Scleroderma

IScleroderma (es-clay-roh-DUR-ma), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sclerosis yesistimu, iyiqembu lezimpande ezinqabile ezibandakanya ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba. IScleroderma ingabangela nezinkinga emathafeni egazi, ezihlabathini zangaphakathi kanye nethambo lokudla.

IScleroderma ivame ukwahlukaniswa njengenqanyuliwe noma eyahlukahlukene, okubhekisela kuphela ezingeni lokuhileleka kwesikhumba. Zombili izinhlobo zingabandakanya noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ze-vascular noma ze-organ ezingxenye yesifo. IScleroderma eqondile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-morphea, ithinta kuphela isikhumba.

Nakuba ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-scleroderma, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa izimpawu, kunciphisa ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Amasimptomu e-scleroderma ahlukahluka kumuntu ngamuntu, kuye ngezindawo zomzimba ezihilelekile. Cishe wonke umuntu onayo i-scleroderma uhlushwa ukukhuluphala nokubopha kwesikhumba. ingxenye zokuqala zomzimba ezithintekayo ngokuvamile yizandla, izandla, izinyawo nobuso. Kwabanye abantu, ukukhuluphala kwesikhumba kungase futhi kuhilele izandla, izingalo eziphezulu, isifuba, isisu, imilenze ephansi namathanga. Amasimptomu okuqala angase afaka ukukhuluphala nokukhahlela. Umbala wesikhumba esithintekile ungase ukhanye noma ubumnyama, futhi isikhumba singase sibonakale siqabukile ngenxa yokubopha. Abanye abantu banezindawo ezincane ezibomvu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-telangiectasia, ezandleni nasebusweni. Ama-calcium deposits angakha phansi kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ezipheleni zezinzwane, ebangela ama-bumps angabonakala kuma-X-rays. I-Raynaud's phenomenon ivame kakhulu ku-scleroderma. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncika okukhulu kwezitho ezincane zegazi ezandleni nasezinzwane njengokuphendula ekubandeni noma ekuhluphekeni ngokomzwelo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izandla zingase zibe buhlungu noma zibe buthuntu futhi zibe mhlophe, ziblue, zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zibomvu. I-Raynaud's phenomenon ingase futhi ibonakale kubantu abangenayo i-scleroderma. I-Scleroderma ingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yokugaya ukudla, kusukela esifundweni se-esophagus kuya esigulwini. Kuye ngezindawo zesu lokugaya ukudla ezithintekile, amasimptomu angase afaka:

• Ukushisa kwesisu.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukukhuluphala.
• Ukuhlanza.
• I-Constipation.
• Ukungcola kokukhishwa kwesisu. Uma i-scleroderma ithinta inhliziyo noma amaphaphu, ingabangela ukuphefumula kanzima, ukunciphisa ukukhuthazelela komzimba nokukhungatheka. I-Scleroderma ingabangela ukwenzakala kuma-lung tissues okungase kuholele ekwandeni kokuphefumula kanzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kunezidakamizwa ezingasiza ekuthambiseni ukuqhubeka kwalolu wonakalo lwamaphaphu. Uma i-scleroderma ithinta inhliziyo, izikhathi zenhliziyo zingase zingalungile. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungase futhi kwenzeke kwabanye abantu.

I-scleroderma kwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhulisa i-collagen ngokweqile futhi iqongeleka ezihlangwini zomzimba. I-collagen uhlobo lwe-protein oluyimicu oluwakha ama-connective tissues omzimba, kuhlanganise nokwesikhumba.

Ochwepheshe abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela le nqubo ukuba iqale, kodwa kubonakala sengathi uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba ludlala indima. Ngokuningi, i-scleroderma ibangelwa yihlanganisela yezinto, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ze-immune system, i-genetics kanye nezici zezimo ezingqongile.

Noma yini ongaba nescleroderma, kodwa kuvame kakhulu kubantu ababelethwe njengabesifazane. Abantu bavame ukuthola i-scleroderma phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-50. Abantu abamnyama bavame ukuba nokuqala kwesikhathi esisheshayo futhi banesihlahla esikhulu sesikhumba nesifo sephephaphu. Izici eziningi ezihlangene zibonakala zithinta ingozi yokuba ne-scleroderma:

• I-Genetics. Abantu abanoshintsho oluthile lwe-gene kubonakala sengathi banesihlahla esikhulu sokuthuthukisa i-scleroderma. Lokhu kungachaza ukuthi kungani i-scleroderma ibonakala igijima emindenini kubantu abambalwa futhi kungani izinhlobo ezithile ze-scleroderma zivame kakhulu kubantu bezinhlanga nezinhlanga ezithile.
• Izici zemvelo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kubantu abathile, izimpawu ze-scleroderma zingase ziqalwe ukukhombisa ama-viruses athile, imithi noma izidakamizwa. Ukuvezwa okuphindaphindwayo, njengoba kusebenza, ezintweni ezilimazayo noma emakhemikhali nakho kungase kukhulise ingozi ye-scleroderma. Isici semvelo asiqondakali kubantu abaningi.
• Isimo sesistimu yokukhulula umzimba. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-scleroderma iyisifo se-autoimmune. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokukhulula umzimba luqala ukuhlasela izicubu ezihlanganayo. Abantu abanesi-scleroderma bangase babe nezimpawu zesifo esinye se-autoimmune njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus noma i-Sjogren syndrome.

Izinkinga zescleroderma zihluka kusuka kokulula kuya kokukhulu futhi zingathinta okulandelayo:

• Izipikili zezinzwane. Ku-sclerosis yesistimu, i-Raynaud's phenomenon ingaba nzima kangangokuthi ukugeleza kwegazi okuvinjelwe konakalisa ngokuhlala njalo inyama yesikhumba esipikili sezinzwane, kubangele imigodi noma amanxeba esikhumba. Kwabanye abantu, inyama yesikhumba esipikili sezinzwane ingase ife.
• Inhliziyo. Ukwenziwa kwamabala enyameni yenhliziyo kukhuphula ingozi yokungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo nokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. I-Scleroderma ingabangela nokuvuvukala kwesikhwama esizungezile inhliziyo.
• Isistimu yokugaya ukudla. Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ze-scleroderma zingafaka ukushisa kwenhliziyo nobunzima bokuginya. I-Scleroderma ingabangela nezimo zokugabha, ukukhuluphala, ukuvimbela noma isifo sohudo. Abanye abantu abane-scleroderma bangaba nezingqinamba zokuthola izondlo ngenxa yokwanda kwebhaktheriya esibindini.
• Izinhlangothi. Isikhumba phezu kwezinhlangothi singaba lukhuni kangangokuthi sivikela ukuqina nokuhamba, ikakhulukazi ezandleni.

Ngokuba i-scleroderma ingathatha izindlela eziningi futhi ithinte izindawo eziningi ezahlukene zomzimba, kungaba nzima ukuyihluza.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga aphezulu ama-antibodies athile enziwe yi-immune system.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi aphakamise ezinye izivivinyo zegazi, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamalungu. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi isimiso sakho sokuhlanza, inhliziyo, amaphaphu noma izinkili zithintekile yini.