Uthuli oluyini i-Rubella? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Iyini i-Rubella?

I-Rubella iwumkhuhlane omnene obangelwa yi-virus ebangela ukuqhuma okubomvu okukhethekile nezinkinga ezifana ne-influenza. Kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-German measles, lesi sifo esidlulisela kalula sisakazeka ngezintuli zomoya lapho umuntu onalesi sifo ekhwehlela noma ethi tshwa.

Abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle nge-rubella ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuzalwa uma owesifazane okhulelwe ekuthola, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Yingakho izinhlelo zokugonywa zenza i-rubella ibe yinto engavamile emazweni amaningi namuhla.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-rubella ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugonywa. Uma usuvele utholile i-rubella noma ugonywe ngayo, uvikelekile ukuphila kwakho konke.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rubella?

Izimpawu ze-Rubella zivame ukuvela emasontweni angu-2-3 ngemuva kokubekwa endaweni ye-virus. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abantwana, bangaba nezimpawu ezincane kangangokuba abaziqondi ukuthi bayagula.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona:

• Ukuqhuma okubomvu noma ophinki okuqala ebusweni bese kusakazeka phansi
• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-102°F)
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezindlebe nangasemva komphimbo
• Ikhala noma iphunga elivaliwe
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okuncane
• Amehlo abomvu, amanzi
• Ukuzizwa ngokujwayelekile ungaphili kahle

Ukuqhuma okukhethekile kuvame ukuphela izinsuku ezintathu, yingakho i-rubella ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi “i-measles yezinsuku ezintathu.” Ngokungafani ne-measles, ukuqhuma kwe-rubella kuvame ukuba lukhanya ngombala futhi lungabi luhle kakhulu.

Abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, bangaba nezimpawu ezengeziwe ezifana nobuhlungu bezingqondo nokuqina, ikakhulukazi eminweni, ezinzwini, nasemadolweni. Lolu buhlungu bezingqondo lungaphela amasonto amaningana kodwa ekugcineni luyaphela ngokuphelele.

Yini ebangela i-Rubella?

I-Rubella ibangelwa yi-rubella virus, eyingxenye yomndeni we-virus ebizwa nge-togaviruses. Le virus iyadlulisela kalula futhi isakazeka kalula kusuka kumuntu kuya kumuntu ngezintuli ezincane emoyeni.

Ungathola i-rubella lapho umuntu onalesi sifo ekhwehlela, ethi tshwa, noma ekhuluma eduze nawe. I-virus ingasakazeka futhi ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile ngalezi zintuli bese uthinta khona iphunga lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo.

Abantu abane-rubella bayadlulisela kakhulu cishe isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma futhi baqhubeka bedlulisela cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angasakaza i-virus ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azi ukuthi uyagula.

Izingane ezelwe zine-congenital rubella syndrome zingasakaza i-virus izinyanga, okwenza zibe yingozi isikhathi eside. Lena ingenye yezizathu zokuthi ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni abantu abasengozini.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-Rubella?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba ne-rubella. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe abangase babe sengozini.

Funani usizo lokuthiwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezinkulu:

• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane okuphezulu kuka-102°F okungaphenduli ekupholiseni umkhuhlane
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okukhulu noma ukuqina komphimbo
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhwehlela okuhlala njalo
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezifana nokomelela okukhulu noma ukunciphisa ukuya esikhumulweni
• Ukuphuza okungavamile noma ukudideka

Uma ukhulelwe futhi ubekeke endaweni ye-rubella, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha, ngisho noma awunazo izimpawu okwamanje. Udokotela wakho angahlola ukuvikeleka kwakho futhi akuxoxele ngezinyathelo ezifanele zokukuvimbela wena nengane yakho.

Kubantu abadala abanobuhlungu obukhulu bezingqondo obuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukuhlolwa kwemithi kungasiza ekutholeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha ubuhlungu nokuqeda ezinye izimo.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuphula amathuba okuthola i-Rubella?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-rubella. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezikhuphula amathuba kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivimbela wena nabanye.

Izinto ezinkulu ezikhuphula amathuba zifaka:

• Ukungagonywa nge-rubella
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957 (lapho izinhlelo zokugonywa zazingasakazwanga)
• Ukuba nokuvikeleka komzimba okubuhlungu ngenxa yesifo noma imithi
• Ukuya emazweni lapho amazinga okugonywa kwe-rubella aphansi khona
• Ukusebenza kwezempilo, ezikoleni, noma ezindaweni zokunakekela izingane
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezikhulu lapho izifo zisakazeka kalula khona

Abesifazane abakhulelwe babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-rubella. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ukuhlola isimo sakho sokuvikeleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile sokuvimbela.

Abantu abanezimo zezempilo ezithile ezihlasela ukuvikeleka komzimba, njenge-HIV noma labo abasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ukuvikeleka komzimba, bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka futhi babe nezimpawu ezinkulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-Rubella?

Nakuba i-rubella ivame ukuba mnene kubantwana nabantu abadala, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izingcindezi zesikhathi eside.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bezingqondo ne-arthritis, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abadala
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancinyane
• Inani eliphansi le-platelet okwesikhashana ebangela ukungcola kalula
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacteria okubangelwa yizinto ezingaphandle

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinkulu zingafaka ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (encephalitis) noma izinkinga zokopha ezinzima ngenxa yamanani aphansi kakhulu e-platelet. Lezi zinkinga azivamile kodwa zibonisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kakhulu nge-rubella yi-congenital rubella syndrome, eyenzeka lapho owesifazane okhulelwe edlulisela ukutheleleka engane yakhe ekuthuthukiseni. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuzalwa ezifaka izinkinga zenhliziyo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izinkinga zamehlo, nokuhluleka kwengqondo.

Igozi le-congenital rubella syndrome liphezulu kakhulu lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ngezingane ezingafika ku-90% ezihlazwe yilo. Ukutheleleka kamuva phakathi kokukhulelwa kunezingozi eziphansi kodwa zisaphambene.

I-Rubella ingavikeleka kanjani?

I-Rubella ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugonywa, futhi lokhu kuhlala kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivimbela wena nomphakathi wakho. I-MMR vaccine, evikelayo ngokumelene ne-measles, i-mumps, ne-rubella, iphephile futhi iphumelela kakhulu.

Abantwana abaningi bathola i-MMR vaccine yabo yokuqala phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12-15 ubudala, ngomthamo wesibili onikezwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6. Lo mkhuba wamatheminathi amabili uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokuphila kwabantu abaningi.

Abantu abadala abangaqiniseki ngesimo sabo sokugonywa kufanele bakhulume nodokotela wabo ngokuqondene nokugoma. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, abasebenzi bezempilo, nabagibeli bamazwe omhlaba.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuthi uvikelekile e-rubella okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuthola i-conception. I-MMR vaccine inayo i-virus ephilayo futhi akufanele inikezwe phakathi kokukhulelwa, nakuba iphephile ukuyithola ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.

Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka ingasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwe-rubella. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo, futhi ubeke izikhwehlela zakho ne-sneezes ukuvikela abanye.

I-Rubella ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-rubella kungaba inselele ngoba izimpawu zayo zifana nezinye izifo eziningi ezibangelwa yi-virus. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola izimpawu zakho nokubuza ngomlando wakho wokugonywa nokubhekana kwakho kwamuva.

Iphethini yokuqhuma okukhethekile inganika izinkomba ezibalulekile, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kuvame ukudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungathola ama-antibodies akhethekile e-rubella abonisa ukutheleleka okwamanje noma ukuvikeleka kwangaphambili.

Udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwe-IgM antibody, okubonisa ukutheleleka kwamuva, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-IgG antibody, okubonisa ukutheleleka kwangaphambili noma ukugonywa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-throat swabs noma amasampula e-urine aqoqwa ukuhlukanisa i-virus ngokuqondile.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe ukuze kunqunywe isikhathi sokutheleleka nokulinganisa izingozi ezingase zenzeke engwaneni ekuthuthukiseni. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningiliziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.

Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokunembile kubalulekile hhayi nje ezinqumweni zokwelapha, kodwa futhi ekuqaliseni izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ezivikela ukusakazeka kwabantu abasengozini, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe.

Iyini impilo ye-Rubella?

Ayikho impilo ekhethekile ye-antiviral ye-rubella, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngokunakekelwa okusekela. Ukuvikeleka komzimba wakho kuzolwa nokutheleleka ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile phakathi nesonto noma amabili.

Ukwelapha kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokukugcina ukhululekile ngenkathi uphulukana:

• Ukuphumula namanzi amaningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho uphulukane
• I-Acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen yokushisa nobuhlungu
• Ama-compress apholile ukuze kupholile ukucasuka kwesikhumba okuvela ekuqhumeni
• Ama-throat lozenges noma amanzi ashisayo omusa ukwelapha ubuhlungu bomlomo

Gwema ukunika i-aspirin kubantwana noma abantu abasebasha abane-rubella, njengoba lokhu kungabangela isimo esinzima esibizwa nge-Reye's syndrome. Namathela e-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ukulawula umkhuhlane kubantu abasebasha.

Abantu abadala abanobuhlungu obukhulu bezingqondo bangase bazuze emithini yokulwa nokuvuvukala noma ekuzivocavoca okuthambile. Kodwa-ke, gwema imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho uzizwa uphile kahle ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha ukuvikela abanye. Hlala ekhaya emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekunakekeleni izingane okungenani isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma, futhi gwema ukusondelana nabesifazane abakhulelwe ngalesi sikhathi.

Indlela yokwelapha ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Rubella?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-rubella kugxile ezinyathelweni zokunethezeka nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwabanye. Abantu abaningi bangaphatha izimpawu zabo ngokuphumelelayo ngezindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya ezilula.

Nansi indlela yokunakekela wena ngesikhathi sokuphulukana:

• Thola ukuphumula okuningi nokulala ukuze usize ukuvikeleka komzimba wakho kusebenze kahle
• Phuza amanzi amaningi njengamanzi, itiye lezimila, nama-broths acacile
• Dla ukudla okulula, okulula ukulihlanza uma uzizwa ukhululekile
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier noma uphefumule umusi ovela eshawa eshisayo ngenxa yokuphefumula okunzima
• Thatha izilimi ezishisayo nge-oatmeal noma i-baking soda ukuze uthambise isikhumba esikhazimulayo

Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ikhululekile ngomoya omuhle nokupholisa okulinganiselayo. Gwema ukukhazimula ukuqhuma, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa yizinto ezingaphandle noma ukwenzakala.

Hlola izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma umkhuhlane uphakama ngaphezu kuka-102°F, uma uthola ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okukhulu noma ukuqina komphimbo, noma uma uqaphela izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Khumbula ukuhlala uhlukanisiwe kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe, okungenani isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma kwakho. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kubantu abasengozini.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashela udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi une-rubella kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuzilungiselela kancane kuhamba ibanga elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-appointment yakho.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, buza lolu lwazi olukhulu:

• Umbhalo wakho wokugonywa, kufaka phakathi ama-MMR vaccines nezinsuku uma zitholakala
• Imininingwane mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini nokuthi ziye zakhula kanjani
• Ukuhamba kwamuva noma ukubhekana nabantu abagulayo
• Imithi yamanje nanoma yiziphi izinto ozithola ukuthi une-allergy kuzo
• Imibuzo mayelana nezidingo zokuhlukaniswa nokuthi ungabuya nini emisebenzini yakho evamile

Shaya ucingo ngaphambi kokubika ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi une-rubella ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele. Ama-clinics amaningi akhetha ukubona abantu abangase babe yingozi ngezikhathi ezithile noma ezindaweni ezihlukile.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ungaphili kahle. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ungakhohlwa ukuyibuza ngesikhathi sokuvakashela.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho somsebenzi noma sesikole, njengoba udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukweluleka ngezidingo zokuhlukaniswa nokuthi kuphephile nini ukubuyela emsebenzini wakho ojwayelekile.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Rubella?

I-Rubella iwumkhuhlane omnene kodwa odlulisela kalula obangelwa yi-virus ongavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugonywa. Nakuba abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukutheleleka kubangela izingozi ezinkulu ezinganeni ezikhulayo lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe betheleleka.

I-MMR vaccine iyona iviki elikhulu kakhulu ngokumelene ne-rubella futhi iye yanciphise kakhulu izimo emhlabeni jikelele. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokugonywa, ikakhulukazi uma ungumfazi oseminyakeni yokuzala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuqondene nokugoma.

Uma uthola i-rubella, ukuphumula nokunakekelwa okusekela kuzokusiza uphulukane ngokunethezeka. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlukaniswe kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka.

Khumbula ukuthi i-rubella manje iyinto engavamile emazweni amaningi ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugonywa eziphumelelayo. Ngokuhlala ugcina ukugonywa kwakho, awuvikeli wena kuphela kodwa futhi namalungu asengozini emphakathini wakho.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-Rubella

Ungathola i-rubella kabili?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-rubella kabili. Uma usuvele utholile i-rubella noma uthole i-MMR vaccine, uthola ukuvikeleka kokuphila kwakho konke. Ukuvikeleka komzimba wakho kukhumbula i-virus futhi kungayilwa ngokushesha uma ubekwa endaweni yayo futhi. Yingakho i-MMR vaccine iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.

Ukuvikeleka kwe-rubella kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokugonywa?

Ukuvikeleka kwe-rubella okuvela e-MMR vaccine kuvame ukuphela impilo yabantu abaningi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-95% yabantu abamukela amatheminathi amabili e-vaccine bahlala benamanani e-antibody avikelayo amasonto amaningi. Abanye abantu abadala bangadinga i-booster uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuvikeleka okuhla, kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Ingabe i-rubella iyingozi kubantu?

I-Rubella ivame ukuba mnene kubantu futhi ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Amadoda abadala angase abe nobuhlungu bezingqondo nokuqina, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwamadoda ukuvimbela ukudlulisela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, yingakho ukugonywa kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola i-rubella vaccine?

Cha, abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole i-MMR vaccine ngoba inayo i-virus ephilayo. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane bangayithola ngokuphephile i-vaccine ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuthi ugonywe okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuthola i-conception ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-rubella ne-measles?

Nakuba zombili zibangela ukuqhuma nokushisa, i-rubella ivame ukuba mnene kune-measles. Ukuqhuma kwe-rubella kuvame ukuba lukhanya ophinki futhi lungabi luhle kakhulu, futhi isifo ngokuvamile sihlala izinsuku ezingu-3-5 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-measles engase ihlale izinsuku ezingu-7-10. I-Measles iphinde ibe nezimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, nama-spots amancane amhlophe emlonyeni.