Uyini iRotavirus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Rotavirus iwumkhuhlane othambekela kakhulu obangela ukukhipha okukhulu namanzi, ikakhulu kubantwana abasebancane. Yiyona imbangela evamile kakhulu yokugula kwesisu kubantwana emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ivinjelwa ngokuqanda futhi ngokuvamile iphela yodwa ngokunakekelwa okuqondile.

Cabanga nge-rotavirus njengokugula kwesisu okusabalala kalula kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Nakuba kungenza umntanakho angakhululeki izinsuku ezimbalwa, abantwana abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ende uma bethola ukunakekelwa okuqondile okuhambisanayo.

Uyini i-rotavirus?

I-Rotavirus iwumkhuhlane onamavili oqhubeka nokubamba ukugqoka komthambo omncane womntanakho. Lo mkhuhlane uthola igama lawo emazwini esiLatini athi "rota," okusho ivili, ngenxa yokubonakala kwawo okuyisangqa okukhethekile ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Lo mkhuhlane uqinile kakhulu futhi ungaphila ezintweni izinsuku noma amasonto. Usabalala ngalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "indlela yokudla-ukukhipha," okusho ukuthi izingcezu ezincane ezivela emathunjini omuntu ogulayo ngandlela thile zifika emlonyeni womunye umuntu.

Ngaphambi kokuba iqanda le-rotavirus libe khona kabanzi ngo-2006, cishe wonke umntwana e-United States wayezogula nge-rotavirus okungenani kanye ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka emihlanu. Namuhla, ukuqanda kunciphise kakhulu la manani, okwenza ukugula okukhulu kwe-rotavirus kube lula kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-rotavirus?

Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala ngokuzumayo futhi zingenza umntanakho azizwe ebuhlungu kakhulu. Abantwana abaningi bathola izimpawu phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokuba bedalulwe kumkhuhlane.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Ukukhipha amanzi okukhulu okungaphela izinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-8
• Ukugabha okuvamile, ikakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala
• Ukuvuvukala, ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-102°F (39°C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ubuhlungu besisu nokugabha
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ukucasuka nokuthukuthela
• Izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi njengomlomo owomile, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, noma ukunciphisa ukuthamba

Ukugabha ngokuvamile kuyeka ngemuva kosuku lokuqala noma amabili, kodwa ukukhipha kungqhubeka izinsuku eziningi. Abanye abantwana bangase babe nezimpawu ezilula zokuphefumula njengempumulo ephumayo noma ukukhokha, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantwana bangase bathole izimpawu ezinkulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukuvuvukala okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-104°F (40°C), igazi emathunjini, noma izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi okukhulu njengokulala okukhulu noma amehlo ahlulekile.

Yini ebangela i-rotavirus?

I-Rotavirus isabalala ngokuthinta amathunzi agulayo, ngisho nasezingeni elincane ongenakukubona. Lo mkhuhlane uthambekele kakhulu ngoba kudinga inani elincane kuphela ukubangela ukugula.

Izindlela ezivamile umntanakho angathola ngazo i-rotavirus zifaka:

• Ukuthinta izinto ezingcolile njengezinto zokudlala, izinkinobho zezingadi, noma amatafula okuhlanza
• Ukungagezi izandla kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela noma ukuhlanza i-diapers
• Ukudla ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi agulayo
• Ukuba eduze nomuntu ogulayo
• Ukubekela izinto ezingcolile noma izandla emlonyeni wabo

Abantwana banamandla kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokugula lapho izimpawu zikhulu khona. Kodwa-ke, bangasabalalisa umkhuhlane kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele.

Lo mkhuhlane uqinile kakhulu futhi ungaphila ezandleni amahora amaningana nasezintweni ezinzima izinsuku. Isibhakabhaka esivamile namanzi angabulala lo mkhuhlane, kodwa izibulali zezandla ezisekelwe e-alchoholi azisebenzi kahle ngokumelene ne-rotavirus uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinambuzane.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-rotavirus?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela womntanakho uma ethola izimpawu ze-rotavirus, ikakhulu uma eneminyaka engaphansi kwemi-2. Nakuba izimo eziningi zingaphathwa ekhaya, isiqondiso sezokwelapha sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntanakho uhlala ephuza amanzi ngokwanele.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma umntanakho ebonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zezexwayiso:

• Izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi okukhulu njengokungabi na-diapers amanzi amahora angu-6, umlomo owomile, noma amehlo ahlulekile
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo okwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinto eziphuzwayo
• Ukuvuvukala okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-104°F (40°C)
• Igazi ekugabheni noma emathunjini
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu
• Ukulala okungavamile noma ukucasuka
• Izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi okukhulu njengokukhungatheka uma umi

Kubantwana abasebancane abangaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6, kubalulekile kakhulu ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba bangase bahluleke amanzi ngokushesha kunabantwana abadala. Unganqikazi ukubiza udokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngesimo somntanakho.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-rotavirus?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba omntanakho okuthola i-rotavirus noma okuthola izimpawu ezinkulu. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izici ezinkulu zengozi zifaka:

• Ubudala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kanye neminyaka emi-2 (ikhathi lokugula eliphakeme)
• Ukungabi naqanda le-rotavirus
• Ukuba endaweni yokunakekelwa kwabantwana noma ukuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenayo imfucuza
• Ukuba nokuvikelwa komzimba okubuhlungu
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ukuba nezimo zezempilo ezingapheli

Abantwana abangaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 banokuvikelwa okuthile e-antibodies ezivela kumama wabo, kodwa lokuvikelwa kuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantwana abaphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kanye neminyaka emi-2 baphakathi nengozi enkulu ngoba amasosha abo omzimba asathuthuka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantwana abane-immunodeficiency ehlanganisiwe noma ezinye izifo ezinkulu zesimiso somzimba bangase bathole ukutheleleka kwe-rotavirus okungapheli okuphela izinyanga. Laba bantwana badinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile nokulandelela.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-rotavirus?

Abantwana abaningi bayaphila nge-rotavirus ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlala njalo, kodwa izinhlanganisela zingase zenzeke, ikakhulu kubantwana abasebancane kakhulu. Inhlanganisela ebuhlungu kakhulu ukungabi namanzi okukhulu, okungase kwenzeke ngokushesha kubantwana abasebancane.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile okufanele uzilindele zifaka:

• Ukungahlali namanzi kusuka kokulula kuya kokukhulu
• Ukungahlangani kahle kwama-electrolyte okuthinta amazinga e-sodium ne-potassium
• Ukungabekezeleli okwesikhashana kwe-lactose okuphela amasonto ambalwa
• Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya
• Ukukhipha okungapheli okuphela izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-mbili

Ukungahlali namanzi okukhulu kungase kube yimbangela yokungeniswa esibhedlela, lapho umntanakho angase adinge amanzi e-intravenous ukuze abuyisele ukungabi namanzi okuqondile nokuhlangana kwama-electrolyte. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-2.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-rotavirus ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukubamba okuhlobene nokuvuvukala noma ukungahlangani kahle kwama-electrolyte, izinkinga zezinso, noma ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma inhliziyo. Abantwana abanesimiso somzimba esibuhlungu babhekene nengozi enkulu yalezi zinhlanganisela ezinkulu.

I-rotavirus ingavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-rotavirus iwukuqanda, okuphumelela kakhulu futhi kuphephile. Iqanda le-rotavirus linciphise kakhulu ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-rotavirus kusukela lapho liqalwa.

Nazi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela:

• Ukuthola umntanakho eqandwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso esinconywayo
• Ukugeza izandla njalo ngesepha namanzi afudumele okungenani imizuzwana engu-20
• Ukuhlanza izinto njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokugula
• Ukugwema ukuba eduze nabantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka
• Ukufundisa abantwana izindlela ezifanele zokuhlanza izandla
• Ukugcina abantwana abagulayo ekhaya kusuka endaweni yokunakekelwa kwabantwana noma esikoleni

Iqanda le-rotavirus linikezwa emlonyeni njengezintuli, ngokuvamile ezinyangeni eziyi-2 kanye ne-4, ngezinye izinhlobo ezidinga umthamo wesithathu ezinyangeni eziyi-6. Iqanda liphumelela kakhulu, livikela cishe u-85-98% yezimo ezinkulu ze-rotavirus.

Izindlela ezinhle zokuhlanzeka nazo ziyisisekelo, nakuba zingaphelele ngokumelene ne-rotavirus ngoba lo mkhuhlane uthambekele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganisa ukuqanda nokuhlanzeka okuqondile kunika umntanakho isivikelo esihle kakhulu.

I-rotavirus ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukuhlonza i-rotavirus ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zomntanakho nesikhathi sonyaka, njengoba ukutheleleka kwe-rotavirus kuvame kakhulu ezinyangeni ezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuqondile kungase kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa.

Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise lezi zindlela ukuhlonza i-rotavirus:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba okuqondene nezibonakaliso zokulahleka kwamanzi
• Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yomthunzi usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-antigen
• Umbhalo wezokwelapha ofaka phakathi isimo sokuqanda nokudalulwa kwamuva
• Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu nangesikhathi sazo
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukungabi namanzi noma ukungahlangani kahle kwama-electrolyte

Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo komthunzi kungatholakala i-rotavirus antigens futhi kunikeze imiphumela ngaphakathi kwemizuzu noma amahora. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abadingi ukugcizelela umkhuhlane othile obangela ukugula, ikakhulu uma izimpawu zomntanakho zivamile futhi ziphathwa kahle ekhaya.

Ezimweni ezithile, ikakhulu uma umntanakho edinga ukungeniswa esibhedlela, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kwenziwe ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela zokukhipha okukhulu noma ukuhlola izinga lokungabi namanzi nokungabi kahle kwama-electrolyte.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-rotavirus?

Awekho amaphilisi athile okumelwe asetshenziswe nge-rotavirus, ngakho ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela ukungabi namanzi. Umgomo ukugcina umntanakho ekhululekile ngenkathi amasosha akhe omzimba elwa nomkhuhlane.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa kokungabi namanzi ngomlomo usebenzisa izixazululo ezikhethekile zama-electrolyte
• Ukuqhubeka nokubhebhetheka noma ukuncelisa njengoba kutholiwe
• Ukubuyisela ukudla okuvamile kancane kancane
• Ukuphumula nezindlela zokuthuthukisa
• Ukulandela izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi okubi kakhulu
• Ukungena esibhedlela ngamanzi e-IV uma kwenzeka ukungabi namanzi okukhulu

Izixazululo zokungabi namanzi ngomlomo njengePedialyte zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukubuyisela amanzi nama-electrolyte alahleka. Lezi zisebenza kangcono kunamanzi, ujusi, noma iziphuzo zezemidlalo, ezingenza ukukhipha kube sibi kakhulu.

Ama-antibiotic awongezi lutho ngoba i-rotavirus iwumkhuhlane, hhayi ibhaktheriya. Imithi yokulwa nokukhipha ngokuvamile ayinconywa kubantwana ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ingenza ukutheleleka kuqhubeke isikhathi eside noma ibe yimbangela yezinye izinhlanganisela.

Indlela yokunikeza ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-rotavirus?

Abantwana abaningi abane-rotavirus bangakwazi ukunakekelwa ekhaya ngokuqaphela ukungabi namanzi nokuthuthukisa. Umsebenzi wakho oyinhloko ukubuyisela amanzi nama-electrolyte umntanakho alahlekelwa ngawo ngokukhipha nokugabha.

Nansi indlela ongamsiza ngayo umntanakho ukuba aphulukane ekhaya:

• Nikeza izicucu ezincane, ezivamile zesixazululo sokungahlali namanzi ngomlomo
• Qhubeka nokubhebhetheka noma ukuncelisa njengoba umntanakho ekhuthazelela
• Qala ngokudla okumnandi njengebhenana, irayisi, i-applesauce, ne-toast
• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi okwesikhashana njengoba ingenza ukukhipha kube sibi kakhulu
• Gcina umntanakho ekhululekile ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okuthambile
• Landela ukuphuma kwamathunzi nesimo jikelele eduze

Nikeza isixazululo sokungahlali namanzi ngezinani ezincane njalo ngemizuzu embalwa kunokuba kube yizinani ezinkulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungase kubangele ukugabha okwengeziwe. Uma umntanakho egabha, linda imizuzu engu-15-20 ngaphambi kokuzzama futhi ngezinani ezincane nakakhulu.

Gcina amehlo eduze ezimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi njengokunciphisa ukuthamba, umlomo owomile, noma ukwanda kokucasuka. Abantwana abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, nakuba ukuphulukana ngokuphelele kungathatha isonto.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukuba ulungile nge-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntanakho uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukuqoqa ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzosisiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze ukuhlolwa okuqondile.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, lungiselela lolu lwazi:

• Lapho izimpawu zaqala nokuthi ziqhubeke kanjani
• Ukuvamile kokukhipha nokugabha
• Umbhalo wokugaya womntanakho
• Ukudalulwa kwamuva kokugula noma uhambo
• Okwenzile ngokwelashwa kuze kube manje
• Noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi ozibonile
• Imithi yamanje noma izongezo

Bhala phansi imibuzo ethile ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi nini umntanakho angabuya endaweni yokunakekelwa kwabantwana noma yiziphi izimpawu zezexwayiso okufanele azilindele. Ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma uma amalungu omndeni noma abantu abathintekayo banezimpawu ezifanayo.

Letha isampula yamuva yomthunzi uma udokotela wakho ecelile, futhi cabanga ukuqapha ukungena nokukhipha komntanakho uma enenkinga yokugcina amanzi.

Yini okuyisisekelo mayelana ne-rotavirus?

I-Rotavirus iyimbangela evamile kodwa evinjelwayo yokukhipha okukhulu kubantwana abasebancane. Nakuba kungenza umntanakho angakhululeki izinsuku ezimbalwa, abantwana abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okuqondile ekhaya.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthi ukuqanda kunikeza isivikelo esihle, futhi ukugcina umntanakho ephuza amanzi kuyisigqoko sokuphulukana. Izimo eziningi ziyaphela ngaphakathi nesonto ngaphandle kwezinhlanganisela, nakuba kufanele uhlale uthintane nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile.

Ngokuvimbela okuqondile ngokuqanda nezindlela ezinhle zokuhlanzeka, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kudingeka, i-rotavirus ayidingi ukuba yingozi enkulu empilweni yomntanakho. Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali futhi unganqikazi ukufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha uma ukhathazekile ngesimo somntanakho.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-rotavirus

UMbuzo 1: Abantu abadala bangathola yini i-rotavirus?

Yebo, abantu abadala bangathola i-rotavirus, kodwa akunamkhawulo futhi ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu ezilula kunabantwana. Izimo zabantu abadala ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukukhipha okulula nokungakhululeki kwesisu okuyeka ngokushesha. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile banokuvikelwa okuthile ekutholakaleni kwabantwana, nakuba lokuvikelwa kungaphelele. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabazali abanakekela abantwana abagulayo banengozi enkulu yokutheleleka.

UMbuzo 2: I-rotavirus ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu ze-rotavirus ngokuvamile zihlala izinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-8, ngabantwana abaningi bezizwa bephilile ngaphakathi nesonto. Ukugabha ngokuvamile kuyeka ngemuva kosuku lokuqala noma amabili, kuyilapho ukukhipha kungqhubeka izinsuku eziningi. Abanye abantwana bangase babe nokungakhululeki okulula kwesisu kuze kube amasonto amabili njengoba ama-intestines abo ephulukana ngokuphelele. Ukubuyela esimweni esiqondile ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10 ngokunakekelwa okuqondile.

UMbuzo 3: Iqanda le-rotavirus liphephile?

Yebo, iqanda le-rotavirus liphephile kakhulu futhi liphumelela kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi enkulu ayivamile, ngabantwana abaningi abangenazo izinkinga nhlobo. Abanye abantwana bangase babe nokuthukuthela okulula noma ukukhipha okukhulu ngemuva kokuqanda, kodwa lezi zimpawu zingezesikhashana. Iqanda liye lafundaywa kakhulu futhi line-rekhodi elihle lokuphepha kusukela lapho liqalwa ngo-2006.

UMbuzo 4: Umntanakho angathola yini i-rotavirus ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, abantwana bangathola i-rotavirus izikhathi eziningi, nakuba ukutheleleka okulandelayo kuvame ukuba lula kunokuqala. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-rotavirus, futhi ukutheleleka ngohlobo olulodwa akunikezi isivikelo esiphelele kwezinye. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka ngakunye kusiza ukwakha ukuvikelwa, ngakho abantwana abadala nabantu abadala abavamile ukuthola ukugula okukhulu kwe-rotavirus.

UMbuzo 5: Nini umntanakho angabuya endaweni yokunakekelwa kwabantwana ngemuva kwe-rotavirus?

Umntanakho kufanele ahlale ekhaya kuze kube yilapho engabikho ukuvuvukala kwamahora angu-24 futhi ukukhipha kwakhe kuye kwaba lula kakhulu noma kuye kwama. Izindawo eziningi zokunakekelwa kwabantwana zidinga abantwana ukuba bangabi nazimpawu okungenani amahora angu-24-48 ngaphambi kokubuyela. Hlola ngezinqubomgomo zabo ezikhethekile, njengoba ezinye zingadinga imvume yodokotela. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwabanye abantwana.