Ukuthi yini i-Scleroderma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Scleroderma yisimo sokuziphatha komzimba lapho uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho luhlasela ngephutha izicubu eziphilile, okubangela ukuba isikhumba sakho nezicubu ezihlanganisa zibe zizinzima futhi ziqine. Cabanga ngakho njengomzimba wakho okhiqiza i-collagen eningi kakhulu, iprotheni enikeza isikhungo esikhumbeni sakho nasezitho zakho.

Lesi simo sithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu baba nezinguquko ezincane zesikhumba, kanti abanye bangaba nemiphumela ebanzi ebandakanya izitho zangaphakathi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele kanye nokulungiswa kwesitayela sokuphila, abantu abaningi abane-scleroderma baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-scleroderma?

I-Scleroderma iza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olungaba nalo kusiza ukuqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukuze unqume uhlobo oluthile ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola.

I-scleroderma enqanyuliwe yesikhumba ikakhulukazi ithonya isikhumba sakho ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, ebusweni, nasezingalweni eziphansi. Lolu hlobo luthambekele ekuqhubekeni kancane futhi kungathatha iminyaka ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele. Abantu abaningi abalolu hlobo banesimo esibizwa nge-CREST syndrome, esibandakanya ukufakwa kwe-calcium phansi kwesikhumba, ukuguquka kombala ezinzwini nasezinzwini, nobunzima bokuginya.

I-scleroderma ebanzi yesikhumba ithonya izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba sakho futhi ingabandakanya izitho zangaphakathi njengentliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, kanye nezinkili.

Kukhona futhi i-systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, uhlobo oluyimfihlo lapho izitho zangaphakathi zithinteka khona kodwa ukuguquka kwesikhumba kuncane noma akukho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-scleroderma?

Izimpawu ze-scleroderma zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi. Umuthi wakho ungase ubonise izimpawu ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi kungakusiza uthole ukunakekelwa okudingayo ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina nokuqinisa kwesikhumba - Ngokuvamile kuqala ezinzwini nasezandleni zakho, bese kungaqhubekela ezingalweni zakho, ebusweni, nasemfubheni
• I-Raynaud's phenomenon - Izinzwini zakho nezinyathelo ziphenduka mhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma obomvu uma zivezwa ebuqandeni noma ekuhluphekeni
• Ukukhula kwezandla nezinyathelo - Ngokukhethekile okuqaphelekayo ekuseni noma ngemva kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi
• Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamajozi - Ngokufana ne-arthritis, ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu ekuseni
• Ubunzima bokuginya - Ukudla kungase kuzwakale sengathi kunamathele entanyeni yakho noma esifubeni
• I-Heartburn noma i-acid reflux - Ngenxa yenguquko esifundweni sakho
• Ukuphefumula okufushane - Ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukukhathala - Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho nalapho ukhululekile ngokwanele

Izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukukhokha okwomile okuqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, nezingqinamba zezinkili ezingase zivele njengokucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu noma ukuguquka ekutheni.

Yini ebangela i-scleroderma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-scleroderma ayiqondakali ngokugcwele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ithuthuka lapho uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba luqala ukusebenza ngokweqile futhi luqala ukuhlasela izicubu zakho eziphilile. Lokhu kuqalisa umzimba wakho ukuba ukhiqize i-collagen eningi kakhulu, okuholela ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwesikhumba nezitho.

Izici eziningana cishe zisebenza ndawonye ukuze ziqalise le mpendulo yokuziphatha komzimba:

• Ukukhethwa kwe-genetic - Amanye ama-genes angakwenza ube sengozini enkulu, nakuba i-scleroderma ingavamile ukugijima ngqo emindenini
• Izici zemvelo - Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezithile ezikhemikhali, ukutheleleka, noma ukulimala komzimba kungase kuqalise lesi simo kubantu abanomthamo
• Izici ze-hormonal - Abafazi bathuthukisa i-scleroderma ngokuvamile kunamadoda, okubonisa ukuthi ama-hormones angase adlale indima
• Ukungahambi kahle kohlelo lokuphepha lomzimba - Izinkinga zendlela uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba olulawula ngayo

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-scleroderma ayithwali futhi ayibangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma olungakwenzanga. Lesi simo sibonakala sivela ekusebenzisana okunzima phakathi kwama-genes akho kanye nendawo yakho.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-scleroderma?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa i-scleroderma, izici ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuthuthukisa lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza uhlale uxwayile ezimpawu zokuqala, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile lesi simo.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubulili - Abafazi banethuba elingaba ngamafours ukuba bathuthukise i-scleroderma kunamadoda
• Iminyaka - Abantu abaningi banesifo phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-50, nakuba kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Uhlanga nobuzwe - Abantu base-Afrika abamnyama nabantu base-America abangabantu bakithi banezinga eliphezulu futhi bangase bathuthukise izinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu
• Umlando womndeni - Ukuba nomuntu osondelene nomndeni onesi-scleroderma noma enye isimo sokuziphatha komzimba kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho
• Ukuvezwa kwemvelo - Ukuvezwa okuthile emsebenzini e-silica dust, izixazululi eziphilayo, noma ezinye izinto ezikhemikhali
• Ezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba - Ukuba nezimo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho

Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezi zici zengozi abathuthukisi i-scleroderma. Lezi zici zisiza abacwaningi ukuqonda izibonelo zabantu abangase babe sengozini enkulu yesimo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-scleroderma?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma uqaphela ukuguquka kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma isikhumba sakho siqina, siqina, noma siqhuma ezandleni zakho, ezinzwini, noma ebusweni. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Funani ukunakekelwa komtholampilo uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuqina noma ukuqina kwesikhumba okungathuthuki ezinyangeni ezimbalwa
• I-Raynaud's phenomenon entsha, enzima, noma ehambisana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamajozi okuqhubekayo okuhlupha imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma i-heartburn eqhubekayo
• Ukuphefumula okufushane okungachazeki noma ukukhokha okwomile okuqhubekayo
• Ukuguquka ngokungazelelwe kwegazi noma umsebenzi wezinkili

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziningi ndawonye, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenamandla. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungahlanganisa umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni i-scleroderma nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-scleroderma?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-scleroderma baphila kahle ngokuphathwa okufanele, lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi singathinta izitho zangaphakathi. Ukuqaphela izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo ukuvimbela noma ukubamba izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zezinkili - Ucindzeleko lwegazi oluphezulu nokunciphisa umsebenzi wezinkili, okungaba nzima kodwa kuphatheka ngemithi
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu - Ukwenziwa kwamaphaphu noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu e-lung arteries, okubangela ubunzima bokuphumula
• Izinkinga zentliziyo - Ukungalingani kwentliziyo, ukwehluleka kwentliziyo, noma ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yentliziyo
• Izinkinga zokugaya - I-acid reflux enzima, ubunzima bokuthatha izondlo, noma ukuphahlazeka kwamabele
• Izinkinga zesikhumba - I-ulcers ezinzwini noma ezinqophelweni eziphilayo eziphulukisa kancane
• Izinkinga zamajozi - Ukuqina okungapheli noma ukuguquka kwezandla nezinyathelo

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa i-pulmonary hypertension enzima, ukusabela kwezinkili ngocindezeleko lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu, kanye nokungalingani komjikelezo wentliziyo. Ukulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo kusiza ukubamba lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi lapho zitholakala khona kalula.

I-scleroderma ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-scleroderma kubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa komzimba, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezivivinyo ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu ezibonakalayo futhi asuse ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba - Udokotela wakho uhlola isikhumba sakho, amajozi, nezitho ngezimpawu ze-scleroderma
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi - Bheka ama-antibodies athile afana ne-ANA, anti-centromere, ne-anti-topoisomerase I
• Izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe - I-CT scans yesifuba sakho ukuhlola amaphaphu akho, noma i-echocardiograms ukuhlola inhliziyo yakho
• Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu - Linganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani
• I-Skin biopsy - Ayidingiwe ngokuvamile, kodwa ingase yenziwe uma ukuxilongwa kungacaci
• I-Nailfold capillaroscopy - Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwama-blood vessels amancane ekuqaleni kwezinzipho zakho

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-odele ezinye izivivinyo ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho ezithile, ezifana nezivivinyo zomsebenzi wezinkili, ukulandelela kwentliziyo, noma izivivinyo zokuhlola isimiso sakho sokuhlanza. Inqubo yokuxilongwa ingathatha isikhathi, kodwa ukuhlolwa okugcwele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-scleroderma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-scleroderma kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokugcina ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa, imithi eminingi ephumelelayo ingasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwaso.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha lungase luhlanganise:

• Imithi yezimpawu zesikhumba - Ukwelashwa okusebenza ngaphandle kwemithi kanye nemithi efana ne-methotrexate noma i-mycophenolate ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• Ukulawula i-Raynaud's - I-calcium channel blockers noma ezinye imithi ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinzwini nasezinzwini zakho
• Ukusekela ukugaya - I-proton pump inhibitors ye-acid reflux kanye nemithi ekusiza ngezinkinga zamaphaphu
• Ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu - Imithi yokucindezela ukuphepha komzimba noma imithi ehloselwe ukusebenza kwamaphaphu
• Ukulawula kwecindezeleko legazi - I-ACE inhibitors ukuvikela izinkili zakho nokulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi
• I-Physical therapy - Ukuzivocavoca ukuze ugcine ukuqina namandla emajojweni akho

Ngezinkinga ezingavamile ezifana ne-pulmonary hypertension enzima, udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukwelashwa okukhethekile njenge-endothelin receptor antagonists noma i-prostacyclin therapy. Ukutshalwa kwe-stem cell ngezinye izikhathi kucabangelwa ezimweni ezinzima, eziqhubeka ngokushesha, nakuba lokhu kugcinelwe izimo ezithile kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-scleroderma ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha i-scleroderma. Imikhuba yansuku zonke elula ingakusiza uzizwe ukhulu futhi ingase ibe nokuqhubeka kwezimpawu.

Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha:

• Gcina ufudumala - Gqoka izigqoko, sebenzisa izihlangu ezishisayo, futhi gwema izindawo ezibandayo ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-Raynaud's
• Vikela isikhumba sakho - Sebenzisa izimonyo ezimnene, ezingenamphunga njalo futhi ugweme izinto ezikhemikhali ezinzima
• Hlala usebenza - Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokubhukuda, ukuhamba, noma i-yoga kusiza ekuqinisweni kwamajozi
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile - Lokhu kusiza ekugayeni nokunciphisa i-acid reflux
• Ungabhemi - Ukubhema kubenza izinkinga zokujikeleza futhi kungakhuphula ukonakala kwamaphaphu
• Lawula ukucindezeleka - Sebenzisa amasu okuphumula, njengoba ukucindezeleka kungase kuqalise ukuguquka kwezimpawu

Kufanele futhi ulandele izimpawu zakho futhi ugcine ulandelela noma yikuphi ukuguquka ukuze uxoxe neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo. Ukukhathalela kwesikhumba okuvamile, ukuhlala uthambile, nokuphumula ngokwanele kuyindlela elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokusekela impilo yakho yonke.

I-scleroderma ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-scleroderma njengoba imbangela yayo eqondile ayiqondakali ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, uma unezici zengozi noma izimpawu zokuqala zesimo, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ube nokuqhubeka kwaso.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela i-scleroderma ngokuphelele, ungakwazi:

• Gwema izici ezaziwayo - Nciphisa ukuvezwa e-silica dust nasezinto ezithile ze-industrial chemicals uma kungenzeka
• Ungabhemi - Ukubhema kungenza izinkinga zokujikeleza zibe zimbi futhi kukhulise izinkinga
• Lawula ezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba - Ukwelashwa okufanele kwezimo ezihlobene kungasiza ekuqedeni umsebenzi wohlelo lokuphepha lomzimba
• Hlala uphilile ngokujwayelekile - Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, ukudla okuhle, nokulawula ukucindezeleka kusekela ukulingana kohlelo lokuphepha lomzimba
• Thola ukuhlolwa okuvamile - Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa kungavimbela izinkinga

Uma unezilwane zomndeni ezine-scleroderma noma ezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba, hlala uxwayile ezimpawu zokuqala futhi uxoxe ngezinkathazo zakho nodokotela wakho. Nakuba izici ze-genetic zingashintshi, ukuqaphela kungase kuholele ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi nasemiphumeleni emihle.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungase kuholele ekuxhumaneni kangcono nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho:

• Bala izimpawu zakho - Qaphela ukuthi zaqala nini, ziguquke kanjani, nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
• Bhala umlando wakho wezokwelapha - Faka noma yiluphi umlando womndeni wezimo zokuziphatha komzimba
• Letha yonke imithi - Faka imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubhalwa komtholampilo, kanye nezinhlanganisela
• Lungiselela imibuzo - Bhala phansi lokho ofuna ukukwazi ngesimo sakho kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa
• Cabanga ukuletha ukwesekwa - Ilungu lomndeni noma umngani angakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile
• Letha imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili - Uma ubona odokotela abanye, letha amakhophi ezivivinyo ezifanele namarekhodi

Ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho, ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe uqinisekile ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Iyini into ebalulekile nge-scleroderma?

I-Scleroderma yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuziphatha komzimba esithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile, kodwa ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele nokuphathwa kwakho, abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo. Okubalulekile ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondisa izimpawu zakho nezidingo zakho ezithile.

Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-scleroderma luqhubeka, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuthuthukiswa njalo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, nokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela bakho.

Nakuba ukuphila ne-scleroderma kungase kube inselele, awuwedwa. Amaqembu wokusekela, kokubili ngokomuntu siqu nangokukhuphuka, angakuxhumanisa nabanye abaqonda lokho okukudlulayo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukwabelana ngamava namasu okubhekana nezimo kubasiza bazizwe beqiniseke kakhulu ekulawuleni isimo sabo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-scleroderma

Ingabe i-scleroderma iyefa?

I-Scleroderma inxenye ye-genetic, kodwa ayidluliselwa ngqo njengezinye izimo. Ukuba nomuntu womndeni onesi-scleroderma noma enye isimo sokuziphatha komzimba kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abane-scleroderma abanamalungu omndeni athintekile. Lesi simo sibonakala sivela ekubeni khona kokubili kokukhethwa kwe-genetic kanye nezici zemvelo.

Ingabe i-scleroderma ingaphiliswa?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha i-scleroderma, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphila kahle ngalesi simo. Imithi eminingi ephumelelayo ingalawula izimpawu, inciphisa ukuqhubeka, futhi ivimbele izinkinga. Ucwaningo luqhubeka ngokusebenza, futhi imithi emisha ithuthukiswa enikeza ithemba lokuphathwa okuhle nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

I-scleroderma iqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ukuqhubeka kwe-scleroderma kuhluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu baba nokuqubuka okusheshayo eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, bese baqina, kanti abanye baba nokuqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi. I-scleroderma enqanyuliwe yesikhumba ngokuvamile iqhubeka kancane kunesi-scleroderma ebanzi yesikhumba. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo lizolandwa isimo sakho futhi lilungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ingabe ukukhulelwa kungathinta i-scleroderma?

Ukukhulelwa kungenzeka kwabafazi abaningi abane-scleroderma, kodwa kudinga ukulandelela nokuhlela ngokucophelela. Abanye abafazi baba nokuthuthuka kwezimpawu zabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanti abanye bangase bahlangane nezingozi ezikhulayo zezinkinga. Uma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa, xoxa neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa komtholampilo kusenesikhathi ukuqinisekisa umphumela ophephile kakhulu kuwe nengane yakho.

Ingabe ukudla kuthinta izimpawu ze-scleroderma?

Nakuba akukho ukudla okuthile okungaphilisa i-scleroderma, ukuguquka kokudla okuthile kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kungasiza ngezinkinga zokugaya, kanti ukugwema ukudla okushisa kakhulu noma okubandayo kungase kunciphisa ubuhlungu. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukunciphisa ukudla okubangela ukuvuvukala kusiza ngezimpawu jikelele, nakuba ubufakazi besayensi buncane. Njalo xoxa ngokuguquka kokudla nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza ukuguquka okukhulu.