Rotavirus

I-Rotavirus iwumkhuhlane ongaphazanyiswa kalula obangela ukukopha. Ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwejeki, abantwana abaningi babevele baye basuleleka ngalolu hlobo lwengculazi okungenani kanye ngaphambi kokuba befinyelele eminyakeni emi-5 ubudala.

Nakuba ukutheleleka yi-rotavirus kungathandeki, ngokuvamile ungaphatha lokhu kutheleleka ekhaya ngamanzi engeziwe ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu kudinga ukwamukela amanzi ngomqondo (ngokungena emithanjeni yegazi) esibhedlela.

Ukuhlanzeka okuhle, njengokugeza izandla zakho njalo, kubalulekile. Kodwa ukugonywa yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukutheleleka yi-rotavirus.

Ukutheleleka yi-rotavirus kuqala ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba ukhululeke ku-virus. Izimpawu zokuqala ukufiphaza nokuhlanza, okulandela izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-7 zokuphelelwa amanzi. Ukutheleleka kungabangela nobuhlungu esiswini.

Kubantu abadala abaphilile, ukutheleleka yi-rotavirus kungabangela kuphela izimpawu ezilula noma kungabikho nhlobo.

Shaya udokotela wezingane zakho uma ingane yakho:

• Ine-diarrhea isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-24
• Ihlanza njalo
• Ine-stool emnyama noma enamafutha noma i-stool enegazi noma ubuhlungu
• Inezinga lokushisa elingu-102 F (38.9 C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ibonakala ikhathele, icasukile noma ibuhlungu
• Inezimpawu noma izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi umlomo owomile, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, ukungapisi kancane noma konke, ukulala okungavamile, noma ukungaphenduli

Uma ungumuntu omdala, shaya udokotela wakho uma:

• Ungakwazi ukugcina izinto eziphuzwayo phansi amahora angu-24
• Une-diarrhea ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili
• Unegazi ekukhazimuleni kwakho noma ekuphumuleni kwesisu
• Unezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuka-103 F (39.4 C)
• Inezimpawu noma izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukoma okukhulu, umlomo owomile, ukungapisi kancane noma konke, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukukhungatheka uma ukuma, noma ukukhanya

I-Rotavirus iyatholakala egazini lomuntu olapheleyo izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu futhi ize kube yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-10 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zincile. I-virus yasakazeka kalula ngokuthinta umlomo ngezandla phakathi nalesi sikhathi — ngisho noma umuntu olapheleyo engenazo izimpawu.

Uma une-rotavirus futhi ungagezi izandla zakho ngemuva kokusebenzisa indawo yokuphumula — noma ingane yakho ine-rotavirus futhi ungagezi izandla zakho ngemuva kokushintsha i-diaper yengane yakho noma ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi iye e-toilet — i-virus ingasakazeka kunoma yini oyithintayo, kufaka phakathi ukudla, amathoyizi namathuluzi. Uma omunye umuntu ethinta izandla zakho ezingageziwe noma into eyingcolile bese ethinta umlomo wakhe, ukutheleleka kungase kulandele. I-virus ingase ihlale inokulimala ezingosini ezingageziwe amasonto noma izinyanga.

Kungenzeka ukuthi utholakale yi-rotavirus ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, ngisho noma usuqanjwe. Noma kunjalo, ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo kuvame ukuba buthakathaka.

Ukutheleleka yi-rotavirus kuvamile kubantwana abaneminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-35 — ikakhulu labo abaqeda isikhathi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana. Abantu abadala kanye nabantu abadala abanakekela abantwana abancane nabo banengozi enkulu yokutheleleka. E-United States, ingozi ye-rotavirus iphakeme kakhulu ebusika nasebusika.

Ukuxhanyela okunzima kungaholela ekubeni umzimba ungabi namanzi, ikakhulu kubantwana abancane. Uma kungaphathwa, ukungabi namanzi kungaba yingozi eyingozi ebulalayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ekubeké ekuthini kube njalo.

Ukupholisa ukwanda kwe-rotavirus, geza izandla zakho ngokuphelele futhi njalo — ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa indawo yokuphumula, ushintshe i-diaper yengane yakho noma usiza ingane yakho ukusebenzisa indawo yokuphumula. Kodwa ngisho nokugeza izandla ngokuqinile akukhiphi noma iyiphi iwaranti. Futhi izicoci zezandla ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eziqukethe utshwala azinawo umphumela omncane ku-rotavirus.

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yezwe iphakamisa ukuthi wonke amazwe anikeze izingane ezincane i-rotavirus vaccine. Kunezi-vaccines ezimbili ezitholakalayo:

• RotaTeq. Le vaccine inikezwa ngomlomo ngezilinganiso ezintathu, ngokuvamile ngezinyanga ezingu-2, 4 no-6. I-vaccine ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezindala noma kubantu abadala.
• Rotarix. Le vaccine iyisilika eliphiwe ngezilinganiso ezimbili kubantwana abasebancane ebudaleni bezinyanga ezingu-2 nezinyanga ezingu-4.

Lezi vaccines zibhekwa njengeziphephile futhi zisebenza kahle, futhi izifundo zibonisa ukuthi zivimbela izinkulungwane zezingane ekuthuthukiseni i-rotavirus unyaka ngamunye. Noma kunjalo, ngokungavamile, zingabangela ingxenye yomthambo ukuba iphendukele (intussusception), iholele ekubanjweni komthambo okungenzeka kube yingozi eyingozi empilweni.

Izingane eziye zaba ne-intussusception zinezindlela eziningi zokuba nazo futhi ngemva kokuthola i-rotavirus vaccine. I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration iphakamisa ukuthi i-vaccine inganikezwa ezinganeni ezine-intussusception yomlando.

Kubantwana abangenayo imbali ye-intussusception, kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuthi ingathuthuka ngemva kokunikezwa kwe-rotavirus vaccine. Ngisho noma kunjalo, izinzuzo ze-vaccine zidlula kakhulu izingozi.

Uma ingane yakho inenhlungu yesisu, ukugabha, isifo sohudo, igazi emathunjini ayo, noma ushintsho ekuhambeni kwamathumbu ngemva kokuthola i-rotavirus vaccine, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ukugula okuningi kubangela ukulunywa. Ngakho-ke nakuba i-rotavirus ivame ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngezimpawu nokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yesisu kungase kusetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Asikho ukwelashwa okuqondile kokutheleleka yi-rotavirus. Ama-antibiotics nama-antivirals awukusizi ekuthelelekeni yi-rotavirus. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kuphela phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-7.

Ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi yiyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi ngesikhathi i-virus isebenza, phuza amanzi amaningi. Uma ingane yakho inenhlungu yokuhlanza okukhulu, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokunikeza i-fluid yokubuyisela amanzi emlonyeni njengePedialyte noma i-Enfalyte - ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlanza kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kubantwana, i-fluid yokubuyisela amanzi ingabuyisela amaminerali alahlekeke ngokuphumelelayo kunokuba yimanzi noma ezinye izinto eziphuzwayo. Ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu kungadinga ama-fluids e-intravenous esibhedlela.

Amagciwane okuchitha ukuhlanza awuqulwe ekuthelelekeni yi-rotavirus.