Ukuhlupheka Kwe-Schizophrenia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Schizophrenia yisimo esibuhlungu sempilo yengqondo esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo imicabango, imizwelo, kanye nokubona. Kungakubangela ukuthi ubone iqiniso ngendlela ehlukile kunabanye abantu abakuzungezile, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nokuzwa izwi, ukuba nezimfundiso ezingavamile, noma ukuhluleka ukuhlela imicabango yakho.

Leli simo liqala ngokuvamile ebudaleni obukhulu kuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30 futhi lithinta cishe umuntu omunye kwabayi-100 emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba i-schizophrenia isimo esiphila impilo yonke, abantu abaningi baphila ukuphila okufezekile ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokwesekwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi kuhilelani kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwesaba nokuhlukunyezwa ngesikhathi sikunika amandla wena noma abathandekayo bakho ukufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Iyini i-schizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia yisifo sobuchopho esingapheli esiphazamisa indlela ingqondo yakho eyaqonda ngayo iqiniso. Iyingxenye yeqembu lezimimo ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo ze-psychotic, okusho ukuthi ingakubangela ukulahlekelwa ubuhlobo nalokho okuyiqiniso okuzungezile.

Cabanga ngebuchopho bakho njengoba uneminye imisebenzi ehlukene ekusisiza ukucabanga, ukuzwa, nokubona izwe. Ku-schizophrenia, le misebenzi ayixhumani kahle. Lokhu kungaxhumani kahle kwenza izimpawu ongazibona, njengokuva izinto abanye abantu abazizwayo noma ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso.

Leli simo libathinta bonke ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezilula eziya futhi ziye, kanti abanye babhekana nezinselele eziningi. Okubalulekile ukuthi i-schizophrenia yisimo sezokwelapha, hhayi iphutha lomlingiswa noma into ongaqeda nje ngokuyicisha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-schizophrenia?

Izimpawu ze-schizophrenia ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu eziyinhloko, futhi ungase ube nazo zonke noma ezinye zazo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma zivele ngokuzumayo.

Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “izimpawu ezinhle,” okusho okuhlangenwe nakho okwengeziwe ekubuneni kwakho okuvamile:

• Ukubona izinto ezingaphili: Ungase uzwe izwi lapho kungekho muntu okhulumayo, ubona izinto abanye abaziboni, noma uzwe imizwa olukwesikhumba yakho engaphili
• Ukukholelwa okungeyona inhliziyo: Ungase ube nokukholelwa okuqinile okubukeka kungavamile noma kungelona iqiniso kwabanye, njengokucinga ukuthi othile ukulabele noma ukuthi unezikhono ezikhethekile
• Ukucabanga okungahleliwe: Imicabango yakho ingase ihudule kusuka kwesinye isihloko siye kwesinye ngezindlela ezingaqondakali kwabanye, noma ungase udale amagama amasha
• Ukuziphatha okungavamile: Ungase uziphathe ngezindlela ezibukeka zingevamile kwabanye, njengokugqoka amakhodi abunzima ehlobo noma ukuhamba ngezindlela eziphindaphindayo

Iqembu lesibili lihilela "izimpawu ezimbi," okusho ukungabikho kokuziphatha okuvamile nemizwelo:

• Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwemizwelo: Ungase ukhulume ngezwi eliqondile noma ubonise ukubonakaliswa kobuso olunciphile kunokujwayelekile
• Ukunciphisa isisusa: Ukuqala noma ukuqeda imisebenzi kungase kuzwakale kunzima kakhulu, ngisho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukukhipha umphakathi: Ungase ulahlekelwe isithakazelo sokuchitha isikhathi nabangane nomndeni
• Ukunciphisa inkulumo: Ungase ukhulume kancane kunangaphambili noma unikeze izimpendulo ezifushane kakhulu zemibuzo
• Ubunzima bokuzwa injabulo: Imisebenzi owayujabulela ngaphambili ingase ingasakuletheli injabulo

Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa izimpawu eziqondakalayo eziqeda amakhono akho okucabanga:

• Izinkinga zememori: Ungase ube nobunzima bokuqonda izehlakalo zakamuva noma ugcine ulwazi
• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile: Ukuhlala ugxile emisebenzini, ukufunda, noma ukulandela ingxoxo kungase kube nzima
• Izinkinga zokwenza izinqumo: Izinqumo ezilula zingase zibe nzima noma zidide

Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bahlushwa ikakhulukazi yizinhlamvu nokuqamba amanga, kanti abanye balwela kakhulu ngesifiso nokuxhumana nabantu. Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nokuhlangenwe nakho okukodwa noma okubili akusikho isisho sokuthi unayo i-schizophrenia.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-schizophrenia?

Odokotela babekade behlukanisa i-schizophrenia zibe izinhlobo ezithile, kodwa manje bayibona njengesimo esisodwa esinezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda izigaba zasendulo kusengakusiza ukuthi ubone izindlela ezahlukene zezimpawu.

Ngaphambili, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zazifaka i-schizophrenia ehlala ekuqambeni amanga (egxile ekuqambeni amanga nasezinhlamvini), i-schizophrenia engalungile (ephawulwa ukucabanga okuphazamisekile nokukhuluma), ne-schizophrenia ye-catatonic (efaka izindlela ezingavamile zokunyakaza). Namuhla, odokotela bagxila kakhulu ekutheni yiziphi izimpawu ozibhekana nazo kunokukufaka esigabeni esithile.

Udokotela wakho angase akhulume nezinye izimo ezihlobene njenge-schizoaffective disorder, ehlanganisa izimpawu ze-schizophrenia nezigaba zemoto, noma i-brief psychotic disorder, efaka isikhathi esifushane sezimo ze-psychotic. Isipiliyoni somuntu ngamunye sihlukile, futhi ukwelashwa kulungiswa ngokulandelana kwezimpawu zakho ezithile.

Yini ebangela i-schizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia ithuthukiswa yindlela ehlukahlukene yezinto ezihlobene nezinto eziphathelene ne-genetic, ubuchopho, kanye nezimo ezingqongile ezisebenza ndawonye. Akukho sizathu esisodwa esenza lesi simo, kungakho abacwaningi beqhubeka becwaninga ukuthi lezi zinto ezahlukene zihlangana kanjani.

I-genes yakho idlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa ayisho yonke indaba. Uma unembeleko noma umfowenu onesi-schizophrenia, ingozi yakho iyanda cishe ibe yi-10%, uma iqhathaniswa ne-1% kubantu abavamile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanomakhelwane abane-schizophrenia abayithuthukisi.

Ukwahluka kwesakhiwo ne-chemistry yengqondo kuphinde kuhlanganyele ekuguleni kwe-schizophrenia. Ubuchopho bakho busebenzisa izithunywa zekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-neurotransmitters ukuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamaselula ezinzwa. Ku-schizophrenia, ukulingana kwalezi zinto zekhemikhali, ikakhulukazi i-dopamine ne-glutamate, kuyahlupheka.

Izici eziningi zezindawo ezingqongile zingase ziqalise i-schizophrenia kubantu abasengozini kakade:

• Izici zangaphambi kokuzalwa: Ukutheleleka, ukungondliwa kahle, noma ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungase kukhulise ingozi
• Ubunzima bokuzalwa: Ukungabi nayo i-oksijini ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kudlale indima
• Ukulimala kwasebuntwaneni: Ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo, ngokomzimba, noma ngokobulili kungase kukhulise ubuthakathaka
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cannabis phakathi nokuthomba, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo eziphezulu ze-THC, kungase kuqalise izimpawu kubantu abathintekayo
• Izici zenhlalo: Ukuphila edolobheni, ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe, nokuzihlukanisa komphakathi kungase kuhlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka okungaphelile ngezikhathi zokuthuthukiswa kobuningi bobuchopho kungase kukhulise ingozi

Imicimbi yokuphila ecindezelayo ngokuvamile iza ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuqala se-schizophrenia. Lezi zingase zihlanganise ukulahlekelwa othandekayo, izinkinga zobuhlobo, noma izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila. Noma kunjalo, ukucindezeleka kudwa akuyikubangela i-schizophrenia kubantu abangasekho engcupheni.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-schizophrenia?

Kufanele ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo ehlangabezana ne-hallucinations, ama-delusions, noma ebonisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ubuhlobo nobunyani. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokwelashwa nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha uma ubona lezi zibonakaliso zexwayiso zithuthuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma eminyakeni embalwa: ukuzwa izwi abanye abangalizwanga, ukukholelwa ezintweni abanye abazithola zikhathazayo, ukukhuluma ngezindlela ezingqondiki kwabanye, noma ukuzisusa ngokuphelele emisebenzini yomphakathi. Ukushintsha kokuzilungisa komuntu siqu, izindlela zokulala, noma ikhono lokusebenza emsebenzini noma esikoleni kuphinde kufune ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe.

Uma othile ekhuluma ngokulimala kwabo noma kwabanye, noma uma ukuziphatha kwabo kubonakala kuyingozi, ungalindi. Shaya izingcingo zezimo eziphuthumayo noma uhambe egumbini eliseduze lemiphumela ngokushesha. Izingozi zempilo yengqondo zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo okufanayo nezingozi zomzimba.

Iyini imikhakha yezingozi yeschizophrenia?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula i-schizophrenia, nakuba ukuba nemikhakha yezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile le simo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngempilo yakho.

Imikhakha yezingozi ebaluleke kakhulu ifaka:

• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nomuntu osondelene nawe one-schizophrenia kukwandisa ingozi yakho, kanti amawele afanayo abonisa ubudlelwano obukhulu kunabo bonke
• Iminyaka: Izimpawu ngokuvamile zivele ekupheleni kweminyaka yobusha kuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30, amadoda avame ukuthola izimpawu ngaphambi kwabesifazane
• Ikhemikhali yengqondo: Ukungalingani kwe-neurotransmitters njenge-dopamine ne-glutamate kuhlanganyela ekukhuleni kwesimpawu
• Ukuziphatha okubi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ukondleka okungalungile, ukutheleleka, noma ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungase kukhulise ingozi yengane kamuva
• Izimo ze-autoimmune: Ukuba nezifo ezithile ze-autoimmune kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho kancane

Ezinye izici ezingase zihlanganyele zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa: Ukusebenzisa i-marijuana njalo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu, phakathi nokuthomba kungase kuqalise izimpawu kubantu abasengozini
• Indawo yedolobha: Ukukhula ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kubonisa ubudlelwane obuncane nokungena engozini ephakeme
• Ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi: Ukungabi naboxhumano bomphakathi kungase kuhlanganyele ekukhuleni kwezimpawu
• Isimo sokufika ezweni: Abantu abafikayo nesizukulwane sesibili babonisa amazinga aphakeme kancane
• Ukuzalwa ebusika: Ukudalwa ezinyangeni zasebusika kubonisa ukwanda okuncane kwezibalo engozini

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici eziningi ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzophuka i-schizophrenia. Abantu abaningi abanazo izici eziningi ezingozi abazange baphatheke izimpawu, kanti abanye abanazo izici eziningi ezingozi bayithola le meko.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-schizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ezihlasela izindawo ezahlukene zokuphila kwakho, kepha eziningi zalezi zingavinjelwa noma ziphathwe ngokwelashwa okulungile nokwesekwa. Ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukusebenzisana ukuze nizivimbe.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukungena engozini yokuzibulala: Abantu abane-schizophrenia banengozi enkulu yokuzibulala, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemuva kokuxilongwa
• Izenzo zokulimaza: Abanye abantu bangase bazilimaze ngesikhathi seziqephu ze-psychotic noma ngenxa yokucindezeleka
• Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa: Ungase uphendukele e-alchoholi noma ezidakamizweni ukuze ubhekane nezimpawu, okungase kubangele ukuba isimo sakho sibe sibi
• Ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi: Ubuhlobo nomndeni nabangane bungase bube buhlungu noma bulahleke
• Ukungenakhaya: Ubunzima bokuhlala endlini bungase bube khona ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusekela ezifanele

Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezingase zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima ekusebenzeni: Izimpawu zengqondo zingenza kube nzima ukugcina umsebenzi ozinzile
• Izinkinga zemfundo: Abafundi bangase bazizwe behluleka ukuqedela izifundo noma izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa
• Ubunzima bezezimali: Ukwehla kwamandla okusebenza kungabangela ubunzima bezezimali
• Izinkinga zomthetho: Ukuphatha okungavamile phakathi nezikhathi ze-psychotic kungabangela izinkinga zomthetho
• Izinkinga zempilo yomzimba: Ukungazinakekeli kungabangela izimo eziningi zezokwelapha
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi: Amanye amaphilisi angabangela ukwanda kwesisindo, isifo sikashukela, noma izifo zokunyakaza

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ezinamandla. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

I-schizophrenia ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia kuhilela ukuhlolwa okubanzi ngumuntu oqeqeshwe ngokwengqondo, njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa olulodwa olungaqinisekisa le simo. Udokotela wakho uzoqoqa ulwazi ezinsizweni eziningi ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okuchaneka.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ivame ukuqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando womndeni wakho. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini, indlela ezikuthinte ngayo impilo yakho yansuku zonke, nokuthi ufake yini izinto ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Ukuze uxilongwe nge-schizophrenia, kufanele ube uhlushwe okungenani ezimbili zalezi zimpawu isikhathi eside inyanga eyodwa: ama-delusions, ama-hallucinations, inkulumo engahleliwe, ukuziphatha okungahleliwe noma okungapheli, noma izimpawu ezimbi. Izimpawu zakho kufanele futhi zithinte kakhulu ikhono lakho lokusebenza emsebenzini, ubudlelwano, noma ukunakekela kwakho okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Udokotela wakho uzophinde akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo:

• Izivivinyo zezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, noma ezinye izivivinyo zingase ziqonde izimo zezokwelapha ezingafana ne-schizophrenia
• Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ne-alukholi kungabangela izimpawu ze-psychotic ezifana ne-schizophrenia
• Ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo: I-Bipolar disorder, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma ezinye izimo kungadingeka kuqale kuqale
• Imiphumela yemithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-schizophrenia

Inkqubo yokuhlola ingase ithathe ama-aphoyintimenti amaningana, njengoba udokotela wakho efuna ukubona izimpawu zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi aqoqe ulwazi ezihlotsheni noma kubangane uma unikeza imvume. Le ndlela ephelele iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nelenani lokwelapha elifanele.

Iyini impilo ye-schizophrenia?

Ukuphathwa kwe-schizophrenia kuvame ukubandakanya ukuxubana kwemithi kanye ne-psychotherapy, okuhlanganiswe nezimpawu zakho ezithile nezidingo. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa, abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia baphila impilo ezele ngokwelashwa okuhle nokusekelwa.

Imithi ye-antipsychotic yisisekelo sokwelapha kwabantu abaningi. Le mithi iyasiza ukulinganisa amakhemikhali engqondo nokunciphisa izimpawu ezifana ne-hallucinations ne-delusions. Udokotela wakho angase azama imithi ehlukene ukuthola eyasebenza kangcono kuwe ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.

I-antipsychotics yesizukulwane sokuqala ihlanganisa imithi efana ne-haloperidol ne-chlorpromazine. Le mithi endala ingasebenza kodwa ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi ehlobene nokuhamba. I-antipsychotics yesizukulwane sesibili, njenge-risperidone, i-olanzapine, ne-aripiprazole, ngokuvamile ine-side effects encane yokuhamba kodwa ingase ibe nokukhulu kwesisindo noma ukushintsha kwe-metabolic.

I-psychotherapy idlala indima ebalulekile ehleni lakho lokwelapha:

• Ukwelashwa ngokuziphatha nangokucabanga (CBT): Kukusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe izindlela zokucabanga eziholela ezimpahleni
• Ukwelashwa komndeni: Kuhilela abathandekayo bakho ekwelapheni ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokwesekwa
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi: Kufundisa amakhono asebenzayo wokusebenzelana kwansuku zonke nobuhlobo
• Ukulungiswa kobuchopho: Kugxila ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokukhumbula, ukunaka, namandla okuxazulula izinkinga
• Ukwelashwa ngabanye: Kunikeza indawo ephephile yokuxoxa ngamava akho nokuthuthukisa amasu okubhekana nezimo

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Izinhlelo zokuvuselela: Zikusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono emisebenzi nokuphila okukhulu
• Amaqembu wokusekela: Akuxhumanisa nabanye abaqonda amava akho
• Ukwelashwa ngogesi (ECT): Kungacatshangelwa ezimweni ezinzima ezingaphenduli ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Ukukhathalela okukhethekile oluhlanganisiwe: Luhlanganisa imithi, ukwelashwa, ukuphathwa kwekesi, nokwesekwa komndeni

Ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu uma kuqalwa ngokushesha futhi kuqhubeka njalo. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizosisebenza nawe ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka, futhi ukuphulukisa kuwumkhondo oqhubekayo obonakala ngokuhlukile kubantu bonke.

Indlela yokuphatha isikiwofu ekhaya?

Ukuphatha isikiwofu ekhaya kuhilela ukwakha ubuhle, ukugcina imikhuba enempilo, nokukwakha izinhlelo zokusekela ezinamandla. Lezi zindlela zingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho kanye nokwelashwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuqamba amasiko emisi yonke kunikeza ukuzinza futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka. Zama ukuvuka uhambe ulele ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, udle ukudla okuvamile, bese uhlela imisebenzi enikeza usuku lwakho isikhungo. Ngisho namasiko alula njengokulungisa umbhede wakho noma ukuhamba nsuku zonke kungakwazi ukunikeza umuzwa wokugcwaliseka nokujwayelekile.

Ukukhathalela impilo yakho yomzimba kusekela impilo yakho yengqondo:

• Thatha imithi njengoba kulotshiwe: Ungawashiyi ama-doses noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala
• Thola ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Ngisho nemisebenzi ezwelayo njengokuhamba ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo
• Dla ukudla okunomsoco: Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta isisindo nokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke gxila ekudleni okuqondile
• Beka phambili ubuthongo: Hlose amahora angu-7-9 obuthongo ubusuku ngabunye futhi ugcine isimiso sokulala esiqondile
• Gwema izinto ezilimazayo: Utywala nezidakamizwa zingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi futhi zihlangane nemithi

Ukuklama nokugcina ubuhlobo bomphakathi kubalulekile ekuphileni kwakho okuhle:

• Hlala uxhumene nomndeni nabangane abasekelayo: Ukuxhumana okuvamile kusiza ekuqedeni ukungabi nandaba
• Joyina amaqembu wokusekela: Ukuxhumana nabanye abanamakhono afanayo kungaba usizo kakhulu
• Hlanganyela emisebenzini enenjongo: Umsebenzi wokuzithandela, izinto ozithandayo, noma umsebenzi wesikhashana kungakwazi ukunikeza injongo
• Zama ukuphatha ukucindezeleka: Funda amasu okuphumula, ukucamngca, noma ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka

Ukudala indawo yasekhaya ephephile futhi esekelayo kuhlanganisa ukususa izinto ezingase zibangele izinkinga, ukugcina ulwazi loxhumano oluphuthumayo lufinyeleleka kalula, nokuba necebo lokuphatha izimo ezibucayi. Khumbula ukuthi ukuphatha i-schizophrenia kuyimisebenzi yeqembu ehlanganisa wena, abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo, kanye nethimba lakho lokusekela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokulungisa imicabango yakho nolwazi ngaphambili kungenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe nomphumela ongcono kuwe nakuhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi zenzeka nini. Faka imininingwane mayelana nalokho okuziqalisa, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi zithinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Uma uzwa izwi noma unemicabango engaqondakali, qaphela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka nini nokuthi kuhilelani, ngisho noma kuzwakala kungekuhle ukukhuluma ngakho.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ozoletha nawe:

• Imithi yamanje: Bala yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho oyithathayo
• Umbiko wezokwelapha: Faka noma iyiphi impilo yengqondo yangaphambili, ukungena esibhedlela, noma izimo zezokwelapha
• Umbiko womndeni: Qaphela noma yibaphi abantu bomndeni abake baba nezimo zempilo yengqondo
• Idayari yezimpawu: Landelela izimpawu zakho, isimo sengqondo, ukulala, nokusebenza kwansuku zonke amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhambela kwakho
• Uhlu lwemibuzo: Bhala konke ofuna ukubuza udokotela wakho

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni othembekile noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinguquko abazibonile, bakusize ukukhumbula lokho udokotela akushoyo, futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esingase sibe yingxoxo enzima.

Lungiselela ukuxoxa ngezinhloso zakho zokwelashwa nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo ozinayo mayelana nemithi noma ukwelashwa. Yiba eqotho nganoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njengoba lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuphepheni kwakho nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa. Khumbula ukuthi iqembu lakho lezempilo lilapho ukukusiza, hhayi ukukwahlulela, futhi uma uqotho kakhulu, uzothola ukunakekelwa okungcono.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-schizophrenia?

Ubuhlungu bokucindezeleka kwengqondo (Schizophrenia) luyisimo esinzima kodwa esingaphatheka esempilweni yengqondo esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo iqiniso. Nakuba kungaba nzima ukuhlala nalo, abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia bahlala impilo enenjongo, enenzuzo ngokwelashwa okulungile nokwesekwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma wena noma othile omkhulekelayo uhlushwa izimpawu ezinjengokuqabuka, ukukhohlisa, noma ukushintsha okukhulu ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni, funa usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo banokwelashwa okuphumelelayo okukhona, futhi ukuqala ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ukuvimbela izinkinga nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesikhathi eside.

Ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ekuhlushweni yi-schizophrenia kungenzeka, nakuba kungase kubehlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu baye baba nempumuzo ephelele ezimpawu, kanti abanye bafunda ukuphatha izimpawu zabo ngokuphumelelayo ngenkathi belandela imigomo yabo futhi belondoloza ubuhlobo. Ikhona ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuthatha imithi njengoba kulotshiwe, nokukwakha inethiwekhi eqinile yokusekela yomndeni, abangane, nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo abaqonda uhambo lwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-schizophrenia

Ingakwelashwa ngokuphelele yini i-schizophrenia?

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia, lesi simo singaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa okulungile. Abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia baye baba nokuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpawu zabo nasekhwalithi yempilo ngemithi, ukuqeqeshwa, nokwesekwa. Abanye abantu banezikhathi ezinde ngezimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezingekho, kanti abanye bafunda ukuphatha izimpawu zabo ngenkathi bephila impilo ezele.

Ingabe i-schizophrenia ifana nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu abaningi?

Cha, i-schizophrenia ayilona i-disorder yokuba nobuntu obuningi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso eliqondile elingandisa ukwenziwa kabi. I-disorder yokuba nobuntu obuningi, manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-dissociative identity disorder, ihilela ukuba nezimo zobuntu ezihlukile. I-Schizophrenia ihilela izimpawu ezinjengokuhlangenwe nakho okungelona iqiniso, ukukhohlisa, nokucabanga okungahambi kahle, kodwa abantu abane-schizophrenia bagcina olunye ubuzwe oluzinzile. Ukuxakeka kuvela egazini elithi "schizo," elithi "ukwahlukanisa," kodwa lokhu kubhekisela ekuhlukeni eqinisweni, hhayi ekuhlukeni kobuntu.

Bangasebenza yini noma baye esikoleni abantu abane-schizophrenia?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia bangasebenza noma baye esikoleni, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokwesekwa. Abanye abantu baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo yangaphambili, kanti abanye bangadinga ukulungiswa noma bakhethe izindlela ezihlukile ezihambisana kangcono nezimpawu zabo. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela umsebenzi zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono emisebenzi, futhi izinsizakalo zokusekela imfundo zingasiza emicimbini yemfundo. Ikhona ukufumana izindawo ezisekelayo futhi eziqonda izidingo zakho ngenkathi uphatha izimpawu zakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngizoyidlulisela yini i-schizophrenia kubantwana bami?

Ukuba ne-schizophrenia kukhuphula ingozi kubantwana bakho, kodwa abantwana abaningi babazali abane-schizophrenia abayitholi le meko. Uma omunye umzali enes-schizophrenia, ingozi yengane cishe i-10-15%, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-1% kubantu abavamile. Uma bobabili abazali benes-schizophrenia, ingozi ikhuphuka iye ku-40%. Kodwa-ke, i-genetics iyisici esisodwa kuphela, futhi imiphumela yemvelo idlala indima ebalulekile. Uma uhlela ukuba nabantwana, ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nomxhumanisi we-genetic noma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kungakusiza ukuqonda izingozi nokwenza izinqumo ezilwemi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia kuvame ukuphila ubomi bonke, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi uzohlale udinga ukwelashwa okukhulu. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuthatha imithi unomphela ukuvimbela ukubuyela kwemizimba, kufana nendlela abantu abanesifo sikashukela abadinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuqhubekayo. Noma kunjalo, amandla okwelashwa angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu badinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe phakathi kwezinkathi ezithile kanti abanye badinga ukwesekwa okuncane. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzoshintshwa njengoba izidingo zakho zishintsha, futhi abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuphatha i-schizophrenia kuya lula futhi kube yinto ejwayelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwesekwa okulungile nendlela yokwelashwa.