwesikhumba komunye umuntu olaphekile.
• Isilwane kuye komunye umuntu. Ungathola ukungcola kweqanda ngokuthinta isilwane esinokungcola kweqanda. Ukungcola kweqanda kungasabalala ngenkathi udlala noma uhlanza izinja noma ikati ezineqanda. Ukungcola kweqanda kuvamile kakhulu ezinganeni, ezinjaneni, ezinkomeni, ezimbuzini, ezingulwini nasemahhansi.
• Into kuye komunye umuntu. Kungenzeka ukuba ukungcola kweqanda kusabalale ngokuthinta izinto noma izindawo umuntu olaphekile noma isilwane esithinte kudala. Lokhu kufaka izinto ezinjengengubo, izitawula, imibhede, izihlangu neziqhwaga.

Izimbangela ezingozi ze-ringworm yesikhumba ikhanda zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala. I-ringworm yesikhumba ikhanda ivame kakhulu kubantwana abancane nabaneminyaka yemfundo.
• Ukuthintana nabanye abantwana. Ukubhebhetheka kwe-ringworm kuvamile ezikoleni nasezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana lapho ukutheleleka kukhula kalula ngokuthintana eduze.
• Ukuthintana nezilwane ezifuywayo. Isilwane esifuywayo, njengokati noma inja, singaba nokuthinteka ngaphandle kokubonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu. Abantwana bangathola ukutheleleka ngokuthinta isilwane.

Abanye abantu abane-ringworm yesikhumba sezingqimba bangase bathuthukise ukuvuvukala okukhulu okuthiwa yi-kerion. I-Kerion ibonakala njengokuqina okuthambile, okuphindwe kabili okuqeda i-pus futhi kubangele ukubopha okukhulu, okumhlophe oluhlaza okwesundu ekhanda.

Ukungena komkhuhlane ekhanda kunzima ukuvimbela. Isilonda esibangela lokhu siqheleke kakhulu, futhi isimo siyayelelisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele. Thatha lezi zinyathelo ukunciphisa ingozi yokungena komkhuhlane:

• Zifundise wena nabanye. Qaphela ingozi yokungena komkhuhlane kubantu abanegciwane noma ezilwaneni. Tshela abantwana ngokungena komkhuhlane, okumele bakuqaphele nokuthi bangayigwema kanjani le nto.
• Geza njalo. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza ikhanda lomntanakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusika izinwele. Amanye imikhiqizo yokulungisa ikhanda, njengoba ioli yekhokho ne-pomades ene-selenium, angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukungena komkhuhlane ekhanda.
• Gcina isikhumba sihlanzekile futhi siwomile. Qiniseka ukuthi abantwana bayageza izandla zabo, kufaka phakathi ngemva kokudlala nezilwane. Gcina izindawo ezihlanganyelwe zihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana, emajimini nasezindlini zokugqoka.
• Gwema izilwane ezinegciwane. Ukuqubuka kuvame ukubukeka njengendawo yesikhumba lapho uboshwe khona. Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo noma ezinye izilwane ezivame ukuthwala ukungena komkhuhlane, cela udokotela wakho wezilwane ukuba azihlole ukuze abone ukuthi zinegciwane yini.
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu. Fundisa abantwana ukuthi bangavumeli abanye ukuba basebenzise izingubo zabo, izitawula, izibulali zezinwele, imishini yezemidlalo noma ezinye izinto zomuntu siqu.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwazi ukuxilonga isikhumba esiqwini ngokubuka isikhumba esithintekile nokuthanda imibuzo ethile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho angathatha isampula yethinyo noma yesikhumba ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ukuhlola isampula yethinyo noma yesikhumba kungabonisa ukuthi ingculazi ikhona yini.

Ukwelapha isihlungu sezinwele kudinga imithi yokulwa ne-fungus evela kumdokotela, edliwayo ngomlomo. Imithi yokuqala okuvamile ukuyisebenzisa yi-griseofulvin (Gris-Peg). Kungenzeka kusetshenziswe ezinye izindlela uma i-griseofulvin ingasebenzi noma ingane yakho inayo i-allergy kuyo. Lezi zihlanganisa i-terbinafine, i-itraconazole (Spoanox, Tolsura) ne-fluconazole (Diflucan). Ingane yakho ingase idinge ukusebenzisa enye yale mithi amasonto ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu – kwaze kwaphinda kwakhula izinwele. Ngokuvamile, uma ukwelapha kuphumelela, izindawo ezingenazo izinwele ziyophinde zikhule izinwele futhi isikhumba siphulukiswe ngaphandle kokushiyeka amabala.

Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba ugeze izinwele zengane yakho nge-shampoo enomuthi ovela kumdokotela. I-shampoo isusa ama-spores e-fungus futhi isize ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwabanye noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Akukaqondi ukukrazula izinwele noma ukuzikhombisa njengengxenye yokwelapha.