Ukuqiniswa Kwegazi: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kungumphendulo omkhulu nomlutha womzimba wakho ekuthelelekeni. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yakho yokuzikhusela esebenza kakhulu futhi ihlasela ngephutha amalungu akho ngenkathi izama ukulwa nezifo.

Lesi simo esibucayi senzeka lapho ukutheleleka okuqala engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba wakho kubangela uchungechunge lwemiphumela kuyo yonke isimo sakho. Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kwenzeka lapho ukutheleleka okuqala engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba wakho kubangela uchungechunge lwemiphumela kuyo yonke isimo sakho. Umzimba wakho ukhulula amakhemikhali ukulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa lawa makhemikhali afanayo abangela ukuvuvukala okubanzi okungalimaza amalungu amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iyini ukuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kwenzeka lapho isimo sakho sokuzivikela siphendula kakhulu ekuthelelekeni kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Esikhundleni sokuqondisa kuphela ibhaktheriya noma i-virus eliyingozi, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho luqala ukuhlasela izicubu nezinye izitho eziphilile.

Lesi simo singathuthukiswa yinoma iyiphi uhlobo lokutheleleka, kungaba yisiqabu esilula esitholakala, ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, noma i-pneumonia. Okwenza ukuqiniswa kwegazi kube yingozi ukuthi kungathuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani futhi kuthonye amalungu abalulekile njengentliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, izinso, nobuchopho.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngokuthi "ukuqiniswa kwegazi," nakuba leli gama lingaqinile ngokuphelele njengoba ukutheleleka kungabihlanganisi njalo ngqo nomfula wakho wegazi. Inkinga ebalulekile yimpendulo yomzimba wakho yokuvuvukala kakhulu ekuthelelekeni.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukuqaphela ukuqiniswa kwegazi kusenesikhathi kungaba inselele ngoba izimpawu zalo zivame ukulingisa izalezo zezinye izifo ezinkulu. Umzimba wakho ungabonisa izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okuphosakele kakhulu, kodwa lezi zimpawu zezesixwayiso zingathuthuka kancane kancane noma zivele ngokuzumayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokuqala zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C) noma ukushisa komzimba okuphansi kakhulu
• Izinga lokugijima kwenhliziyo (ngaphezulu kwama-90 ama-beats ngomzuzu)
• Ukuqina kokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okufushane
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ubuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukungakhululeki kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Isikumba esinamathelayo noma esinobunzima

Njengoba ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuqhubeka, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezinkulu ezibonisa ukuthi amalungu akho alwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi, ukunciphisa ukuthamba, umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza, nobunzima obukhulu bokuqina.

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "isiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi," lapho ingcindezi yegazi iwehliseka kakhulu khona amalungu abalulekile angatholi oksijini eyanele. Lokhu kubonisa uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lokuqiniswa kwegazi futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Yini ebangela ukuqiniswa kwegazi?

Noma yiluphi ukutheleleka kunamandla okuqalisa ukuqiniswa kwegazi, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ziba nezingozi eziphezulu kunezinye. Izimbangela ezivamile kakhulu ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial, kodwa ama-virus, ama-fungi, nezinye izifo zingase futhi ziqalise le nqubo eyingozi.

Ukutheleleka okuholela njalo ekuqinisweni kwegazi kuhlanganisa:

• I-pneumonia noma ezinye izifo zamaphaphu
• Ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kwezinso
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile, kuhlanganise nokutheleleka kwezindawo zokuthunga
• Ukutheleleka kwesisu njenge-appendicitis noma izinkinga zezisu
• Ukutheleleka kwegazi okuvela kuma-IV catheters noma ezinye izinto zezokwelapha

Ngokungavamile, ukuqiniswa kwegazi kungathuthukiswa yizifo ebuchophweni bakho, enhliziyweni, noma emathanjeni. Ngisho nokutheleleka okubonakala kuncane njenge-dental abscesses noma iziqabu ezitholakala kungase ngezinye izikhathi kuqhubekele ekuqinisweni kwegazi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka.

Izifo ezithile eziholela ekuqinisweni kwegazi ziyahluka, kodwa izimbangela ezivamile ze-bacterial zihlanganisa i-Staphylococcus, i-Streptococcus, ne-E. coli. Ukutheleleka kwe-viral okuvela ku-influenza, i-COVID-19, noma ezinye izifo ze-respiratory zingase futhi ziqalise ukuqiniswa kwegazi kwezinye izimo.

Nini okumele ubone udokotela ngokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuhlale kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo esibhedlela. Uma ucindezela ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuwe noma komunye umuntu, shayela u-911 noma uye endlini yokwelapha ngokushesha kunokulinda isikhathi sokuvakashela udokotela ojwayelekile.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka kanye nanoma yiziphi izixwayiso: ukuqina okuphezulu ngokudideka, ukuqina kokuphefumula, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, noma isikhumba esizizwa sishisa noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo. Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kungaba kubi kakhulu ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi ngamahora ambalwa, futhi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphulukisa. Odokotela bezingxenye zezimo eziphuthumayo bayeqeqeshwe ukuqaphela nokuphatha ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngokushesha.

Uma unekutheleleka okuqondisiwe okubonakala kubi kakhulu naphezu kokwelashwa, noma uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezintsha njengokudideka noma ubunzima bokuqina, lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zokuthi ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuyaqala.

Ziyini izici ezingozi zokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngokutheleleka, ezinye izinto zenza abanye abantu babe sengozini kakhulu kule nkinga ebucayi. Ukuqonda izinga lakho lengozi kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile izimpawu futhi ufunani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo lapho kudingeka.

Abantu abasezingeni eliphezulu lengozi bahlanganisa:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65
• Izingane ezingaphansi komnyaka
• Abantu abanezimo ezingapheli njengesi-diabetes, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sezinso
• Abantu abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza, i-HIV, noma imithi yokucindezela isimo sokuzivikela
• Abantu abasanda kuthola ukuhlinzwa noma abaye babhedlela
• Labo abanezinto zezokwelapha njenge-catheters, imiphunga yokuphefumula, noma imigqa ye-IV
• Abantu abanezibhamu ezinkulu noma ukushisa

Ukukhulelwa kungase futhi kukhulise ingozi yokuqiniswa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa bangase babe nobuthakathaka obukhulu ngenxa yokusebenza okubuthakathaka kwesistimu yokuzikhusela nokukhuphuka kwenkinga yokutheleleka.

Ukuba nalezi zici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile ukuqiniswa kwegazi, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngokuvikela ukutheleleka nokufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha lapho uzizwa ungaphili kahle.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kungalimaza kakhulu kulo lonke umzimba wakho ngoba kuthonya izinhlelo eziningi zamalungu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa ukugijima kwegazi kungalimaza amalungu abalulekile, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukulimala okungapheli noma izinkinga ezibulalayo.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kwamalungu okuthonya izinso zakho, isibindi, amaphaphu, noma inhliziyo
• Isiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi ngokucindezela kwegazi okuphansi kakhulu
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezidinga ukuphefumula okuhlinzwa
• Izi-disorders zokugqwala kwegazi ezingavimba ukugijima kwegazi ezicutwini
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu nokungalingani kwama-electrolyte
• Ukusebenza okubi kobuchopho okubangela ukudideka, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ubunzima bokuqina

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-post-sepsis syndrome, engabangela ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuqina, nobunzima bokuqina izinyanga ngemuva kokululama. Ukwelashwa komzimba nokubuyiselwa amandla kungase kudingeke ukubuyisela amandla nokusebenza.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuqaphela okusheshayo nokuphatha okufanele, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ekuqinisweni kwegazi. Noma kunjalo, ububi lwezinkinga zivame ukuxhomekeka ekutheni ukwelashwa kuqale ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi impilo yakho iyonke yayinjani ngaphambi kokuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwegazi.

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kungavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuqiniswa kwegazi ukunqanda ukutheleleka kuqala nokuphatha noma yikuphi ukutheleleka ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi kube yinkinga ebucayi. Imikhuba yansuku zonke elula inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokutheleleka.

Amasu abalulekile okuvimbela ahlanganisa:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngesepha namanzi
• Ukulondoloza iziqabu nezinxeba zihlambulukile futhi zivalwe
• Ukuthola ukugonywa okunconywayo, kuhlanganise ne-flu shots ne-pneumonia vaccines
• Ukuphatha izimo ezingapheli njengesi-diabetes ukugcina isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela iqinile
• Ukuthola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha ngezimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuthatha ama-antibiotics alayikiwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuqondiswe

Uma usesibhedlela, ungangabazi ukukhumbuza abasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi bahlanze izandla zabo ngaphambi kokunakekela wena. Ukuhlanzeka okuhle phakathi kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okutholwe esibhedlela okungase kuholele ekuqinisweni kwegazi.

Kubantu abasezingeni eliphezulu lengozi, njengalabo abanezifo ezingapheli noma abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka, izinyathelo ezengeziwe njengokuqeda izixuku ngesikhathi sesizini ye-flu nokuqaphela kakhulu ngokunakekelwa kwezindawo kungase kunikeze isivikelo esengeziwe.

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukuqonda ukuqiniswa kwegazi kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nokulingwa kwelebhu njengoba akukho ukuhlolwa olulodwa oluqinisayo oluqinisayo oluqinisayo. Odokotela bezingxenye zezimo eziphuthumayo bafuna izibonelo ezithile zezimpawu nemiphumela yokuhlola ebonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka okukhulu.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizokwenza ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kuhlanganise nomsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka nokuvuvukala, ukulinganisa inani le-white blood cell yakho, nokulinganisa ukuthi amalungu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Bangase futhi bahlole amazinga akho oksijini egazini futhi bahlole izinguquko ezingeni lokugijima kwenhliziyo nezinga lokucindezela kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwamathumba, izifundo zokubuka njenge-chest X-rays noma i-CT scans, ne-cultures yegazi, umthamo, noma ezinye izinto zomzimba ukuqonda isifo esibangela ukutheleleka kwakho. Lezi zilingo ze-culture zisiza odokotela ukukhetha ama-antibiotics asebenza kakhulu.

Odokotela basebenzisa izinhlelo zokulinganisa eziqwalasela ukushisa kwakho, izinga lokugijima kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nenani le-white blood cell ukukusiza unqume ukuthi unekuqiniswa kwegazi yini. Baphinde bafune izimpawu zokuthi amalungu akho awasebenzi kahle, njengezinguquko emisebenzini yezinso noma isimo sengqondo.

Iyini ukwelashwa kokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukwelashwa kokuqiniswa kwegazi kufanele kuqale ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu endaweni yesibhedlela. Izinjongo eziyinhloko ukulwa nokutheleleka, ukusekela amalungu akho, nokuvimbela izinkinga ekuthuthukiseni noma ukubikwa kabi.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-antibiotics ahlanganisiwe anikezwa nge-IV ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amanzi e-IV ukugcina ingcindezi yegazi nokusekela ukujikeleza
• Ukwelashwa ngokusiza oksijini noma ukuphefumula uma kudingeka
• Imithi yokusekela ingcindezi yegazi nokusebenza kwenhliziyo
• Ukuqapha okuqinile kokusebenza kwamalungu
• Ukwelashwa komthombo wokutheleleka wokuqala

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase lidinga ukususa izinto ezitholakala ezitholakala njenge-catheters noma ukukhipha izinto ezitholakala ezitholakala ngezinqubo. Ezimweni ezinkulu, ungase udinga i-dialysis ukusekela ukusebenza kwezinso noma ukuphefumula okuhlinzwa ukukusiza ngokuphefumula.

Ama-antibiotics athile azohlengahlengiswa uma odokotela beqonde isifo esibangela ukutheleleka kwakho ngemiphumela ye-culture. Ubude bokuwelashwa buyahluka kuye ngomthombo wokutheleleka nendlela yakho yokwelashwa, kodwa abantu abaningi badinga okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa zokwelashwa okukhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha ukululama ekuqinisweni kwegazi ekhaya?

Ukululama ekuqinisweni kwegazi kuvame ukuqhubeka amasonto noma izinyanga ngemuva kokushiya esibhedlela. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokululama ekuvuvukaleni nasekucindezelweni kwesifo, ngakho-ke ukuzeka kade umsindo nenqubo yokululama kubalulekile.

Gxilisa ekutholeni ukuphumula okuningi, njengoba ukukhathala kuvame kakhulu ngemuva kokuqiniswa kwegazi. Yandisa kancane kancane izinga lakho lomsebenzi njengoba uzizwa uqina, kodwa ungaziphoqeleli kakhulu ngokushesha. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingakusiza ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza oluphephile.

Dla ukudla okunomsoco ukusekela ukululama, hlala uthambile, futhi uthathe yonke imithi elayikiwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuqondiswe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuphela kwesigaba sama-antibiotics noma ukuthatha imithi yokusekela ukusebenza kwamalungu.

Qaphela izimpawu zezinkinga noma ukutheleleka okusha, njengokuqina, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma izimpawu ezibi kakhulu. Gcina yonke imiqondiso yokulandelela ukuze odokotela bakho bakwazi ukuqapha ukululama kwakho nokuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga eziqhubekayo.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani isikhathi sakho sokuvakashela udokotela?

Uma ululama ekuqinisweni kwegazi noma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuqiniswa kwegazi, ukulungiselela kungakusiza uthole okuningi ekuvakasheni kwakho kwezokwelapha. Bhala izimpawu zakho, lapho zaqala khona, nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho, kuhlanganise nanoma yimaphi ama-antibiotics owawuthathe muva nje. Lungiselela futhi ulwazi mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuhlala esibhedlela, njengoba le mininingwane iyasiza odokotela ukuqonda ingozi yakho yokuqiniswa kwegazi.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olukhulu nokubuza imibuzo. Ukululama ekuqinisweni kwegazi ngezinye izikhathi kuthonya ukugxila nokukhumbula, ngakho-ke ukuba nokusekelwa kungaba yigugu.

Bhala imibuzo kusengaphambili, njengokukhathazeka ngezimpawu eziqhubekayo, ukumisa imisebenzi, noma izimpawu okumele uzibone. Ungangabazi ukubuza ngesikhathi sakho sokululama nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezizayo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ekuwelashweni kokuqiniswa kwegazi.

Themba izimpawu zakho uma uzizwa ugula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka kanye nokudideka, ukuqina kokuphefumula, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Uma ungaqiniseki, funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha kunokulinda ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini.

Ukuvimbela ngokuhlanzeka okuhle, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kokutheleleka, nokuhlala unolwazi ngokugonywa kuhlala kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu ekuqinisweni kwegazi. Kulabo abasezingeni eliphezulu lengozi, ukuqapha okwengeziwe ngokuvikela ukutheleleka nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqiniswa kwegazi

Ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele yini ukuqiniswa kwegazi?

Yebo, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ekuqinisweni kwegazi ngokwelashwa okusheshayo nokufanele. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nemiphumela eqhubekayo njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, noma ubunzima bokuqina izinyanga ngemuva kokululama. Isifuba sokululama ngokuphelele ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekuqinisweni kwegazi?

Isikhathi sokululama sihluka kakhulu kuye ngobubi bokuqiniswa kwegazi nempilo yakho yonke. Ukuhlala esibhedlela ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya ezingxenyeni, kodwa ukululama ngokuphelele ekhaya kungathatha izinyanga. Abanye abantu bazizwa bephilile phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, kanti abanye badinga izinyanga ezimbalwa ukubuyisela amandla abo aphelele nezinga lamandla.

Ungathola yini ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Ngeshwa, ukuba nokuqiniswa kwegazi kanye akusakuvikeli ekutholeni futhi. Eqinisweni, abanye abantu abake baba nokuqiniswa kwegazi bangase babe sengozini encane yezimo ezizayo, ikakhulukazi uma banezimo zempilo eziqhubekayo noma abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka. Lokhu kwenza ukuvikela ukutheleleka kube yinto ebaluleke nakakhulu kubantu abaphile ekuqinisweni kwegazi.

Ingabe ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuyatheleleka?

Ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngokwakho akukona okutheleleka, kodwa ukutheleleka okubangela ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngezinye izikhathi kungasakazeka kubantu. Isibonelo, uma othile enokuqiniswa kwegazi okuvela e-pneumonia, ungase uthole i-pneumonia, kodwa awusoze wathola ukuqiniswa kwegazi ngqo. Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka iyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kokutheleleka okungase kuholele ekuqinisweni kwegazi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqiniswa kwegazi nesiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi?

Isiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi yilona uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lokuqiniswa kwegazi. Ngenkathi ukuqiniswa kwegazi kuhlanganisa impendulo yomzimba wakho ekuthelelekeni, isiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi senzeka lapho ukuqiniswa kwegazi kubangela ingcindezi yegazi ephansi kangangokuthi amalungu akho angatholi oksijini eyanele ukusebenza kahle. Isiphepho sokuqiniswa kwegazi sidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu futhi sinengozi enkulu yezinkinga kunokuqiniswa kwegazi kuphela.