Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kuyinkinga enzima kakhulu yokulimala kwekhanda eyenzeka lapho othile ehlukunyezwa ngokunamandla ingane encane noma umntwana omncane. Lokhu kulimala kwenzeka lapho ukuzinyathela okunamandla okuya phambili nokuya emuva kubangela ukuthi ubuchopho bomntwana bujikeleze ngaphakathi ekhanda labo, okuholela ekulimala okukhulu.

Igama lezokwelapha laleli simo yi-abusive head trauma, futhi ingenye yezindlela ezinkulu kakhulu zokuphathwa kabi kwezingane. Ukuqonda leli simo kungasiza abazali, ababambiqhaza, nemiphakathi ukusebenzisana ukuvikela abantwana bethu abancane abanobuthakathaka.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane Kuyini?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kwenzeka lapho othile ehlukunyezwa ingane encane noma umntwana omncane ngamandla anele ukubangela ukulimala kobuchopho. Ukusheshisa nokuhamba kancane okusheshayo kulimala ithishu lobuchopho elibuthakathaka nemithambo yegazi.

Izingane zinobunono ngokukhethekile ngoba imisipha yazo yentamo isathuthuka futhi ayikwazi ukusekela amakhanda awo amakhulu ngokufanele. Ubuchopho bazo buthambile futhi buqine kakhulu kunobunono babantu abadala. Lapho kuhlukunyezwa, ubuchopho buqhuma emuva nangaphambili ngaphakathi ekhanda, kubangela ukulunywa, ukukhula, nokuphuza igazi.

Leli simo sivame ukubathinta abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2, kanti ingozi enkulu kakhulu ivela kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6. Ukulimala kungaba kusuka kokuncane kuye kokubulala, futhi ngokudabukisayo, ezinye izimo ziholela ekukhubazekeni okungapheli noma ekufeni.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Izimpawu zingabonakala ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa noma zingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye izimpawu zingabonakala zingekho ngokuqala, kungakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde.

Nawa ama-symptom abalulekile okumele uwaqaphele:

• Ukucasuka okukhulu noma ukukhala okungenakuthululeka
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme noma ukulala okungavamile
• Ukudla okubi noma ubunzima bokudla
• Ukugabha ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukuqhaqhazela
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukushintsha emaphethini okuphefumula
• Ukulahlekelwa yikwazi

Izimpawu ezinkulu kakhulu zingafaka ukubambelela, ukuzamazama, noma ukushintsha ekukhali komntwana. Abanye abantwana bangathuthukisa nezinkinga zobumona noma babonise izimpawu zokubambezeleka ekuthuthukeni njengoba bekhula.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu kumntwana, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesigameko esaziwayo sokuphathwa okunamandla, funa usizo lokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini Ebangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa okunamandla, okuvame ukwenziwa ngumuntu obhekele ingane ngezikhathi zokukhungatheka okukhulu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukukhala okungenakuthululeka, okungadida ngisho nababambiqhaza abanobubele.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umhlinzeki wokunakekela ecasukela ingane ekhala futhi elahlekelwa ukulawula. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke lapho ingane ingayeki ukukhala naphezu kokuzimisela ukuyiduduza, noma lapho umhlinzeki wokunakekela ebhekene noxinzelelo, ukukhathala, noma izinkinga zomuntu siqu.

Okwenza lokhu kudabukisayo ngukuthi imisebenzi evamile njengokuqhaqhazela okuthambile, ukudlala, noma ngisho nokuwa okuncane akuyikubangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane. Amandla adingekayo ukubangela lezi ziphutha amakhulu kakhulu kunokuvamile imisebenzi yokunakekela noma izingozi zabantwana.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzeka kanye nezinye izindlela zokuphathwa kabi, njengokushaya noma ukuphoqa ingane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangothi ezahlukene zokulimala kungenza ukulimala kube nzima nakakhulu.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma ucindezela ukuthi ingane ihlukunyezwe noma uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezinkulu. Isikhathi sibalulekile lapho sibhekene nokulimala kwekhanda okungenzeka kubantwana abancane.

Shaya u-911 noma uye endaweni yokwelapha ephuthumayo ngokushesha uma ingane ibonisa izimpawu ezifana nokuhlukunyezwa, ukulahlekelwa yikwazi, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukulala okukhulu. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane ezifana nokugabha okuqhubekayo noma ukucasuka okungavamile kufanele kuhlolwe ngokushesha ngudokotela.

Uma ungumhlinzeki wezokwelapha, uthisha, noma omunye umuntu ophoqelekile ukubika futhi ucindezela ukuphathwa kabi, uyalelwa ngokomthetho ukubika ezinsizakalweni zokuvimba izingane. Lokhu akuyona into yokulahla icala kodwa ukuthola ingane usizo oluyidingayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukufuna usizo ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu esiphumeleni somntwana. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphucuka zodwa.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Izici eziningi zingandisa ingozi yalesi simo esidabukisayo. Ukuqonda lezi zici zingozi kusisiza ukuthi sivikele kangcono abantwana abanobuthakathaka futhi sisekele ababambiqhaza abalwa.

Izici zingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• Abazali abancane, abangenalwazi noma ababambiqhaza
• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi nokuntuleka kwezinhlelo zokusekela
• Uxinzelelo lwezezimali noma ubumpofu
• Ubudlova basekhaya ekhaya
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngababambiqhaza
• Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Umlando wokuphathwa kabi kwezingane ebuntwaneni bomhlinzeki wokunakekela
• Izingane ezingazalwanga ngesikhathi noma ezinokukhathazeka noma ezinye izenzo ezinzima

Ababambiqhaza besilisa, kufaka abayise nabangane, ngokwezibalo benza ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kaningi kunabesifazane, yize kungase kwenzeke nanoma yimuphi umhlinzeki wokunakekela. Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu ngezikhathi ezinzima zokuphila njengokuphulukana nomsebenzi, izinkinga zobuhlobo, noma ukushintsha okukhulu kokuphila.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nezici zingozi akusho ukuthi othile uzolimaza ingane. Abantu abaningi babhekene nalezi zinselele futhi abazilimazi izingane zabo. Noma kunjalo, ukuqaphela lezi zici kusisiza ukuthi siqonde imindeni engase izuze ekusekelweni okwengeziwe nezinto eziwusizo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Izingozi ezivela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezingane zingaba zimbi futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Ubunzima bokulimala kuncike ekuthini ukuhlukunyezwa kwakunzima kangakanani nokuthi ingane itholile ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izingozi ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuthakathaka bobuchopho nezinkinga zokufunda
• I-Cerebral palsy nezinhlungu zokunyakaza
• Izinkinga zobumona, kufaka ukufuna okuphelele noma okuphelele
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma nolimi
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula
• Ukuqaphela nokuziphatha okunzima
• Izifo zokuhlaselwa

Ezimweni ezinkulu, abantwana bangase bahlupheke ngokuphelelwa amandla okungapheli, badinge ama-tube okudla, noma badinge ukunakekelwa okungapheli. Abanye abantwana bangase babonakale bephulukile ekuqaleni kodwa bathuthukise izinkinga kamuva njengoba bekhula futhi ubuchopho babo bulindele ukusingatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ithonya lemfanelo lengqondo nelokuphila liya ngaphezu kwengane ukuze lithinte umndeni wonke. Abazalwane, abazali, namalungu omndeni olukhulu bavame ukulwa nobuhlungu, usizi, noxinzelelo lokunakekela ingane enezidingo ezikhethekile.

Ngokudabukisayo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kunesilinganiso esiphezulu sokufa, kanti abanye abantwana bafa ngenxa yokulimala kwabo ngokushesha noma ngemva kwesikhathi sokunakekelwa okubalulekile.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane Kungavimbeka Kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekufundiseni, ekusekeleni, nasekusizeni ababambiqhaza ukuthuthukisa amasu okuqondisa impilo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi leli simo lingavimbeka ngokuphelele ngolwazi olufanele nezinhlelo zokusekela.

Nawa amasu abalulekile okuvimbela:

• Funda izindlela ezifanele zokududuza ingane ekhala
• Qonda ukuthi ukukhala kuyinto evamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane zikhala ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Thuthukisa inethiwekhi yokusekela yomndeni nabangane
• Thatha ama-break uma uzizwa ucindezelekile
• Beka ingane endaweni ephephile bese uhamba uma uzizwa sengathi ungase ulahlekelwe ukulawula
• Funani usizo ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• Funda amasu okulawula uxinzelelo
• Thatha amakilasi okukhulisa uma ungumzali omusha

Izipitali eziningi nemikhakha yomphakathi inikeza izinhlelo ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane. Lezi zinhlelo zifundisa abazali ngezindlela zokukhala ezingavamile zezingane futhi zinikeza amasu asebenzayo okuqondisa izikhathi ezinzima.

Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile njengomhlinzeki wokunakekela, khumbula ukuthi ukucela usizo kuyisibonakaliso sobukhulu, hhayi ubuthakathaka. Ukufinyelela emindenini, abangane, noma izinto eziwusizo zomphakathi kungakunikeza ukusekelwa okudingayo ukunakekela ingane yakho ngokuphepha.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlola ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kudinga ukuhlolwa okunakekelayo kwezokwelapha futhi kuvame ukufaka ochwepheshe abaningi. Odokotela bafuna izindlela ezithile zokulimala ezibonisa lolu hlobo lokulimala.

Inqubo yokuhlola ivame ukufaka ukuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele, ukubuka izimpawu zokulimala kwekhanda, ukulunywa, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokulimala. Odokotela banakekela kakhulu umsebenzi wezinzwa zomntwana, bahlola ama-reflexes, ukusebenza, nezibonakaliso zokulimala kobuchopho.

Izivivinyo zokuthwebula zidlalela indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni. I-CT scans ingakwazi ukubona ngokushesha ukuphuza igazi ebuchosheni, kuyilapho i-MRI scans inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yokulimala kwethishu lobuchopho. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ubunzima bokulimala futhi bahlele ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kubalulekile futhi ngoba ukuphuza igazi kwe-retinal (ukopha emuva kwamehlo) kubonakala ngokuvamile ekuhlukunyezweni kwezingane. Udokotela wamehlo uzohlola ngokucophelela amehlo omntwana ngalezi zinguquko ezibonakalayo.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zenziwe ukuhlola ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zezimpawu nokuhlola isimo somntwana jikelele. Ezimweni ezithile, odokotela bangase badinge ukukhipha izimo zezokwelapha ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Ukuphathwa Kokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kugxile ekuzinziseni isimo somntwana nasekulawuleni ukulimala kobuchopho. Indlela ethile kuncike ekuthini ukulimala kwakunzima kangakanani nezingxenye zobuchopho ezithintekile.

Ukuphathwa okusheshayo kuvame ukufaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ingaphefumula kahle futhi igcine ukucindezela kwegazi okuzinzile. Abanye abantwana bangase badinge ukufakwa emishini yokuphefumula noma bathole imithi ukulawula ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kobuchopho.

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke ezimweni ezinkulu ukuqeda ukucindezela ebuchosheni noma ukuyeka ukuphuza igazi. Ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa be-neurosurgeons basebenza ngokucophelela ukulungisa izinkinga ezibulalayo ngenkathi bezama ukulondoloza umsebenzi wobuchopho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kuvame ukufaka iqembu lochwepheshe kufaka phakathi ochwepheshe be-neurologists, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, nochwepheshe bokukhuluma. Le ndlela yeqembu isisiza ukulungisa izindlela ezahlukene eziphuthumayo ezingase zithinte ukuthuthuka nokusebenza komntwana.

Izinsizakalo zokungenelela ekuqaleni kubalulekile ekusizeni abantwana ukuba bafinyelele ikhono labo elikhulu naphezu kokulimala kwabo. Lezi zinsizakalo zingase zifake imfundo ekhethekile, imishini yokuguqula, nokulandelela kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo.

Indlela Yokunikeza Ukukhathalela Ngesikhathi Sokubuyela Esimweni Esijwayelekile?

Ukukhathalela ingane ephulukayo ekuhlukunyezweni kwezingane kudinga isineke, ulwazi olukhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila. Imindeni idinga ukusekelwa okuphelele ngalesi sikhathi esinzima.

Ukukhathalela kwansuku zonke kungase kufaka ukuphatha imithi yokuhlukunyezwa, ukusebenzisa ama-tube okudla, noma ukunikeza ukwelashwa komzimba okubanzi. Abantwana abaningi badinga usizo emisebenzini eyisisekelo njengokudla, ukuhamba, nokuxhumana.

Ukudala indawo ephephile, ekhuthazayo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni noma yikuphi ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile okungenzeka. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuguqula ikhaya, ukufunda ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, noma ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ezifanele izidingo zomntwana.

Amalungu omndeni avame ukuzuza ekuqeqeshweni nasemaqenjini okusekela. Ukukhathalela ingane enezinkinga ezinkulu kungakhathaza ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba, futhi kubalulekile kubabambiqhaza ukuthi banakekele impilo yabo yengqondo.

Ukulandelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile kubalulekile ekuqondeni isimo somntwana nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Iqembu lokunakekela lizoqeqesha nomndeni ukuthuthukisa imigomo eqotho futhi liqale ukuqhubekela phambili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane kangakanani.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Uma ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngesimo esolisayo sokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane, ukulungiselela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ithola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu okungenzeka. Okuqala kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha kwengane nezidingo zezokwelapha.

Lungela ukunikeza umlando ophelele walokho okwenzekile, kufaka phakathi lapho izimpawu ziqale ukubonakala khona nanoma yiziphi izehlakalo ezaziwayo zokulimala. Ubuqotho kubalulekile, ngisho noma isimo sizinzima ukukhuluma ngaso.

Letha noma yiziphi izincwadi zezokwelapha ezifanele, kufaka phakathi ukuvakashela odokotela ngaphambili, amarekhodi egumbi lokuphuthuma, noma amadokhumenti avela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezokwelapha. Lolu lwazi lusisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde impilo yomntwana futhi baqonde ukushintsha.

Bhala phansi yonke imibuzo kanye nezinkathazo zakho ngaphambili. Ezimweni ezinzima, kulula ukukhohlwa izinto ezibalulekile ofuna ukuzibuza. Ukuba nohlu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oluyidingayo.

Uma kungenzeka, letha umuntu okusekelayo nawe ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi futhi anikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sibe nzima kakhulu.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Ngokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kuyindlela yokuphathwa kabi kwezingane okubulalayo kodwa okungavimbeka ngokuphelele okwenzeka lapho ababambiqhaza behluleka ukulawula ngezikhathi zokukhungatheka. Isifuba sokuvimbela siliselukwini lokufundisa, ukusekela, nokusiza abantu ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezempilo zokuqondisa uxinzelelo oluvamile lokunakekela izingane ezincane.

Uma ungumzali noma umhlinzeki wokunakekela, khumbula ukuthi ukuzizwa ucindezelekile ngezinye izikhathi kuyinto evamile. Okubalulekile ukuthi uyaphendula kanjani kulezo mizwa. Kuhle njalo ukufaka ingane ekhala endaweni ephephile bese uthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuze uthule.

Kwimiphakathi, ukusekela abazali abasha nemindeni ecindezelekile kungasiza ukuvimbela lezi zinhlelo ezidabukisayo. Lokhu kungase kusho ukunikeza usizo olusebenzayo, ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo, noma ukuxhuma imindeni nezinto eziwusizo ezidingayo.

Uma ucindezela ukuthi ingane ilimale, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Isenzo esisheshayo singenza umehluko omkhulu esiphumeleni somntwana futhi siqinisekise ukuthi uthola usizo oluyidingayo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane

Imijaho yemidlalo evamile ingabangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane?

Cha, imisebenzi evamile njengokuqhaqhazela okuthambile, ukudlala i-peek-a-boo, noma ukuphoqa ingane emoyeni ayikubangeli ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane. Amandla adingekayo ukubangela lezi ziphutha amakhulu kakhulu kunokuvamile imisebenzi yemidlalo. Noma kunjalo, kuhle njalo ukuba nomusa ngezingane futhi usekele amakhanda azo kahle.

Kuyini iminyaka lapho abantwana besengozini kakhulu?

Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2 banengozi kakhulu, kanti izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-6 zinobunono ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisipha yazo yentamo isathuthuka futhi ayikwazi ukusekela amakhanda awo amakhulu ngokufanele. Ubuchopho bazo buthambile futhi buqine kakhulu kunobunono babantwana abadala.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane kungase kwenzeke ngengozi?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane okuyiqiniso kudinga ukuhlukunyezwa okunamandla okuya ngaphezu kwalokho okungase kwenzeke ngengozi. Noma kunjalo, noma yikuphi ukuphathwa okunamandla kwengane kufanele kugwenywe. Uma ukhathazekile ngento eyenzekile, kuhle njalo ukuba ingane ihlolwe ngumhlinzeki wezokwelapha.

Kufanele ngenze njani uma ngizizwa sengathi ngingase ngilimaze ingane yami?

Beka ingane endaweni ephephile njengokulala kwayo bese uhamba ngokushesha. Thatha imizuzu embalwa ukuze uthule, shaya umngane noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze uthole ukusekelwa, noma uxhumane nelayini yocingo yokukhulisa. Khumbula ukuthi ukucela usizo kuyisibonakaliso sobukhulu, futhi lezi miziva zivame kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange.

Ngingasiza kanjani ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane emphakathini wami?

Ungasiza ngokusekela abazali abasha emphakathini wakho, wabelane ngolwazi mayelana nokuvimbela, futhi uqaphele imindeni engase ibe nobunzima. Nikeza usizo olusebenzayo njengokuletha ukudla, ukunikeza ama-break okunakekela izingane, noma nje ukulalela lapho abazali bedinga ukukhuluma. Ukusekelwa komphakathi kungenza umehluko wangempela ekuvimbeleni lezi zinhlelo ezidabukisayo.