Sarcoidosis

I-Sarcoidosis yisifo esiqinisekiswe ukukhula kwamaqembu amancane amangqamuzana okuvuvukala (amagranuloma) kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho - ikakhulukazi emaphashini nasezinso. Kodwa-ke, ingathinta amehlo, isikhumba, inhliziyo namanye amalungu.

Imbangela ye-sarcoidosis ayaziwa, kodwa ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi ivela ohlelweni lokulwa nezifo lomzimba oluphendula into engaziwa.Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izinto eziphethe izifo, amakhemikhali, uthuli kanye nokwenzeka kokungaphili kahle komzimba ekuphenduleni amaprotheni alo (ama-self-proteins) kungaba yimbangela yokwakheka kwama-granuloma kubantu abanezinto ezihlukanisayo ngokufanayo.

Ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-sarcoidosis, kodwa abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma ngokwelashwa okuncane. Ezimweni ezithile, i-sarcoidosis iyaphela yodwa. Kodwa-ke, i-sarcoidosis ingaqhubeka iminyaka futhi ingalimaza amalungu omzimba.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesarcoidosis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izitho ezihlaselekayo. I-Sarcoidosis ngezinye izikhathi ithuthuka kancane kancane futhi iveze izimpawu ezichitha iminyaka eminingi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo bese ziyaphela ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi abane-sarcoidosis abanazo izimpawu, ngakho-ke isifo singatholakala kuphela lapho kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba ngenye isizathu.

I-Sarcoidosis ingaqala ngalezi zimpawu nezimpawu:

• Ukukhathala
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala ezinhlangothini, njengoba kwenzeka ezinqenqemeni

I-Sarcoidosis ivame ukubathinta amaphaphu futhi ingabangela izinkinga zamaphaphu, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhokha okwomile okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphefumula kancane
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni

I-Sarcoidosis ingabangela izinkinga zesikhumba, ezingafaka:

• Isikhumba esibomvu noma esibomvu-luhlaza okwesibomvu, ngokuvamile esiqongweni noma ezinqenqemeni, esingaba shushu futhi sibuhlungu uma siqondwa
• Izilonda ezibonakalayo (izilonda) ekhaleni, emphinini nasezindlebeni
• Izindawo zesikhumba ezimnyama noma ezilula ngombala
• Ukukhula phansi kwesikhumba (ama-nodules), ikakhulukazi eduze kwama-scars noma amathathu

I-Sarcoidosis ingathinta amehlo ngaphandle kokubangela noma yiziphi izimpawu, ngakho kubalulekile ukuhlola amehlo akho njalo. Uma izimpawu nezimpawu zamehlo zivela, zingafaka:

• Ukubona okungacaci
• Ubuhlungu lwamehlo
• Ukushisa, ukukhahlela noma amehlo omile
• Ubomvu obukhulu
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene ne-cardiac sarcoidosis zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Ukuphefumula kancane (dyspnea)
• Ukuphelelwa yizinzwa (syncope)
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukuphayona okusheshayo noma okuphephezela kwenhliziyo (palpitations)
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukugcwala kwamanzi (edema)

I-Sarcoidosis ingathinta futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-calcium, uhlelo lwezinzwa, isibindi nespleen, imisipha, amathambo nezinhlangothi, izinso, ama-lymph nodes, noma noma iyiphi enye inhlangano.

Bona ubone udokotela uma unezimpawu zesifo se-sarcoidosis. —UJim, isiguli, i-sarcoidosis UJim, isiguli: Sanikwa abazukulu ababili abahle ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Amantombazane amabili amahle kakhulu futhi lokho kwenza ukuphila kube kuhle. Angikaze ngibe nesimpawu kuze kube ngalelo langa lokuqala lokohlaselo lwempilo. Ngivaliwe ngama-100%. UDiana, umngane womshado: Bafaka ama-stent ama-2 noma ama-3 — odokotela babeyokwenza — bese ngaphakathi kwezinyanga, uJim wayezobe enezimpawu ezifanayo futhi. UJim: Ngingene esibhedlela futhi, futhi kulokhu, kwakuyikhanda lokuvuleka kwentliziyo. UDiana: Oh, Nkulunkulu, lapho evula uJim, wathi ngibonile into namuhla engikaze ngiyibone komunye umuntu. UJim: Kwatholakala ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi ngina-sarcoidosis. UDiana: Ukwelashwa, odokotela, umsebenzi wobuqembu bekungakholeki. ULeslie Cooper, uM.D.: Sithathe umuthi omisiwe kwenye indawo futhi sawuqondisa okokuqala ngqa e-cardiac sarcoidosis. UDiana: Kwakuyilokhu okuvivinywayo, kodwa kwafaka le sarcoid ekuphumuleni futhi lokho kwanika uJim ukuphila kwakhe. Kwaba yingozi enhle impela.

Odokote abazi isizathu esiqinisekileyo se-sarcoidosis. Abanye abantu kubonakala sengathi banesizungu sokuzalwa sesifo, esingase siqalwe yibhaktheriya, i-virus, uthuli noma amakhemikhali.

Lokhu kuqalisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesistimu yakho yokukhulula, futhi amangqamuzana okukhulula aqala ukuqoqana ngendlela yokuvuvukala ebizwa ngama-granulomas. Njengoba ama-granulomas ekhula endalini, umsebenzi waleyo ndalini ungathinteka.

Nakuba noma ubani angaba nesifo se-sarcoidosis, izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala nobulili. I-Sarcoidosis ingaba khona kunoma yiliphi iminyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile ivela phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nama-60. Abesifazane banethuba elikhulu lokuba bathuthukise lesi sifo.
• Uhlanga. Abantu abavamile abantu base-Afrika nabaseYurophu yaseNyakatho banesilinganiso esiphezulu se-sarcoidosis. Abantu baseMelika abamnyama banethuba elikhulu lokuba babe nokuhileleka kwamanye amalungu omzimba kanye nemiphunga.
• Umlando womndeni. Uma othile emndenini wakho ebe nesifo se-sarcoidosis, unethuba elikhulu lokuba uthuthukise lesi sifo.

Ngesinye isikhathi i-sarcoidosis ibangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside.

• Amaphaphu. I-sarcoidosis yamaphuli engalashwanga ingabangela ukwenzakala okuhlala njalo emaphashini akho (i-pulmonary fibrosis), okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangele i-pulmonary hypertension.
• Amehlo. Ukuvuvukala kungathinta cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yamehlo akho futhi kungabangela ukulimala kweliso, okugcina kubangele ubuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile, i-sarcoidosis ingabangela ne-cataracts ne-glaucoma.
• Izinkulungwane. I-Sarcoidosis ingathinta indlela umzimba wakho ophatha ngayo i-calcium, okungabangela amatshe emithanjeni futhi kunciphisa umsebenzi wezinkulungwane. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungabangela ukwehluleka kwezinkulungwane.
• Inhliziyo. I-Cardiac sarcoidosis iholela kuma-granulomas enhliziyweni yakho angaphazamisa izinga lenhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wenhliziyo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lokhu kungabangela ukufa.
• Uhlelo lwezinzwa. Inani elincane labantu abane-sarcoidosis bathuthukisa izinkinga ezihlobene ne-central nervous system lapho ama-granulomas ehlangana ebuchosheni nase-spinal cord. Ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yobuso, isibonelo, kungabangela ukuqina kobuso.

I-Sarcoidosis ingaba nzima ukuyihluza ngoba leli gciwane lihlala libonisa izimpawu ezimbalwa kanye nezimpawu ezingeni laso lokuqala. Uma izimpawu zivele, zingafana nalezo zezinye izifo.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba bese uxoxa ngezimpawu zakho. Uzolalela ngokucophelela inhliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho, ahlole ama-lymph nodes ukuze abuke ukuvuvukala, bese ahlole noma yiziphi izilonda zesikhumba.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zingasiza ekuqedeni ezinye izifo futhi zibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zomzimba ezingase zithinteke yi-sarcoidosis. Udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okunjengokulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokwelutho ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke nokuthi ama-kidneys na-liver asebenza kahle kangakanani
• I-X-ray yesifuba ukuhlola imiphunga yakho nenhliziyo yakho
• Ukucubungula komshini (CT) scan yesifuba ukuhlola imiphunga yakho
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemiphunga (pulmonary) ukuqapha ubuningi bemiphunga nokuthi imiphunga yakho ithumela oksijini kangakanani egazini lakho
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG) ukuthola izinkinga zenhliziyo nokulandelela isimo senhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuhlola izinkinga zobumhlophe ezingase zibangelwe yi-sarcoidosis
• I-Positron emission tomography (PET) scan noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uma kubonakala sengathi i-sarcoidosis ithonya inhliziyo yakho noma uhlelo lwakho oluphakathi lolwazi

Kungenzeka kwengezwe ezinye izivivinyo, uma kudingeka.

Udokotela wakho angalandela isampula encane yethishu (biopsy) ethathwe engxenyeni yomzimba wakho okukholelwa ukuthi ithintekile yi-sarcoidosis ukuze abuke ama-granulomas avame ukubonwa naleli gciwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-biopsies angathathwa esikhumbeni sakho uma unezilonda zesikhumba nasemiphungeni nase-lymph nodes uma kudingeka.

Asikho ikhambi le-sarcoidosis, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, iyaphela yodwa. Awudingi ukwelashwa uma ungenawo ubuhlungu noma unezinkinga ezincane kuphela. Ukubaluleka nobukhulu besimo sakho kuzokunquma ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa olufunekayo nohlobo luni. Imithi Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima noma umsebenzi we-organ usongelwe, cishe uzokwelashwa ngemithi. Lokhu kungafaka: I-Corticosteroids. Lezi zidakamizwa ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala ngokuvamile yilona lokhuqala ukwelashwa kwe-sarcoidosis. Ezimweni ezithile, i-corticosteroids ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile endaweni eathintekile - ngekhilimu kwisilonda sesikhumba noma amaconsi emehlweni. Imithi ecindezela uhlelo lokukhulisa. Imithi enjenge-methotrexate (Trexall) ne-azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran) inquma ukuvuvukala ngokucindezela uhlelo lokukhulisa. I-Hydroxychloroquine. I-Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) ingasiza ezilondeni zesikhumba nasemazingeni aphezulu e-calcium egazini. Abaphikisi be-Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala okuhlotshaniswa ne-rheumatoid arthritis. Ingasiza ekwelapheni i-sarcoidosis engaphendulanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izidakamizwa ekwelapheni izimpawu noma izinkinga ezithile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha Kuye ngezimpawu zakho noma izinkinga, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zinconywe. Isibonelo, ungaba ne-physical therapy ukunciphisa ukukhathala nokuthuthukisa amandla emisipha, ukuvuselelwa kwe-pulmonary ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuphefumula, noma i-pacemaker yentliziyo efakwe noma i-defibrillator ye-arrhythmias yentliziyo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo Ukuthi usibona kangakanani udokotela wakho kungahluka kuye ngezimpawu zakho nokuphathwa kwakho. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo - ngisho noma awudingi ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela izimpawu zakho, anqume ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha futhi ahlole izinkinga. Ukuqapha kungafaka ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okuqondene nesimo sakho. Isibonelo, ungaba ne-X-rays yesifuba, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu nokwemithambo, i-EKG, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu, amehlo, isikhumba nanoma yiliphi elinye i-organ elihilelekile. Ukulandelela ukunakekelwa kungase kube impilo yonke. Ukuhlinzwa Ukutshalwa kwe-organ kungacatshangelwa uma i-sarcoidosis yonakalise kakhulu amaphaphu akho, inhliziyo noma isibindi. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu Cela i-aphoyintimenti

Nakuba i-sarcoidosis ingase iphele yodwa, ukuphila kwabanye abantu kuguqulwa phakade yileli gciwane. Uma unesinkinga sokubhekana nalesi simo, cabanga ukukhuluma nomeluleki. Ukuhlanganyela eqenjini lokusekela i-sarcoidosis nakho kungaba usizo.