Umgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo uhlobo oluyimfihlo lomdlavuza oluqala ezinsweni ezikhipha umlomo emlonyeni naseqhweni. Lezi zinhlayiya zingakha kunoma iyiphi inso yakho yokukhipha umlomo, nakuba zivame ukubangela izinswelo ze-parotid ezikumaphethelweni eendlebe zakho.

Nakuba igama elithi "umgxekelo" liletha ukukhathazeka ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imidlavuza yezinso zokukhipha umlomo ayivamile, ibeka phansi kuka-1% yayo yonke imidlavuza. Imiklamo eminingi yezinso zokukhipha umlomo empeleni iyinhle, okusho ukuthi ayiyona imidlavuza nhlobo. Uma umgxekelo ukhona, ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla zinikeza imiphumela emihle kwabantu abaningi.

Umgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo Ungubani?

Umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo uqala uma amaseli ezinsweni zakho zokukhipha umlomo eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile futhi akhe imiklamo. Umuthi wakho unezinhlobo ezintathu zezinso ezinkulu zokukhipha umlomo kanye nama-hundreds amancane kulo lonke umlomo wakho neqhwa.

Izinso ezinkulu zokukhipha umlomo zihlanganisa izinswelo ze-parotid eduze kweendlebe zakho, izinswelo ze-submandibular ngaphansi kwesile, kanye nezinswelo ze-sublingual ngaphansi kolwimi. Lezi zinswelo zisebenza ndawonye ukukhipha ama-quart angu-1-2 womlomo nsuku zonke, zikusiza ukukoma, ukugwinya, nokugaya ukudla ngenkathi ugcina umlomo wakho uphilile.

Imiklamo eminingi yomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ikhula kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Zingaba yi-low-grade, okusho ukuthi zikhula kancane futhi azivamile ukusabalala, noma i-high-grade, ekhula ngokushesha futhi ingaba yona ephikisanayo.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Isinyathelo sokuqala esivamile yilump noma ukukhula okungapheli emlonyeni wakho, ehlombe, esile, noma endaweni yeqhweni. Lokhu kukhula kungase kuzwakale kuqinile noma kunzima ukuthinta, futhi ngokuvamile akuyi kuhamba ngokwalo.

Ungase uqaphele ezinye izimpawu njengoba isimo siqhubeka:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli ebusweni, esile, noma eqhweni obungaphuli
• Ukukhathazeka noma ubuthakathaka engxenyeni yobuso bakho
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho kabanzi
• Ubunzima bokugwinya noma ukukhuluma ngokucacile
• Umlomo ophuma endlebeni yakho
• Ukwehla kobuso noma ukungalingani

Izimpawu ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise ukushintsha emizweni yakho yokunambitha, umlomo owomile ongaphuli ngokunisela okwandisiwe, noma ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo emlonyeni wakho. Khumbula ukuthi izimpawu eziningi zalezi zingase zibangelwe yizimo ezingelona umgxekelo, ngakho ukuba nazo akusho ukuthi une-cancer.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo, ngayinye ineempawu zayo kanye nendlela yokwelapha. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-mucoepidermoid carcinoma, i-adenoid cystic carcinoma, kanye ne-acinic cell carcinoma.

I-mucoepidermoid carcinoma uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, olubeka cishe u-30% yayo yonke imidlavuza yezinso zokukhipha umlomo. Ngokuvamile iqala ezinsweni ze-parotid futhi ingaba yi-low-grade kuya kwi-high-grade. I-low-grade ikhula kancane futhi ayivamile ukusabalala, kuyilapho i-high-grade iphikisana kakhulu.

I-adenoid cystic carcinoma ivame ukukhula kancane kodwa inenkambo yokusabalala ngezindlela zezinzwa. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luqala ezinsweni ezincane zokukhipha umlomo futhi ngezinye izikhathi lungabangela ukukhathazeka kobuso noma ubuhlungu. Naphezu kokukhula kwayo kancane, kudinga ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela ngoba kungabuya eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-polymorphous adenocarcinoma, evame ukubangela izinswelo ezincane zokukhipha umlomo, kanye ne-salivary duct carcinoma, evame ukuba yona ephikisanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma uhlobo oluthile ngokuhlola ithusi, okusiza ukukhomba uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Yini Ebangela Umgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Imbangela eqondile yomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni kwayo. Ngokungafani neminye imidlavuza eminingi, umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo awubonakali ukuthi uxhumeke kakhulu ezintweni zokuphila njengokubhema noma ukuphuza utshwala.

Ukuvezwa kweradieysheni ingenye yezingozi ezicacile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwendawo yekhanda neqhwa ngezinye izimo zezokwelapha, noma ukuvezwa kweradieysheni ye-atomic. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abane-cancer yezinso zokukhipha umlomo abanalo umlando wokuvuleka okukhulu kweradieysheni.

Izinto ezithile ze-genetic zingase futhi zidlale indima. Abanye abantu bangase bazuze ukuguqulwa kwe-gene okubenza babe sengozini yokuthuthukisa le midlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezivela emsebenzini ezikhona ezinto ezithile noma izinto zingase zikhulise ingozi, nakuba lobu buxhumano busalwa.

Iminyaka ingenye into, njengoba le midlavuza iba yinto evamile njengoba abantu bekhula, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-50. Noma kunjalo, ingase ibonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kufaka phakathi ezinganeni nasebasha.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma yiluphi lump noma ukukhula okungapheli emlonyeni wakho, esile, noma eqhweni okungapheli ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Nakuba imiklamo eminingi ayilona umgxekelo, kubalulekile ukuthi ihlolwe ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa ukukhathazeka kobuso, ubuthakathaka, noma ukwehla, njengoba lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha. Ngokufanayo, uma unebunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho, ubuhlungu obungapheli obungaphuli, noma ubunzima bokugwinya, lezi zidinga ukuvakashelwa udokotela.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha ekukwazi kwakho ukukhuluma ngokucacile noma uma uthuthukisa ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo emlonyeni wakho okungaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kukunika ithuba elihle lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo uma kukhona umgxekelo.

Ziyini Izingozi Zomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Ukuqonda izingozi kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile, nakuba ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa umgxekelo. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi abazuthuthukisi umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo.

Izingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-50, nakuba ingase ibonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwendawo yekhanda neqhwa
• Ezinye izimo ze-genetic noma umlando womndeni
• Ubulili besilisa ngezinhlobo ezithile zomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo
• Ezinye izinto ezivela emsebenzini ezikhona erabha, i-asbestos, noma izinto ze-plumbing
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Epstein-Barr virus ezimweni ezingavamile

Ngokungafani neminye imidlavuza eminingi, ukusetshenziswa kotywala nokusetshenziswa kotshwala kubonakali ukukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nabantu abangakaze babheme noma baphuze utshwala bangathuthukisa le midlavuza.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Ngokomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Nakuba imidlavuza eminingi yezinso zokukhipha umlomo ilapheka, ezinye izingozi zingase zenzeke kuye ngobukhulu bomklamo, indawo, nokuthi ilapheka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela noma ukulawula.

Izingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukonakala kwezinzwa zobuso okuholela ebuthakathakeni bobuso besikhashana noma esiphakade
• Ubunzima bokudla, ukukhuluma, noma ukugwinya
• Umlomo owomile oqhubekayo othonya ikhwalithi yokuphila
• Ukusabalala komgxekelo ezindaweni ezikude ze-lymph noma eziqondene nezinye izitho
• Ukubuyela komgxekelo ngemuva kokwelashwa
• Ukushintsha kokubukeka ngenxa yokucutshungulwa noma ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni

Izingozi ezinzima kakhulu zingase zihlanganise ubunzima bokuqeda uma umklamo uthonya indlela yakho yokuphefumula, noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokudla uma ukudla kuya kunzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, izindlela zanamuhla zokucutshungulwa kanye nokunakekelwa okusekela kunciphise kakhulu amathuba ezingozi ezinkulu.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze futhi linikeze ukwelashwa ukuze kunciphise lezi zingozi. Izingozi eziningi zingalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokubuyiselwa.

Umgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukuthola umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba lapho udokotela wakho efuna imiklamo noma ukukhula emlonyeni wakho, esile, neqhweni. Bazokuqaphela ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze baqonde isimo sakho kangcono.

Udokotela wakho uzokubeka imiyalo yokuhlola izithombe ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani. I-CT scan noma i-MRI ingabonisa ubukhulu nendawo yanoma iyiphi imiklamo, kuyilapho i-ultrasound ingase isetshenziswe ukuhlola imiklamo eqhweni lakho. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ukukhula kubonakala kukhathazeka futhi uhlele izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Indlela eqinisekile kakhulu yokuthola umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo iwukusebenzisa isampula yethusi noma i-biopsy. Lokhu kungase kwenziwe nge-fine needle aspiration, lapho i-needle encane ikhipha isampula encane yamaseli, noma nge-surgical biopsy lapho ingxenye encane yethusi ikhishwa.

Uma umgxekelo uqinisekiswe, ezinye izivivinyo zisiza ekuqondeni isigaba nohlobo oluthile. Lezi zingase zihlanganise i-PET scans ukuhlola ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, noma izivivinyo ezikhethekile kwisampula ye-biopsy ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile lomgxekelo.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwe-Salivary Gland Cancer?

Ukuphathwa komgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo kuncike ezintweni eziningi kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomgxekelo, isigaba sawo, indawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngemidlavuza yesigaba sokuqala.

Ngomiklamo ezinsweni ze-parotid, ukuhlinzwa kungase kuhilele ukususa ingxenye noma yonke inso ngenkathi kulondolozwa izinzwa zobuso uma kungenzeka. Imiklamo yezinswelo ze-submandibular ngokuvamile idinga ukususwa kwesinswelo sonke. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ukuze alondoloze umsebenzi ngenkathi esusa wonke umgxekelo.

Ukuphathwa ngeradieysheni ngokuvamile kunconywa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amaseli omgxekelo aseleyo. Lokhu kuphathwa kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu eqondiswe endaweni yomklamo. Izindlela zanamuhla njenge-intensity-modulated radiation therapy zingaqondisa ngokuqondile umgxekelo ngenkathi kunciphise ukulimala kwesicubu esiphilile.

I-Chemotherapy ingase isetshenziswe ngemidlavuza ephakeme noma leyo esabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Izindlela ezintsha eziqondiswe ngqo nazo zifundwa futhi zingase zibe yizindlela ezithile ze-salivary gland cancer.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizodala uhlelo oluqondene nesimo sakho esithile. Bazochaza yonke indlela yokwelapha, izinzuzo zayo, kanye nemiphumela emibi ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ungawuphatha Kanjani Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya Ngesikhathi Somgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nemiphumela emibi ekhaya kuyinto ebalulekile ehlelweni lakho lokwelapha lonke. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lizokuhlinzeka ngesiqondiso esithile esisekelwe ekwelapheni kwakho nezidingo zakho zomuntu siqu.

Uma uhlushwa umlomo owomile, okuvamile ngemuva kokwelashwa, zama ukunisela amanzi njalo usuku lonke futhi usebenzise i-mouthwash engenayo utshwala. I-gum engenayo ushukela noma ama-lozenges angasiza ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa komlomo. Ama-humidifiers egumbi angakwenza ukhululeke, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.

Ngezinselele zokudla, ukudla okuthambile neziphuzo kungase kube lula ukulawula. Ama-smoothies, usoso, nokudla okuhlanganisiwe kungakunikeza ukudla ngenkathi kulula emlonyeni naseqhweni lakho. Uchwepheshe wokudla angakusiza ugcine ukudla okuhle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kungase kuhlanganise ama-pain relievers angaphezu kokuthengwa ngaphandle njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho, kanye nokushisa okuthambile noma ama-pack abandayo afakwe ngaphandle kobuso bakho. Landela imiyalo ethile yodokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-pain medications okuvikelekile kuwe.

Gcina umlomo wakho uhlanzekile ngokuhlamba okuthambile nokugeza njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kusiza ekuvinjeni ukutheleleka futhi kukhuthaze ukululama, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuvakashela Udokotela Wakho?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwawo wonke ama-medication owathatha, kufaka phakathi ama-drugs angaphezu kokuthengwa ngaphandle, izithasiselo, kanye ne-herbal remedies. Lungiselela futhi uhlu lomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imidlavuza yangaphambili, ukwelashwa kwendawo, noma izifo ezinkulu.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukwesekwa. Izingxoxo zomgxekelo zingase zibe nzima, futhi ukuba nomuntu lapho kungakusiza ekuqondeni lokho okuyizwa.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Lezi zingase zihlanganise imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izindlela zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi, kanye ne-prognosis. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Letha noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili noma izifundo zezithombe ezivela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole isithombe esiphelele sesimo sakho futhi agweme ukuphinda izivivinyo ezingadingekile.

Iyini I-Key Takeaway Ngokomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo?

Umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo uyisimo esingavamile kodwa esilapheka esithinta izinswelo ezikhipha umlomo emlonyeni naseqhweni. Nakuba ukwamukela ukuxilongwa komgxekelo kuyinto ebangela ukwesaba ngokwemvelo, abantu abaningi abane-salivary gland cancer baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa yiqembu lezokwelapha elikhulu kubalulekile. Imiklamo eminingi yomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ikhula kancane, ikunikeza wena nodokotela bakho isikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu olufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi i-oncologists, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa, kanye nabasebenzi abasekelayo, bakhona ukuze bakukhombe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo, ubonise ukukhathazeka, noma ufunani ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma usikudinga.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Ngokomgxekelo Wezinso Zokukhipha Umlomo

Q1: Ingabe umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo uyifa?

Imiklamo eminingi yomgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ayilona ifa, okusho ukuthi ayihambisani nemindeni. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingase zikhulise ingozi kancane. Uma unemlando womndeni womgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo noma eminye imidlavuza yekhanda neqhwa, xoxani nodokotela wakho ongakuhlola ingozi yakho yomuntu siqu.

Q2: Ingabe umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo ungavikeleka?

Asikho isinyathelo esiqinisekile sokuvimbela umgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo njengoba izimbangela eziqondile zingaziwa ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, ukuqeda ukuvezwa kweradieysheni okungadingekile nokuzivikela ezingozini zendawo uma kungenzeka kungasiza ekuphuculeni ingozi. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamazinyo kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga kwasekuqaleni.

Q3: Iyini izinga lokuphila ngemuva komgxekelo wezinso zokukhipha umlomo?

Izinga lokuphila liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lomgxekelo, isigaba sawo ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, nendawo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi abane-salivary gland cancer banemiphumela emihle, ikakhulukazi uma itholwe kwasekuqaleni. Imiklamo ye-low-grade ngokuvamile inemiphumela emihle kune-high-grade. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Q4: Ngizokwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi babuyela ekudleni okujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa, nakuba lokhu kuncike ekuhlinzweni okukhulu kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ozithola. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukulungisa ukudla kwabo okwesikhashana noma ngokuhlala njalo. Ochwepheshe bokukhuluma nokugwinya bangakusiza ukuba uzilungiselele futhi ugcine ukudla okuhle kulo lonke ukululama kwakho.

Q5: Ngingakanani ukubona udokotela ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Ukukhathalelwa okulandelayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukululama kwakho nokubuka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubuyela komgxekelo. Ekuqaleni, uzobona udokotela wakho njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngokuvakashela okuya kuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lizodala uhlelo lokulandelela oluqondene nohlobo lwakho oluthile lomgxekelo nokuphathwa.