Rubella

I-rubella iwumkhuhlane obandakanyeka ovame ukwaziwa ngokukhanya okubomvu okuqhakazayo. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-German measles noma i-three-day measles. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lungabangela izimpawu ezilula noma zingabikho nhlobo kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, lungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kubantwana abangazalwanga uma omama babo beba ne-infection ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

IRubella ayifani ne-measles, kodwa lezi zifo ezimbili zihlanganyela ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhanya okubomvu. I-Rubella ibangelwa yi-virus ehlukile kunaleyo ye-measles, futhi i-rubella ayibandakanyi kangako noma ibe nzima njenge-measles.

I-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine iphephile futhi isebenza kakhulu ekunqobeni i-rubella. I-vaccine inikeza isivikelo esiphila isikhathi eside ngokumelene ne-rubella.

Emazweni amaningi, ukutheleleka kwe-rubella kuncane noma akukho nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba i-vaccine ayisetshenziswanga yonke indawo, i-virus isabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kubantwana uma omama babo beba ne-infection ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-rubella zivame ukuba nzima ukuqaphela, ikakhulukazi kubantwana. Izimpawu nezimpawu ngokuvamile zivele phakathi kwamasonto amabili nathathu ngemuva kokubekwa endaweni ye-virus. Ngokuvamile zihlala usuku olulodwa kuya kwawamahlanu futhi zingafaka:

• Ukuthuthumela okukhulu okungu-102 F (38.9 C) noma ngaphansi
• Ukukhathazeka kwekhanda
• Ikhala noma iphunga eliphuma emakhaleni
• Amehlo abomvu, ashisayo
• Ama-lymph nodes amakhulu, abuthakathaka emazantsi ekhanda, emuva komqondo nangemuva kwemilenze
• Isikhumba esincane, esibomvu esiqala ebusweni bese sisakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni bese siya ezingalweni nasemiilenzeni, ngaphambi kokuba siqede ngendlela efanayo
• Ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningase niye nakwisifo serubella noma uma ubona izimpawu noma izimpawu ezingase zibe yirubella.

Uma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa, hlola irekhodi lakho lokugonywa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthole i-vaccine yakho ye-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). Uma ukhulelwe futhi uthola irubella, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinyanga zokuqala, i-virus ingabangela ukufa noma ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa kwesilwane esikhulayo. I-Rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iyona nto evamile kakhulu yokuthuthumela. Kungcono ukuvikelwa e-rubella ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Uma ukhulelwe, cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokukhululeka e-rubella. Kodwa uma awukaze uthole i-vaccine futhi ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nakwisifo serubella, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uvivinyo lwegazi lungaqinisekisa ukuthi usuqinisile.

I-rubella ibangelwa yi-virus edluliselwa umuntu komunye. Ingasakazeka lapho umuntu olaphekile ekhwehlela noma ethikiza. Ingasakazeka futhi ngokuxhumana ngqo ne-mucus elaphekile evela ekhaleni nasehlombe. Ingadluliselwa futhi kubantwana abangakazalwa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe ngegazi.

Umuntu olaphekile yi-virus ebangela i-rubella uthakazelisa cishe isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isihlungu kuze kube yisonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba isihlungu siyaphela. Umuntu olaphekile angasakaza isifo ngaphambi kokuba azi ukuthi uyalaphekile.

I-Rubella iyindlala emazweni amaningi ngoba abantwana abaningi bagonyelwa lesi sifo besebancane. Ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba, i-virus isasebenza. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyicabange ngaphambi kokuya kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi uma ukhulelwe.

Uma usuvele uba naleli gciwane, ngokuvamile uba ne-immunity unomphela.

I-rubella iyisifo esilula. Abanye abesifazane abake baba ne-rubella baba nokuvuvukala kwamajozi ezandleni, ezinweleni nasemadolweni, okuhlala cishe inyanga. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-rubella ingabangela ukutheleleka kwelindlebe noma ukuvuvukala kwengqondo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe lapho uthola khona i-rubella, umphumela engwaneni yakho engakazalwa ungaba nzima, futhi kwezinye izimo, ube yingozi. Izingane ezingafika ku-90% ezizalwa kumama ababe ne-rubella phakathi kwamasonto ayi-12 okuqala kokukhulelwa zithola i-congenital rubella syndrome. Le syndrome ingabangela inkinga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukubambezeleka kokukhula
• I-Cataracts
• Ukuthula
• Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo (izifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo)
• Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwamanye amalungu
• Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokufunda

Ingozi enkulu kakhulu embotshweni ingesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa, kodwa ukubonisana kamuva ekukhulelweni nakho kuyingozi.

Isifo se-rubella sivame ukunikezwa njengesihlanganisi se-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). Leli vaksini lingase lihlanganise ne-chickenpox (varicella) vaksini - i-MMRV vaksini. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bancoma ukuthi abantwana bathole i-MMR vaksini phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-15 ubudala, futhi futhi phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-6 ubudala - ngaphambi kokungena esikoleni. IVaksini ye-MMR ivikela i-rubella futhi ivikela impilo yonke. Ukuthola i-vaksini kungavimbela i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Izingane ezizalwa kumama abatholwe i-vaksini noma abanesifo esingapheli, ngokuvamile zivikelwe yi-rubella izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-8 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Uma ingane idinga ukuvikelwa yi-rubella ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala - isibonelo, ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe - i-vaksini inganikezwa kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ubudala. Kodwa abantwana abatholwe i-vaksini ngokushesha badinga ukuthola i-vaksini eminyakeni ephawulwe ngaphambili kamuva. Ukubonelela nge-MMR vaksini njengokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezinikeziwe kungavimbela ukulibaziseka ekuvikelweni kwe-measle, i-mumps ne-rubella - futhi ngezithombe ezimbalwa. I-vaksini ehlanganisiwe iphephile futhi isebenza kahle njengezidakamizwa ezinikeziwe ngokwahlukana.

Isihlungu se-rubella singafana nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezihambisana nokuqabuka. Ngakho-ke abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuqinisekisa i-rubella ngosizo lwezivivinyo zelebhu. Ungase ube nokuhlolwa kwe-virus noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okungabonisa ukuba kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathumbu e-rubella egazini lakho. Lawa mathumbu abonisa ukuthi uke waba nokuqabuka kwamuva noma kwangaphambili noma i-rubella vaccine.

Alukho ukwelashwa okuqalisa isikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwe-rubella, futhi izimpawu azivame ukudinga ukwelashwa ngoba zivame ukuba zingenazinkinga. Noma kunjalo, abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuncoma ukuhlukaniswa kwabanye — ikakhulukazi kubakhulelwe — phakathi nesikhathi esithathelwanayo. Zihlukanise nabanye ngokushesha nje lapho kukhona ukucatshangelwa kwe-rubella futhi kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuba isihlungu siyaphela.

Ukusekelwa kwengane ezalwa ine-congenital rubella syndrome kuyahluka kuye ngobuningi bezinkinga zengane. Abantwana abanephroblemu eziningi bangadinga ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni yiqembu lochwepheshe.