Ukuhlupheka Ngokwezimo Zomuntu Oqaphileyo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kuyisimo sengqondo lapho umuntu ehlala ekhetha ukuba yedwa futhi enomdla omncane wobuhlobo obuseduze nabanye. Abantu abanesimo esinjalo bavame ukubonakala bekude ngokomzwelo noma behlukile, kodwa lokhu akuyona into abayikhethayo ukulimaza abanye.

Leli phethini livame ukubonakala ekuqaleni kokukhula komuntu futhi lithinta indlela umuntu acabanga, azizwa, futhi ahlobane nezwe elimazungezile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo akusho ukuthi umuntu 'aphukile' noma akakwazi ukuphila impilo egcwele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zikhungethwe ekuthandeni okukhulu ukuba yedwa nokubonisa imizwelo emincane. Lezi azilona izigaba zesikhashana kodwa yizindlela ezihlala zikhona iminyaka eminingi.

Nazi izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abazibheka:

• Ukukhetha okukhulu imisebenzi yedwa kunayo yonke imisebenzi yomphakathi
• Ukufisa okuncane noma akukho lutho lobuhlobo obuseduze noma ubuhlobo bomthandazo
• Ubuningi obuncane bokuvezwa kwemizwelo ezimweni zomphakathi
• Ukubonakala unganaki udumo noma ukugxeka kwabanye
• Ukubona imizwelo enamandla njengentukuthelo noma injabulo
• Umnandi omncane ekuhlanganyeleni kobulili nabanye
• Ukufumana imisebenzi embalwa eyonwabile ngempela

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abanye abantu bangase baphile lokho ochwepheshe abakubiza ngokuthi 'ukucabanga okumangalisa' noma okuhlangenwe nakho okungavamile kokubona, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi lezi zimpawu zibangela inselele enkulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke noma ebuhlotsheni.

Yini ebangela ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Izimbangela ezichwepheshile azikaphelelwa, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe luvela ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezihlobene nezakhiwo, ezokuziphatha, nezengqondo. Akukho sizathu esisodwa esibangela leli simo.

Izinto eziningi zingase zinikele ekuthuthukiseni kwalo:

• Ukutheleleka kwezakhiwo - ukuba namalungu omndeni anemiphumela yomuntu noma i-schizophrenia
• Imiphumela yokuqala yobunye njengokunakekelwa okungekho ngokomzwelo noma ukunakekelwa okungalingani
• Ukwahluka kwesakhiwo sengqondo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphatha imizwelo nezimpawu zomphakathi
• Izinto zokuziphatha ezikhona kusukela ekuzalweni, njengokuba ngokwemvelo ungaphenduli ekusikisela komphakathi
• Izimo zezenhlalo noma zomndeni ezikhuthaza ukuvezwa kwemizwelo

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise izinhlupheko zangaphambi kokuzalwa, ukulimala kwengqondo ekuqaleni, noma ukulimala okukhulu komphakathi phakathi nezinyanga ezibalulekile zokukhula. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nalezi zinto ezingozi ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa leli simo, okubonisa ukuthi izimbangela zinzima kangakanani ngempela.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela ngenxa yokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Kufanele ucabangele ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe uma ukhetha ukuba yedwa kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu emsebenzini wakho, ebuhlotsheni, noma ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo abafuni ukwelashwa ngokwabo ngoba ngokuvamile bayaneliswa yindlela yabo yokuphila.

Nazi ezinye izimo lapho ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kungase kube usizo:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwakho kukuvimbela ekuhlangatsheni imisebenzi yempilo yansuku zonke
• Amalungu omndeni noma abaphathi bakhombisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuhoxa kwakho emphakathini
• Uhlangabezana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ezinye izimpawu zempilo yengqondo kanye nokuhlukana komphakathi
• Ufuna ukwakha ubuhlobo obuseduze kodwa uzizwa ungakwazi ukwenza kanjalo
• Ucabanga ngokulimala kwakho noma ukuzibulala

Khumbula, ukufuna usizo akusho ukuthi kufanele ube umuntu ohlukile. Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angakusiza ukuthi uqhubeke nezinselele ngenkathi uhlonipha izintandokazi zakho zemvelo nobuntu bakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi zokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Izinto ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba okuthuthukisa leli simo, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothuthukisa ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi nini umuntu angase azuze ekusekelweni ekuqaleni.

Izinto ezingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni we-schizophrenia, ezinye izimo zomuntu, noma isifo sengqondo esibuhlungu
• Ukwenqatshwa komzwelo wobunye noma ukuba nabaphathi abangatholakali ngokomzwelo
• Ukukhula emindenini engakhuthazi ukuvezwa kwemizwelo noma ukusebenzisana komphakathi
• Ukuba ngokwemvelo ungumuntu ongaxhumene nomphakathi noma onomzwelo ekusikiselelweni komphakathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula
• Ukuhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa komphakathi noma ukucwaswa phakathi neminyaka ebalulekile yokukhula

Ezinye izinto ezingozi ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise ukulimala okukhulu kwempilo ekuqaleni, ukungena esibhedlela isikhathi eside phakathi nobunye, noma ukukhula ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwahluka okuthile kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okukhona kusukela ekuzalweni kungase kwenze umuntu abe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa leli phethini lokuhlangana nabanye.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zibe khona zokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo baphila impilo eqondile, leli simo lingakha izinselele ezithile ezithinta inhlala-kahle yonke. Lezi zinhlupheko zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingase zingabonakali ngokushesha.

Izinhlupheko ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuhlala usebenza okudinga umsebenzi woqembu noma ukusebenzisana namakhasimende
• Inethiwekhi encane yokusekela yomphakathi ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma ukugula
• Izinselele zokufinyelela ezinsizweni zezempilo ngenxa yokungathandi ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe bezempilo
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukucindezeleka noma izifo zokukhathazeka
• Ubunzima ngezinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila ezidinga ukusebenzisana komphakathi
• Amathuba okusebenzisa izidakamizwa njengendlela yokubhekana nokungabi namizwelo

Izinhlupheko ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima kakhulu zingase zihlanganise ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi okuphelele okubangela ukunakekelwa kwezidingo eziyisisekelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izimo zomuntu, noma ukwanda kengozi yezehlakalo ze-psychotic ezimweni ezingavamile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokusekelwa okufanele, izinhlupheko eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle.

Ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukuqonda kuhilela ukulinganiswa okuphelele ochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, ngokuvamile udokotela wezengqondo noma i-psychologist. Ayikho ivivi elilodwa lezimpawu zomuntu, ngakho inqubo ithembela ezingxoxweni ezinemininingwane nokubukwa isikhathi eside.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Izingxoxo ezinemininingwane yomlando siqu nomlando womndeni
• Ukulinganiswa kwezimpawu zamanje nokuthi zibukhona isikhathi esingakanani
• Ukulinganiswa kokuthi izimpawu zithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwansuku zonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuvimbela ezinye izimo
• Ukuhlolwa kwempilo ukuvimbela izimbangela zokwenyama

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basebenzisa izindinganiso ezithile ezivela ezikhathini zokuxilonga, okudinga ukuthi izimpawu zibe khona iminyaka eminingi futhi zibangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Bazofuna futhi ukuvimbela ezinye izimo njengokucindezeleka, izifo ze-autism spectrum, noma ukukhathazeka komphakathi okungase kubonakale kufana ngaphandle.

Ukuphathwa kokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo yikuphi?

Ukuphathwa kugxile ekusikuseni ukusebenza kangcono ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenkathi uhlonipha izintandokazi zakho zemvelo zokuba yedwa. Umgomo awukona ukukuphoqa ukuba ube nomphakathi kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho ukuthuthukisa amakhono okwenza ukusebenzisana komphakathi okudingekayo kube lula.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-psychotherapy yomuntu siqu ukuthuthukisa amasu angcono okubhekana nezinselele namakhono okuxhumana
• I-cognitive behavioral therapy ukubhekana nanoma yimiphi imiqondo emibi
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi ezindaweni ezinomoya ophansi, ezihleliwe
• Imithi yanoma yimiphi imiphumela ehambisana nezinye izimo njengokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• I-group therapy eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile abantu abanezinselele ezifanayo

Abanye abantu bazuza ezindleleni ezikhethekile njenge-dialectical behavior therapy noma i-schema therapy, ezigxile ekuqondeni nasekuthuthukiseni kancane kancane izindlela ezihlala zikhona. Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho umuntu ehlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile zokubona, imithi ye-antipsychotic encinyane ingase icatshangelwe.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo ekhaya?

Amasu okuzinakekela kwansuku zonke angakusiza ukuba ugcine inhlala-kahle yakho ngenkathi uhlonipha isidingo sakho sokuhlala yedwa. Umgomo ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kwezintandokazi zakho zemvelo nezimfuno eziyisisekelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Amasu okulawula ekhaya awusizo ahlanganisa:

• Ukwakha amasiko ahlanganisa ukusebenzisana komphakathi okuncane kodwa okudingekayo
• Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuhlala uxhumene nabanye lapho ukubona ubuso nobuso kuzwakala kukhulu kakhulu
• Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yedwa ekulethela ukwaneliseka okuyiqiniso
• Ukubekela imigomo yomphakathi emincane, efinyeleleka kunokuzame ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu
• Ukufunda ukuqaphela nokuvezwa kwezidingo zakho eziyisisekelo zomzwelo
• Ukudala indawo yokuhlala ethulile, enethezekile esekela inhlala-kahle yakho

Khumbula ukuthi intuthuko ingase ibonakale ihlukile kuwe kunabanye. Izinyathelo ezincane zokuzihlangula kangcono nokuhlangana komphakathi ngezikhathi ezithile kungenza umehluko obalulekile ezingeni lokuphila kwakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ulwazi olusizo kakhulu nokusekelwa. Abantu abaningi abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo bafumana i-aphoyintimenti yezokwelapha iyingozi, ngakho-ke ukulungiselela kubalulekile kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, cabanga ngalokhu:

• Ukubhala phansi izinkathazo zakho eziyinhloko nemibuzo ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ukubala noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile nokuthi uzibone isikhathi esingakanani
• Ukuzisa ulwazi ngomlando wezempilo yengqondo yomndeni wakho
• Ukuphawula noma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithatha njengamanje
• Ukucabanga ngezimo ezithile lapho izimpawu zakho zibangela khona izinkinga
• Ukucabanga ukuthi ungathanda yini umuntu othembekile akuhambisane nawe

Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nezimpendulo eziphelele kuyo yonke imibuzo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uyaqonda ukuthi ukuxoxa ngezindaba zomuntu siqu kungaba nzima, futhi uqeqeshwe ukusebenza nabantu abafumana ukusebenzisana komphakathi kunzima.

Iyini into ebalulekile ngokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kuyisimo sengqondo sokuqiniswa esithinta indlela umuntu ahlobana ngayo nabanye futhi ehlangabezana nemizwelo. Akuyona into yokukhetha noma iphutha lobuntu, futhi abantu abanesimo esinjalo bangaphila impilo enenjongo ngokusekelwa okufanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ukuthi ukwelashwa kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila, hhayi ukushintsha ubuntu bomuntu. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, abantu abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo bangathuthukisa amakhono okuqhuba izimo zomphakathi ezidingekayo ngenkathi begcina indlela yabo yokuphila abayithandayo.

Uma uqaphela lezi zindlela kuwe noma kumuntu omkhathalelayo, khumbula ukuthi usizo luyatholakala. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangakunikeza amasu nokusekelwa okuhlonipha ukwahluka komuntu siqu ngenkathi bebhekana nanoma yiziphi izinselele ezivela.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngokuhlephuka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo

Ingabe ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kufana ne-schizophrenia?

Cha, lezi yizimo ezihlukile ngokuphelele naphezu kwamagama afanayo. I-Schizophrenia ihilela izimpawu ze-psychotic njenge-hallucinations ne-delusions, kuyilapho ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kuqondwa ngokuhoxa komphakathi nokubonisa imizwelo emincane. Abantu abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo ngokuvamile abanawo amaphutha ekuqondeni.

Ingabe abantu abanesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo bangaba nobuhlobo?

Yebo, nakuba ubuhlobo bungase bubehlukile kunamaphethini avamile. Abanye abantu abanesimo esinjalo bakha ubuhlobo obuseduze, ngokuvamile nabantu abambalwa nje abayaqonda futhi bahlonipha isidingo sabo sesikhala. Umgomo ukufumana ubuhlobo obungazweli ukucindezela noma ukufuna okukhulu.

Ingabe ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kuphatheka?

Nakuba izimo zomuntu zizimo zesikhathi eside, ukwelashwa kungasiza ngokuqinisekile ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila nokusebenza. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amasu okubhekana nezinselele, amakhono okuxhumana, nezindlela zokulawula noma yiziphi izimpawu ezicindezelayo. Umgomo ukusebenza kangcono, hhayi ukushintsha ubuntu.

Ingabe abantwana bangaba nesimo sokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Izimo zomuntu ngokuvamile azixilongwa kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhula noma ekuqaleni kokukhula komuntu ngoba ubuntu lusathuthuka kubantwana. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantwana bangase babonise izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuhoxa komphakathi noma ukubonisa imizwelo emincane okungase kuzuze ekusekelweni kochwepheshe nasekuhlanganyeleni.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuba ungumuntu ongaxhumene nomphakathi nokuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo?

Ukuba ungumuntu ongaxhumene nomphakathi kuyisici sobuntu esivamile lapho umuntu ekhetha khona imisebenzi ethulile futhi udinga isikhathi sodwa ukuze aphumule. Ukuhlupheka ngokwezimo zomuntu oqaphileyo kuhilela iphethini ekhulu lapho umuntu enomdla omncane noma akukho lutho lobuhlobo obuseduze futhi ebonisa ukubonisa imizwelo emincane, ngokuvamile kubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.