Sarcoma

ISarcoma uhlobo lolwempilo olutholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene emzimbeni wakho.

ISarcoma igama elikhuluqile leqembu elikhulu lemithamo yomdlavuza eqala emathanjeni nasezithweni ezithambile (ezibizwa nangokuthi izicubu ezihlanganisayo) (isaroma sezicubu ezithambile). ISaroma sezicubu ezithambile sikhula ezicubwini ezihlanganisa, eziphakamisa, futhi ezizungezile ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisipha, amafutha, imithambo yegazi, izicubu zezinzwa, amathambo, kanye nokugqoka kwamajoinyi akho.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zesaroma. Ukwelashwa kwesaroma kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesaroma, indawo nezinye izici.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesarcoma zihlanganisa:

• Isibopho esingabonakala ngokuthinta olukhulu, esingaba buhlungu noma singabi buhlungu
• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo
• Ithambo eliphukileyo elivela ngokungalindelekile, njengoba kwenzeka ngokulimala okuncane noma ngaphandle kokulimalala nhlobo
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo

Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela i-sarcomas eziningi. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza uqala lapho kwenzeka izinguquko (ukuguqulwa) ku-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli. I-DNA ngaphakathi kuseli iphekwe ibe yininzi yama-jini ahlukene, ngalinye lineqoqo lemiyalo elikhuluma neseli ukuthi yiziphi imisebenzi okufanele iyenze, kanye nendlela yokukhula nokwahlukaniswa. Ukuguqulwa kungatshela amaseli ukuba akhule futhi ahlukaniswe ngokungenakulawuleka futhi aqhubeke ephila lapho amaseli avamile efa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amaseli angavamile aqoqana angakha i-tumor. Amaseli angaphula futhi asakazeke (ukusabalala) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izici ezingandisa ingozi ye-sarcoma zifaka phakathi:

• I-syndromes eziwusifa. Ezinye i-syndromes ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza zingadluliselwa kubantwana abavela kubazali. Izibonelo ze-syndromes ezandisa ingozi ye-sarcoma zifaka i-retinoblastoma yomndeni ne-neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nge-radiation. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nge-radiation kukhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-sarcoma kamuva.
• Ukukhula okuqhubekayo (i-lymphedema). I-lymphedema iwukukhula okubangelwa ukubuyela emuva kwe-lymph fluid okwenzeka lapho i-lymphatic system ivinjelwe noma yonakele. Kwandisa ingozi yohlu lwe-sarcoma oluthiwa yi-angiosarcoma.
• Ukuvezwa ezimpahleni. Ezinye izimpahlani, njengezinye izimpahlani zezimboni ne-herbicides, zingandisa ingozi ye-sarcoma ethinta isibindi.
• Ukuvezwa kuma-virus. I-virus ebizwa nge-human herpesvirus 8 ingandisa ingozi yohlu lwe-sarcoma oluthiwa yi-Kaposi's sarcoma kubantu abanesistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola i-sarcoma nokunquma ububanzi bayo (i-stage) zihlanganisa: Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze aqonde kangcono izimpawu zakho futhi abukele amanye amaphuzu azosiza ekuxilongweni kwakho. Izivivinyo ze-Imaging. Izivivinyo ze-imaging ezifanele kuwe kuzoxhomeka esimweni sakho. Ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-X-rays, zilungele ukubona izinkinga emathanjeni. Ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-MRI, zilungele ukubona izinkinga zezicubu ezihlanganisa. Ezinye izivivinyo ze-imaging zingafaka i-ultrasound, i-CT, ukuhlolwa kwama-bone ne-positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Ukususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe (i-biopsy). I-biopsy inqubo yokususa ingxenye yethishu engathandeki ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. Izivivinyo zelebhoratri eziphambili zingakwazi ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana anemishanguzo yini nohlobo luni lomdlavuza olumelelayo. Izivivinyo zingabuye zikhombise ulwazi oluwusizo ekukhetheni ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu. Indlela isampula ye-biopsy ebuye iqokelelwe ngayo ixhomeke esimweni sakho esithile. Ingasuswa ngenhlanzi edlula ngesikhumba noma isiqoshwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy yenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kokususa umdlavuza. Uma udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi une-sarcoma, angase akukhuthazele ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze abukele izimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza usakazeke. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lochwepheshe abakhathalelayo baseMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-sarcoma Qala Lapha

I-Sarcoma ngokuvamile iphelelwa ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-cancer. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zisetshenziswe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kuwe zizoxhomeka ohlotsheni lwe-sarcoma, indawo yalo, ukuthi amaseli aqinile kangakanani nokuthi i-cancer isakazeke yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-sarcoma kungabandakanya:

• Ukuhlinzwa. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa kwe-sarcoma ukususa wonke amaseli e-cancer. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukunqamula ingalo noma umlenze ukususa yonke i-cancer, kodwa ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa bazama ukulondoloza umsebenzi welungu uma kungenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi yonke i-cancer ayikwazi ukususwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izakhiwo ezibalulekile, njengamithambo noma izitho. Kulezi zimo, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa basebenza ukuze basuse okuningi kwe-sarcoma ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu, njenge-X-rays namaprotoni, ukubulala amaseli e-cancer. Umgogodla ungaphuma emishini ehambahamba emzimbeni wakho uqondisa imisebe yamandla (umgogodla wangaphandle). Noma umgogodla ungafakwa emzimbeni wakho okwesikhashana (i-brachytherapy). Ngezinye izikhathi umgogodla wenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-cancer (umgogodla wokusebenza).
• I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy ukwelashwa ngemithi okusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukubulala amaseli e-cancer. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-sarcoma zinezela kakhulu ekwelapheni kwe-chemotherapy kunabanye.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ukwelashwa ngemithi okusebenzisa imithi ehudula ubuthakathaka obubalulekile kumaseli e-cancer. Udokotela wakho angase abe namaseli akho e-sarcoma avivinywe ukuze abone ukuthi anele kakhulu ekwelapheni ngemithi eqondiswe.
• I-Immunotherapy. I-Immunotherapy ukwelashwa ngemithi okusebenzisa isimiso sakho sokukhulula ukulwa ne-cancer. Isistimu yakho yokulwa nezifo yomzimba ingase ingalihli i-cancer yakho ngoba amaseli e-cancer akhiqiza amaprotheni ahlanganisa amaseli esistimu yokukhulula. Imithi ye-immunotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa leyo nqubo.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-ablation. Ukwelashwa kwe-ablation kubulala amaseli e-cancer ngokusebenzisa ugesi ukushisa amaseli, i-liquid ebandayo kakhulu ukuze kufrize amaseli noma amaza e-ultrasound aphezulu ukuze alimaze amaseli. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana ne-cancer, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukuzisusa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi sokususa i-imeyili. Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokubhekana ne-cancer uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzobona futhi Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola ukuthi yini ekusisiza ukubhekana nokungabaza nokukhathazeka okuza ne-cancer diagnosis. Kuze kube yilapho, ungase uthole ukuthi kusiza ukuba:
• Funda okwanele mayelana ne-sarcoma ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana ne-cancer yakho, kufaka phakathi imiphumela yokuhlola kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, futhi, uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okuningi mayelana ne-cancer, ungase ube nokukhathazeka okukhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelapha.
• Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukubhekana ne-cancer yakho. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhuluphuka yi-cancer.
• Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokukhathazeka kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ilungu le-clergy noma iqembu lokusekela i-cancer kungase kube usizo. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana namaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Ezinye imithombo yolwazi ihlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute ne-American Cancer Society. Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokukhathazeka kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ilungu le-clergy noma iqembu lokusekela i-cancer kungase kube usizo. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana namaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Ezinye imithombo yolwazi ihlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute ne-American Cancer Society.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola okuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nokungabaza nokuhlupheka okuhambisana nokuxilongwa komdlavuza. Kuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ungase uthole ukuthi kusiza ukuba: Ufunde okwanele nge-sarcoma ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho. Buza udokotela wakho ngomdlavuza wakho, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, futhi, uma uthanda, isiprognosi sakho. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe ngomdlavuza, ungase ube nokukhathazeka okwengeziwe ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelashwa. Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nomdlavuza wakho. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo ozosikudinga, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangasebenza njengokusekela ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa uhlulekile ngumdlavuza. Thola umuntu okukhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ilungu lebandla noma iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza kungase futhi kube usizo. Buza udokotela wakho ngamaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Ezinye imithombo yolwazi ihlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute ne-American Cancer Society.