Iyini i-Salmonella? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Salmonella uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebangela ukudumba komzimba ngokudla, elimaza izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye. Uma lezi zidalwa ezincane zingena ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla ngokudla okungcolile noma amanzi, zingakwenza ube nomkhuhlane ngezimpawu ezinjengesihlalo esikhulu, ubushushu bomzimba, nobuhlungu besisu. Abantu abaningi bayaphola ngokuphelele phakathi nesonto, nakuba ezinye izimo zingaba nzima kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Iyini i-Salmonella?

I-Salmonella ibhekisela emndenini webhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Salmonella enterica ehlala ngokwemvelo ezibilisini zabantu, izilwane, nezinyoni. Lezi zidalwa ezincane ziqinile ngokumangalisayo futhi zingaphila ngaphandle komphathi isikhathi eside. Uma udle ukudla noma amanzi angcolile anebhaktheriya eyanele, zizala ezibilisini zakho bese zikhulula izinto eziyingozi ezibangela impendulo yomzimba wakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2,500 zebhaktheriya ye-Salmonella, kodwa ukutheleleka kwabantu abaningi kuvela ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa kuphela. Ukutheleleka abakubangela kubizwa ngokuthi i-salmonellosis, okuyigama lezokwelapha nje lokudumba komzimba ngokudla kwe-Salmonella. Umuthi wakho ngokuvamile ulwa nokutheleleka ngokwakhe, kodwa inqubo ingakushiya uzizwa ubuhlungu izinsuku eziningi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Salmonella?

Izimpawu ze-Salmonella ngokuvamile zivela emahoreni angu-6 kuya kwangu-72 ngemuva kokuba ukhombiswe ibhaktheriya, abantu abaningi bezizwa begula phakathi kwamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-36. Isikhathi singahluka kuye ngokuthi udle kangakanani ukudla okungcolile nesistimu yakho yomzimba.

Nawa zimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Isihlalo esikhulu esingaba negazi noma ukhulu
• Ubushushu bomzimba, ngokuvamile bufika ku-101°F kuya ku-102°F (38°C kuya ku-39°C)
• Ubuhlungu besisu nobubi besisu
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda nezinhlungu zemisipha
• Ukuthandaza nokubukeka okubi

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bekhuluphuka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa okuqondile. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase bahlale behlushwa yizinkinga zokugaya ukudla noma ukukhathala amasonto amaningana ngemva kokuba izimpawu eziyinhloko zinyamalale. Ukuhlanza kungaba lukhulu kakhulu futhi kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi uma ungaqapheli ngokufaka amanzi alahlekile.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinkinga ezingathi sína. Lokhu kungafaka ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu, ukutheleleka kwegazi, noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-reactive arthritis esenza ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba amasonto ngemva kokubuyela esimweni esiqondile. Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingavamile, zivame kakhulu kubantwana abancinyane, abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, nabantu abanesistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka.

Yini ebangela i-Salmonella?

Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kwenzeka uma udle ukudla noma amanzi anebhaktheriya eyanele ukunqoba ukuvikela kwemvelo komzimba wakho. Ibhaktheriya ivame kakhulu endaweni yethu, ihlala ngokwemvelo ezibilinini zezilwane eziningi kufaka phakathi izinkukhu, izinkomo, izinkomo, izilwane ezizigqobhoza, ngisho nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.

Ake sihlole izindlela ezivamile abantu abathinteka ngazo:

• Amaqanda aluhlaza noma angaphekwe kahle, ikakhulukazi emayonesi yasekhaya, ubhotovu lwa-cookie, noma i-eggnog
• Ukudla okungaphekwe kahle okunjengenkukhu, inyama yenkomo, noma inyama yenkuku
• Imikhiqizo yobisi engaphansi, njengobisi olungaphansi noma amachizi abuthakathaka
• Imikhiqizo yasefama eyingcolile ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuvunwa, noma ukucubungula
• Ukutheleleka okuvela emapulatifomu okusika, izitsha, noma emaphethelweni
• Ukuthintana nezilwane ezithintekile, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo ezifana nezilwane ezizigqobhoza, izinyoni, noma izilwane zasemapulazini

Ukutheleleka ekhishini lakho kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga ngakho. Uma izithelo zenyama eluhlaza zithinta ukudla okulungele ukudliwa, noma uma usebenzisa ibhodi elifanayo lokusika inyama yenkukhu eluhlaza nemifino ngaphandle kokuhlanza kahle, ibhaktheriya ingasakazeka kalula. Ngisho nezingxenye ezincane zezinto ezingcolile zingakwenza ugula uma izimo zilungile.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa amanzi angcolile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokungcola okubi, kanye nokudluliselwa komuntu komunye ngokungahlambulukile kwezandla. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabaphathi bezingane bangasakaza ngephutha ibhaktheriya uma bengagezi izandla zabo kahle ngemva kokunakekela iziguli ezine-infection.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa ye-Salmonella?

Izinambuzane eziningi ze-Salmonella ziyaphela zodwa ngokuphumula nangamanzi amaningi, kodwa izimpawu ezithile zoxwayiso zisho ukuthi kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Umuthi wakho ngokuvamile ubhekene kahle ne-infection, kodwa izinhlungu zingase zivele ezidinga ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu:

• Ukuthuthumela okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (39°C) okungaphenduli ezikhipha ukushisa
• Ukhukhula olukhulu olune-gazi, uboya, noma ukhukhu
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni njengokukhungatheka, umlomo owomile, noma ukuncipha kokunisa
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obuvimba ukudla noma ukuphuza
• Ukugabha okukuvimbela ekuqondeni izintokozo
• Izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki

Funukela ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uthola izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu, njengokudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukuwohloka. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa ukuze ugcine ibhalansi efanele yamanzi. Izingane, abadala asebekhulile, nabantu abanesistimu yokuvikela emzimbeni ebuthakathaka kufanele baxhumane nodokotela wabo ngokushesha, njengoba bebhekene nezingozi eziphezulu zezinhlungu.

Yiziphi izimbangela zengozi ze-Salmonella?

Nakuba noma ubani angathola i-infection ye-Salmonella, izici ezithile zenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokugula noma ukuthola izinhlungu ezinkulu. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho.

Ubudala buwumsebenzi obalulekile ezingeni lakho lengozi:

• Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 banesistimu yokuvikela umzimba esathuthuka, enhlupheka ekuqedeni ukutheleleka.
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 bangase babe nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwesistimu yokuvikela umzimba nezinye izimo zezempilo.
• Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwenyanga eziyi-12 zisesengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezinzima.

Izimo eziningi zezempilo zingakwandisa ukuqabuleka kwakho ekuthelelekeni nasezinkingeni:

• Izistimu zokulwa nezifo ezibuthakathaka ezivela ezimweni ezifana ne-HIV, umdlavuza, noma ushukela.
• Ukuthatha imithi ecindezela umsebenzi wesimiso sokuvikela umzimba, njenge-steroids noma i-chemotherapy.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuvuvukala kwesisu noma ezinye izifo zokugaya ukudla.
• Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic muva nje, okuwona kungaqeda ibhaktheriya yakho elusizo esiswini.
• Ukukhipha i-spleen yakho noma ukuba nesifo se-sickle cell.

Isitayela sakho sokuphila nendawo ohlala kuyo futhi kuthonya ingozi yakho. Abantu abahamba emazweni asathuthuka babhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokubhebhetheka ngenxa yezinga ezahlukene zezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla kanye nezenzo zokuhlanzeka. Labo abasebenza nezilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezolimo, banokuxhumana okuvamile nemithombo ebangela ibhaktheriya.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-Salmonella?

Nakuba abantu abaningi bephulukana nokutheleleka kwe-Salmonella ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo, izinkinga zingase zenzeke ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lezi zinkinga azivamile, kodwa zingaba nzima uma zenzeka.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu okuvela ehlombe elikhulile nokugabha. Umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa yamanzi amaningi kanye neziminerali ezibalulekile ebizwa ngama-electrolytes, okuthinta umjikelezo wenhliziyo yakho nomsebenzi wezinkalweni. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantwana abancane nabantu abadala, abangaphelelwa amanzi ngokushesha kunabantu abadala abaphilile.

Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zingase zenzeke uma ibhaktheriya isakazeka ngaphandle kwesisu sakho:

• I-Bacteremia, lapho i-Salmonella ingena egazini lakho futhi ingathelela ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
• I-Endocarditis, ukutheleleka kwama-valve enhliziyo okungavamile kodwa okungaba yingozi eyingozi ebomini
• I-Meningitis, lapho amabhaktheriya efika emamembraneni avikelayo asezizungwini zakho no-spinal cord
• I-Osteomyelitis, ukutheleleka kwamathambo okungabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside
• Ama-Abscesses ezinhlwini ezahlukene, adinga ukususwa ngokusebenza

Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-reactive arthritis singathuthuka emavikini noma ngisho nezinyanga ngemuva kokuthi uphulukile ekuthelelekeni kokuqala. Lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwamajozi, ngokuvamile emadoyeni, ezinkinini, nasezinyaweni, futhi kungagcina izinyanga noma kube yinto eqhubekayo. Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo nezimpawu zokukhishwa kwamathumbu ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisana nezinkinga zamajozi.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izimpawu ze-irritable bowel syndrome ezichitha isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthi ukutheleleka kuqedeke. Lezi zinkinga zokugaya ukudla eziqhubekayo zingabandakanya ukubamba, ukuqhuma, nokushintsha kwemikhuba yomathumbu okungadinga ukulungiswa kokudla nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-Salmonella?

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kugxile emikhonyeni yokuphatha ukudla okuphephile nemikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka ongayifaka kalula ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke. Ukutheleleka okuningi kuvimbeka ngokuphelele ngezindlela ezifanele.

Ukushisa kokupheka okuphephile yindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa namabhaktheriya okudla:

• Pheka inyama yenkukhu kuze kube yi-165°F (74°C) kulo lonke, hlola nge-thermometer yenyama
• Pheka inyama yenkomo ne-pork kuze kube yi-160°F (71°C)
• Pheka izingcezu ze-beef ne-pork kuze kube yi-145°F (63°C)
• Gwema ukudla amaqanda angaphekwe noma angaphekwe kahle kunoma iyiphi indlela
• Shisa izinsalela kuze kube yi-165°F (74°C) ngaphambi kokudla

Imikhuba yokuhlanza ikhishi ingavimbela ukutheleleka phakathi kokudla okungaphekwe nokudla okulungele ukudliwa. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi afudumele okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphatha ukudla, ikakhulukazi inyama eluhlaza namaqanda. Sebenzisa amabhodi okusika ahlukene enyameni eluhlaza nakwezinye izibiliboko, noma uhlanze futhi ukhanyise amabhodi kahle phakathi kokusetshenziswa.

Imikhuba ehlakaniphile yokuthenga nokugcina nayo iyancipha ingozi yakho. Khetha imikhiqizo yobisi nejusi ehlanzwe, gwema amaqanda aqhekekile noma angcolile, futhi ufake ukudla okonakala kalula esiqandisini phakathi kwamahora amabili ngemuva kokuthengwa noma ukulungiswa. Uma uya kudla ngaphandle, khetha izindawo zokudlela ezibukeka zihlanzekile futhi zikhonza ukudla okufudumele.

Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinyoka, izinyoni, noma izinkukhu, geza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha futhi uzigcine kude nezindawo zokulungiselela ukudla. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 nabantu abanesistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka kufanele bagweme ukuxhumana nalezi zilwane ngokuphelele.

I-Salmonella ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-Salmonella kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlola isampula yesiyezi sakho ukuze ubone izinzalo ezithile ezingabangela izimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzovame ukuqala ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nembali yakho yokudla yakamuva ukuze abone ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka yini.

Ivivinyo eliqhelekile kakhulu lokuhlola yikhalitsha yesiyezi, lapho ochwepheshe belabhorethri bekhulise khona izinzalo ezivela esampulini yesiyezi sakho kumapleyiti akhethekile. Lo mqondo uthatha izinsuku ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3 kodwa unikeza ukuhlonishwa okuqinisekile kwe-Salmonella futhi ungabona ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic azobe esebenza uma ukwelashwa kudingeka. Ilabhorethri ingakwazi futhi ukubona uhlobo oluthile, okusiza izikhulu zempilo yeningi ukulandelela ukuphazamiseka.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma ekhathazekile ngezinkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola izimpawu zokuthi ukutheleleka kuye kwanda ngaphandle kwamaphaphu akho, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kwegazi kungabonisa izinzalo egazini lakho. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zigcinelwe abantu abagulayo kakhulu noma abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga.

Izivivinyo zokushesha zokuxilonga ziyaqala ukutholakala futhi zingakwazi ukunikeza imiphumela ngamahora kunokuba kube izinsuku. Noma kunjalo, lezi zivivinyo zingase zingabi zibanzi njengezinkolo zasekuqaleni futhi zingase ziphuthe ezinye izimo noma zinikeze ulwazi olungelona oluqondile ngamabhaktheriya.

Iyini impilo ye-Salmonella?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-Salmonella akudingeki ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha futhi kuzixazulula ngokwalo njengoba uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo lulwa namabhaktheriya. Izinjongo eziyinhloko ukukunika ukududuza nokuvimbela izinkinga ezinjengokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenkathi umzimba wakho uqina.

Ama-antibayothi avame ukungeluleki ekuthelelekeni okungenabungozi kwe-Salmonella ngoba angaqinisa ukukhishwa kwamabhaktheriya nokukhulisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya ezinokumelana nama-antibayothi. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzogcina ama-antibayothi ezimweni ezinzima noma kubantu abasezingozini eziphezulu zezinkinga, njengalabo abanezimbongolo zokulwa nezifo ezilinganiselwe noma ukutheleleka okungena ngaphakathi.

Uma ama-antibayothi adingeka, udokotela wakho uzokhetha imithi ethile ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlola kwelabhori:

• Ciprofloxacin noma ezinye i-fluoroquinolones zabantu abadala
• Azithromycin kubantwana noma lapho i-fluoroquinolones ingasetshenziswa
• Ceftriaxone ezifweni ezinzima noma lapho amabhaktheriya ebonisa ukuma okungapheli kwamanye amayeza
• Ukuphathwa kuvame ukuphela izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kwezi-7 ezimweni ezingenabungozi

Imithi yokulwa nokuphefumula njenge-loperamide ngokuvamile ayiluleki ngoba inganciphisa ukususwa kwamabhaktheriya ohlelweni lwakho futhi ingenza ukutheleleka kube sibi. Udokotela wakho angavuma ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimweni ezithile, kodwa kungcono ukushiya umzimba wakho uhlanze amabhaktheriya ngokwemvelo ngokuphefumula.

Ukungeniswa esibhedlela kuba yinto edingekayo uma uthuthukisa ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu, ukutheleleka kwegazi, noma ezinye izinkinga ezinzima. Ukwelashwa kwesibhedlela kungafaka amanzi ahlanganisiwe, ama-antibayothi aqinile, nokulandelela eduze izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile nomsebenzi we-organ.

Ukulawula kanjani i-Salmonella ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya i-Salmonella kugxila ekuhlaleni uthambile, ukuphumula ngokwanele, nokudla ukudla okungayi kuqhubeka nokuphazamisa isisu sakho. Umuthi wakho udinga amandla namanzi ukuze ulwe ne-infection ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukufaka amanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphulukana kwakho. Qala ngokunisela kancane, njalo izinto ezincinci ezicacile njengamanzi, ama-broth acacile, noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte. Izixazululo zokuvuselela amanzi emlonyeni ezitholakala emakhemistini zinikeza ibhalansi efanele yomunyu noshukela ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uthathe amanzi ngokuphumelelayo kunamanzi nje kuphela.

Nanka ukudla neziphuzo ezingakusiza ngesikhathi sokuphulukana kwakho:

• Ama-broth acacile nama-soup ukuze uthole izondlo ngaphandle kokugcwala isisu sakho
• Ama-banana ukuze uthole i-potassium nama-carbohydrate alula ukuwugaya
• Urayisi, i-toast, nama-cracker ukuze unike amandla ngaphandle kokukhungathekisa ama-intestine akho
• I-applesauce ukuze uthole amavithamini ne-fiber engazi kusimamisa ukukhuluphala
• Iti yezitshalo ezifana ne-ginger noma i-chamomile ukuze uthambise isisu sakho

Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunemafutha, utshwala, ne-caffeine ngesikhathi uphulukana, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza ukukhuluphala nokuhlupheka kwesisu. Ukudla okunoshukela kanye nokudla okune-fiber eningi kufanele kugwenywe kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuthuthuka. Buyisela kancane kancane ukudla kwakho okuvamile njengoba uqala ukuzizwa kangcono.

Ukuphumula kubaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiselweni. Isistimu yakho yokulwa nezifo isebenza kahle uma uphumule kahle, ngakho ungazizwa unecala ngokuphumula emsebenzini noma ukunciphisa imisebenzi yakho. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-5, nakuba ukukhathala kungase kuqhubeke isikhathi esingangeviki noma ezimbili.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashela kwakho udokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokunakekelwa okufanele izimpawu zakho. Ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo oluhleliwe kusengaphambili kuwonga isikhathi futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze izinqumo zokwelashwa ezingcono.

Ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, bhala phansi izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Faka imininingwane mayelana nobunzima nokuphindaphinda kokukhipha isisu, ubushushu bakho obuphezulu obuqoshwe, nanoma yikuphi ukudla noma iziphuzo ongakwazi ukuzikhuthaza. Lesi sikhathi sesikhathi sisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuthi ukugula kwakho kuqhubeka kanjani.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemisebenzi yakho yakamuva nokudalulwa kwakho:

• Ukudla okwakudliwe ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale izimpawu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokudlela noma emicimbini
• Ukuhamba okwenziwe muva nje, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemigomo ehlukile yokuphepha kokudla
• Ukuthintana nezilwane, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane zefama, noma izindawo zokudlala zezilwane
• Abanye abantu abadlile ukudla okufanayo nokuthi nabo bayagula yini
• Imithi noma izongezelelo ozithatha njengamanje

Lungisa uhlu lwemithi yakho yangamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi kanye nezongezelelo, njengoba ezinye zingase zisebenzisane nokwelashwa okungenzeka. Uma unezimo zempilo ezingapheli noma uthatha imithi ethonya isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma ngalokhu, njengoba kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Cabanga ukuthatha isampula yesisu uma ihhovisi likaDokotela likuhlinzekele ngemiyalo yokuthatha. Ama-ofisi amaningi ayakhetha ukunikeza ikithi lawo lokuqoqa ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuhle, ngakho-ke shayela phambili ubuze ngenqubo yabo ekhethiwe.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Salmonella?

Ukuvuvukala kokudla kwe-Salmonella kuyisifo esingesihle kodwa esivamise ukuphatheka kalula esithinta izigidi zabantu unyaka ngamunye. Nakuba izimpawu zingakwenza uzizwe ugula kakhulu izinsuku ezimbalwa, abantu abaningi abaphilile bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuvimbela ngezindlela zokuphepha kokuphatha ukudla kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuzivimbela ekuthelelekeni. Ukupheka ukudla ngamaqondo okushisa afanele, ukugwema ukungcolisana okungaphambili ekhishini lakho, nokwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla kungavimbela amacala amaningi okuvuvukala kwe-Salmonella.

Uma ugula, gxila ekugcineni umzimba wakho ulushwishi futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele ngenkathi isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sisebenza. Yazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufunesekelo lochwepheshe wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ubushushu obukhulu, ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu, noma ukukhuluphala kwegazi. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kweviki futhi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-Salmonella

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-Salmonella?

Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokulimala kwe-Salmonella phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile. Noma kunjalo, ungaqhubeka ukhulula amabhaktheriya emathunjini akho amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziphelile, okusho ukuthi usengasakaza ukutheleleka kwabanye ngalesi sikhathi. Abanye abantu baye baba nobuthakathaka obuhlala isikhathi eside noma ukululama kokudla okungathandeki amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu eziyinhloko zicacile.

Ungathola yini i-Salmonella emaqandeni?

Yebo, amaqanda angaba namabhaktheriya e-Salmonella, ikakhulukazi ezimbewu zawo noma ngezinye izikhathi ngaphakathi kweqanda ngokwalo uma inkuku yayithathelwe. Kungakho kubalulekile ukupheka amaqanda ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho kokubili i-yolk ne-white ziba zinzima, nokuqeda ukudla ubhotovu oluqandisiwe, i-mayonnaise ekhaya, noma ukudla okunamaqanda angaphekwe. Imikhiqizo yamaqanda aphekiwe iyindlela ephephile yokupheka okufuna amaqanda angaphekwe.

Ingabe i-Salmonella iyadluliseleka phakathi kwabantu?

I-Salmonella ingasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, yize kungavamile ukwedlula ukuyithola ekudleni okungcolile. Amabhaktheriya adlula ngokudluliselwa kwe-fecal-oral, okuvamise ukuvela lapho umuntu engahlanzi izandla kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela bese ethatha ukudla noma ethinta izinto abanye abazozithinta. Kungakho ukuhlanza izandla kubalulekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma unakekela umuntu othelelekile.

Ingabe izilwane ezifuywayo zingakunika i-Salmonella?

Yebo, izilwane eziningi zasekhaya zingathwala i-Salmonella, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincinyane ezinjengamehlule, izinyoka, nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo, kanye nezinyoni, izinkukhu, ngisho nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ibhaktheriya ihlala ngokwemvelo ezibilinini zazo futhi ingonakalisa indawo yazo. Hlala ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokuphatha izilwane zasekhaya noma ukuhlanza ikheji lazo, futhi uziqaphele ukuba zingasondeli ezindaweni zokulungiselela ukudla. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 nabantu abanezimpawu ezibuthakathaka kufanele bagweme ukuxhumana nezilwane eziyingozi ngokuphelele.

Ngingayidinga yini i-antibiotic ye-Salmonella?

Izinambuzane eziningi ze-Salmonella azidingi ama-antibiotic futhi empeleni ziphulukana ngokushesha ngaphandle kwawo. Ama-antibiotic angandela ukukhishwa kwe-bacteria futhi andise ingozi yokutheleleka okumelana nama-antibiotic. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka ama-antibiotic kuphela uma une-infection enzima, unesongo elikhulu lokulimala, noma uma ibhaktheriya isakazeke ngaphandle kwesisu sakho. Isinqumo siyacishe sibe ngokwesimo sakho somuntu siqu nesimo sempilo yakho jikelele.