Ukuqeda Ukuphumula Kwe-Apnea? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-sleep apnea yisifo sokulala lapho ukuqeda ukuqeda nokuqala kabusha kokuphefumula kwakho ebusuku. Lezi zikhathi zokumisa zingaphela kusuka emizuzwini embalwa kuya kweminithi eyodwa, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ungakwazi.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuphefumula komzimba wakho okuthinta inkinobho yokuyeka ngenkathi ulala. Ubuchopho bakho buqaphela ukwehla kokufinyelela komoya futhi bukuvusa okwesikhashana ukuqala kabusha ukuphefumula. Lo mzungulu ungaphinda amakhulu noma ngisho namakhulu izikhathi ebusuku ngalunye, okushiya ukhulu ngisho nalapho kubonakala sengathi uthole ubusuku obuphelele bokuphumula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-sleep apnea?

Izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-sleep apnea zivame ukubonakala emini lapho uvukile. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele naphezu kokulala amahora amaningi, noma uzithole uqeda ukuqeda ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi ethule njengokufunda noma ukubuka i-TV.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo ebusuku naphakathi nosuku:

• Ukuqeda okuzwakalayo, okuqhubekayo okungase kuvuke abanye
• Imizwa yokuphefumula noma yokunqamula ebusuku
• Ukuyeka kokuphefumula okubonwe yimbangi yakho
• Ukuvuka njalo ebusuku
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda ekuseni obuyaphela njengoba usuku luqhubeka
• Ukulala okukhulu emini
• Ubunzima bokuhlanganisa noma izinkinga zokukhumbula
• Ukucasuka noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo
• Umlomo owomile noma intamo ebuhlungu uma uvuka

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokubila ubusuku, ukuya ejambini njalo ebusuku, noma ubunzima bokuhlala ulele. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kumuntu ngamunye, futhi awudingi ukuba nazo zonke ukuze ube ne-sleep apnea.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-sleep apnea?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-sleep apnea, ngayinye inezimbangela ezihlukile. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo onalo kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

I-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) yilohlobo oluvamile kakhulu, oluthinta cishe u-90% lwabantu abane-sleep apnea. Imisipha yentamo yakho iphumula kakhulu ngenkathi ulala, okubangela ukuthi indlela yomoya ibe mncinci noma ivaliwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kudala ukuqeda okuvamile nokuyeka kokuphefumula.

I-Central sleep apnea (CSA) ayivamile futhi kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bakho bungathumi imiyalezo efanele emisipha elawula ukuphefumula. Ngokungafani ne-OSA, ngokuvamile ngeke uqede ngokukhulu, kodwa uzoqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nokuyeka kokuphefumula nokukhathala emini.

I-Complex sleep apnea syndrome ihlanganisa womabili lawo mahlobo. Uqala ngezigameko zokuphazamiseka, kodwa ngisho nalapho ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yomoya kuphathwa, izindlela ze-apnea ezingaphansi zivela. Lolu hlobo oluhlangene ludinga izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.

Yini ebangela i-sleep apnea?

I-sleep apnea ithuthukiswa lapho kukhona okuthile okuthinta izindlela zakho zokuphefumula ezingavamile ngenkathi ulala. Izimbangela ziyahluka kuye ngohlobo olukhona, kodwa izinto eziningi zingase zifake isandla kulesi simo.

Ngokuphathelene ne-obstructive sleep apnea, izinto zokwenyama ezinciphisa indlela yomoya zidlala indima enkulu kakhulu:

• Ukukhuluphala okweqile, ikakhulukazi ngezinqe nentamo
• Amatonsils amakhulu noma ama-adenoids
• Ukuzungezile kwentamo elikhulu (ngaphezu kwama-intshi angu-17 kubantu, ama-intshi angu-16 kwabesifazane)
• Ukuhlwitha okuncane noma ukuhlwitha umhlathi
• Ulwimi olukhulu olungavala indlela yomoya
• Ukuvalekile kwempumulo noma izinkinga zokwakheka
• Intamo encane ngokwemvelo

I-Central sleep apnea inezinye izici eziyibangela, ngokuvamile ezihlobene nezimo zezokwelapha noma imithi:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo
• Ukushaya noma iziphukuphuku zobuchopho
• Ukulala phezulu
• Eminye imithi yokuhlupheka, ikakhulukazi i-opioids
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (kubantwana)

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-central sleep apnea ithuthuka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi yini engase ibe nomthelela esimweni sakho esithile.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-sleep apnea?

Izinto ezithile zikwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa i-sleep apnea, nakuba ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola lesi simo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ekuhloleni amathuba akho okuba ne-sleep apnea.

Ubudala nobulili zidlala indima ebalulekile engozini ye-sleep apnea:

• Ukuba owesilisa (abesilisa banethuba elingaphezu kwama-2-3 lokuthola i-sleep apnea)
• Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-40
• Ukuba ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokubeletha (kwabesifazane)
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-sleep apnea

Izici zokuphila nezempilo nazo zikhuphula ingozi yakho:

• Ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala okweqile
• Ukubhema utsha
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokulala
• Ukuthatha imithi yokulala noma i-tranquilizers
• Ukuba nesifo sikashukela
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ezinye izizwe (abantu base-Afrika Amerika, abase-Hispanic, abasePacific Islander)

Ngisho noma unezici eziningi ezingozi, i-sleep apnea ayikapheli. Izinto eziningi zalezi, njengesisindo nokubhema, zingashintshwa ukuze kunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-sleep apnea?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo emini okuthinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uqeda ukuqeda ngenkathi uxoxa, uqhuba, noma usemsebenzini.

Ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuqeda okuzwakalayo okuhlangene nemizwa yokuphefumula noma yokunqamula ebusuku. Uma imbangi yakho iqaphela ukuthi uqeda ukuphefumula ngenkathi ulala, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinile sokuthi udinga ukuhlolwa ngumuntu ochwepheshe.

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu ekhanda ekuseni, ubunzima bokuhlanganisa, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo kanye nezimpawu zokulala. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yokulala yakho ithonya kakhulu, okungathinta impilo yakho yonke nokhuseleko.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unekhathala elikhulu lemini elikubekela engozini ngenkathi uqhuba noma usebenzisa imishini. Izingozi ezihlobene ne-sleep apnea zingavikeleka ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-sleep apnea?

I-sleep apnea engaphathwa ingabangela izinkinga zezempilo ezingathi sína ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwehla okuphindaphindayo amazinga okufinyelela komoya nokuphazamiseka kokulala kubeka uxinzelelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo nobuchopho.

Izinhlanganisela zezifo zenhliziyo zihlanganiswe ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olukhulu ukulawula
• Izinkinga zokulingana kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo
• Ukushaya
• I-Pulmonary hypertension (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emithanjeni ye-lung)

I-sleep apnea ithonya futhi ukuguqulwa kwakho kwemvelo nempilo yengqondo:

• I-Type 2 diabetes noma ukumelana ne-insulin
• Ukukhuluphala nobunzima bokulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ukuqina nokukhathazeka
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula nokunciphisa amandla engqondo
• Ukunciphisa amandla omzimba
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwengozi yengozi ngenxa yokukhathala emini

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelapha i-sleep apnea kunganciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi futhi ngokuvamile kuthuthukise izimo zezempilo ezikhona. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka ekulawuleni kwegazi, amazinga amandla, nasesimweni sengqondo phakathi namasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

I-sleep apnea ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimba zonke izinhlobo ze-sleep apnea, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo. Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela ezisebenza kakhulu zigxile ekugcineni impilo yonke nezimikhuba yokulala ezinhle.

Ukulawula isisindo kuyinye yezindlela zokuvimbela ezinamandla kakhulu ongazenza. Ngisho nokulahlekelwa isisindo esincane sange-10-15 ama-pounds kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-sleep apnea uma ukhuluphala. Ukuzivocavoca njalo akukusizi nje ekulawuleni isisindo kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala futhi kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Indawo yakho yokulala nezimikhuba nazo ziyabaluleka:

• Lala eceleni kunokulala ngemuva
• Gcina izindlela zakho zempumulo zicacile ngokugeza okunosahluko noma i-decongestants
• Gwema ukudla okukhulu, i-caffeine, notshwala ngaphambi kokulala
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier uma umoya owomile uthukuthelisa izindlela zakho zokuphefumula
• Yenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwempumulo ngokugeza okunosahluko
• Yenza imizamo yentamo nolwimi njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho

Uma unezici ezingozi ongenakuzishintsha, njengomlando womndeni noma ubudala, gxila kulawo ongawaguqula. Ukuhlola njalo nodokotela wakho kungakusiza ekutholeni i-sleep apnea kusenesikhathi lapho kulula ukuyiphatha.

I-sleep apnea ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-sleep apnea ngokuvamile kuqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe ngezimpawu zakho nezindlela zakho zokulala. Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngokuqeda kwakho, ukukhathala emini, nanoma yimiphi imibono imbangi yakho eyenze ngokuphefumula kwakho ngenkathi ulala.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kugxila ezindleleni zakho zokuphefumula nentamo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukuzungezile kwentamo yakho, ahlole intamo yakho ukuze abone izicubu ezinkulu, futhi abuke izimpawu zokuvimba kwempumulo noma izinkinga zokwakheka ezingase zifake isandla ebunzimeni bokuphumula.

Isikhokelo sokuhlola i-sleep apnea yisifundo sokulala, esibizwa nangokuthi i-polysomnography. Lokhu kungenziwa ekamelweni lokulala noma ngezinye izikhathi ekhaya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithwalayo. Ngenkathi kufundwa, izinzwa zilawula ukuphefumula kwakho, izinga lenhliziyo, umsebenzi wobuchopho, namazinga okufinyelela komoya ebusuku lonke.

Izivivinyo zokulala zasekhaya ziyaqala ukuba khona kubantu abanezibonakaliso ezicacile futhi abangenazo ezinye izifo zokulala. Lezi zivivinyo ezilula zigxile ezindleleni zokuphefumula namazinga okufinyelela komoya. Noma kunjalo, izifundo zelebhu zinikeza ulwazi oluphelele futhi kuyadingeka ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma lapho ezinye izifo zokulala zithathwa.

Yini ukwelapha kwe-sleep apnea?

Ukwelapha i-sleep apnea kuncike kuhlobo nobunzima besimo sakho. Umgomo ukugcina indlela yakho yomoya ivulekile ngenkathi ulala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuphumula okuhle, okungaphazanyiswa.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) yindlela evamile futhi esebenza kahle yokwelapha i-obstructive sleep apnea ephakathi nayo ebukhali. Le mishini inikeza umoya ophezulu nge-mask ukuze igcine indlela yomoya ivulekile. Nakuba kudinga ukusetshenziswa, abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpawu zabo phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ezinye izinto zokuphefumula zihlanganisa imishini ye-BiPAP, enikeza amazinga ahlukene okuphefumula nokuphuma komoya, nemishini ye-Auto-PAP eyalela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucindezela ebusuku lonke. Lezi zinketho zisebenza kahle kubantu abanamahloni okubekezelela ukwelashwa okuvamile kwe-CPAP.

Izinto zokwelapha zomlomo zinikeza inketho engathinti kakhulu ye-sleep apnea ephansi kuya kwephakathi. Lezi zinto eziqondene nomuntu zibuyisela umhlathi wakho noma ulwimi ukuze zigcine indlela yomoya ivulekile. Zisebenza kahle kubantu abangenakubekezelela imishini ye-CPAP.

Izinketho zokucutshungulwa ziyatholakala lapho ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi:

• Ukususa izicubu eziningi zentamo (UPPP)
• Ukubekwa kabusha kwama-jaw bones (maxillomandibular advancement)
• Izinto ezihlanzwe ezishukumisa imisipha yendlela yomoya
• Ukuhlinzwa kwempumulo ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza komoya
• Ukususa amatonsils amakhulu noma ama-adenoids

Ngokuphathelene ne-central sleep apnea, ukwelapha ngokuvamile kugxila ekunakekeleni izimo ezikhona njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bazuza ezintweni ze-adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) noma imithi eshukumisa ukuphefumula.

Indlela yokuphatha i-sleep apnea ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-sleep apnea, kusebenza kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokulala. Ukushintsha okuncane kokuphila kungenza umehluko omkhulu ezimpawu zakho nasempilweni yakho yonke.

Isikhundla sokulala siyabaluleka kunokuba ucabanga. Ukulala eceleni kuvimbela ulwimi lwakho nezicubu ezithambile ekuweni emuva nokuphazamisa indlela yomoya. Ungasebenzisa i-body pillow noma izinto ezikhethekile zokubeka ukuze zikusize uhlale eceleni ebusuku lonke.

Ukulawula isisindo kuhlala kuyinye yezindlela ezisebenza kakhulu zasekhaya. Ngisho nokuncipha kwe-10% kwesisindo somzimba kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu ze-sleep apnea. Gxila ekudleni okulinganiselayo okunezithelo eziningi, imifino, namaprotheni ahlanzekile ngenkathi ugcina ukudla okucutshunguliwe nama-calories amaningi.

Dala indawo yokulala enhle nomkhuba:

• Gcina ikamelo lakho lokulala lipholile, limnyama, futhi lithule
• Yenza isikhathi sokulala nesikhathi sokuvuka esiqondile
• Gwema ukudla okukhulu, i-caffeine, notshwala ngaphambi kokulala
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier uma umoya owomile uthukuthelisa izindlela zakho zokuphefumula
• Yenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwempumulo ngokugeza okunosahluko
• Yenza imizamo yentamo nolwimi njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho

Uma usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-CPAP, ukugcinwa okuhle kubalulekile. Hlanza i-mask yakho ne-tubing njalo, shintsha ama-filters njengoba kudingeka, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-mask yakho ifanelana kahle. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukwandisa isikhathi sabo sokuyisebenzisa kancane kancane kubasiza ekujwayelana nokwelashwa kwe-CPAP ngokunethezeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ye-sleep apnea kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nesiqondiso sokwelapha esisebenza kahle. Qala ngokugcina idayari yokulala okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho, uqaphele isikhathi sokulala, isikhathi sokuvuka, nokuthi uzizwa ukhulu kangakanani ekuseni.

Cela imbangi yakho yokulala ukuba ize nawe noma inikeze imibono ebhaliwe ngezindlela zakho zokulala. Bangachaza ukuqeda kwakho, noma yikuphi ukuyeka kokuphefumula abakuqaphile, nokuthi uvuka kangaki ebusuku. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekulinganisweni lodokotela wakho.

Butha ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze ulethe e-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yamanje kanye nezinye izinto zokuthuthukisa
• Umbiko wezokwelapha, kuhlanganise izinkinga zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Umbiko womndeni wezifo zokulala
• Imininingwane ngezimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zithinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke
• Ulwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwakho utshwala ne-caffeine
• Noma yiziphi izifundo zokulala noma izindlela zokwelapha ozizamele

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengohlobo lwesifundo sokulala ongase usikudinge, izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona, nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubona ukuthuthuka. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo kunoma yini ongayiqondi.

Yini eyinhloko nge-sleep apnea?

I-sleep apnea yisimo esingathi sína kodwa esiphatheka kalula esithinta izigidi zabantu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ukuthi ukuzizwa ukhathele naphezu kokuthola ukulala okwanele akuyona into evamile, futhi awudingi ukuhlala nayo.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinhlanganisela zezempilo ezingathi sína futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Abantu abaningi abane-sleep apnea babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu emandleni abo, esimweni sengqondo, nasempilweni yonke phakathi namasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwelapha i-sleep apnea kuyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Okusebenza kahle komunye umuntu kungase kungabi yindlela efanele komunye. Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo ukuthola ukwelapha okulungele indlela yakho yokuphila nezidingo zakho zezokwelapha.

Uhambo lokuya ekulaleni okungcono luqala ngokuqaphela izimpawu nokuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola usizo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokushintsha kokuphila, ungabheka phambili ebusuku obuphumule kanye nezinsuku ezinamandla phambili.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-sleep apnea

Ingaphela yodwa i-sleep apnea?

I-sleep apnea ayivamile ukuthi iphele ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi izimo eziphakathi nayo ebukhali. Noma kunjalo, i-sleep apnea ephansi ingase ithuthuke ngokulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu, ukushintsha kokuphila, noma ukwelashwa kwezimo ezikhona njengokuvimba kwempumulo. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo ukuze bagcine izimpawu zabo zilawulwa futhi bavimbele izinhlanganisela zezempilo.

Ingaba yingozi i-sleep apnea uma ingaphathwa?

Yebo, i-sleep apnea engaphathwa ingabangela izinkinga zezempilo ezingathi sína kuhlanganise uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo senhliziyo, ukushaya, nesifo sikashukela. Iphinde ikhuphule ingozi yengozi ngenxa yokukhathala emini. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zingozi zinciphisa kakhulu ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukujwayela ukwelashwa kwe-CPAP?

Abantu abaningi badinga amasonto angu-2-4 ukuze bajwayele ngokuphelele ukwelashwa kwe-CPAP, nakuba abanye baqaphela ukuthuthuka ekhwalithi yokulala kwabo phakathi kwamabili okuqala. Kuyinto evamile ukuhlangabezana nokungakhululeki okuqala nge-mask noma ukucindezela. Ukusebenza nodokotela wakho wezokulala ukuthola i-mask efanele kanye namazinga okucindezela kungasiza ekuqedeni inqubo yokujwayela.

Ingabe abantwana bangaba ne-sleep apnea?

Yebo, abantwana bangathuthukisa i-sleep apnea, ngokuvamile ngenxa yamatonsils amakhulu nama-adenoids. Izimpawu kubantwana zihlanganisa ukuqeda okuzwakalayo, ukulala okungakhululeki, ukunisela embhedeni, kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha emini noma ubunzima bokuhlanganisa. Ukwelapha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukususa amatonsils amakhulu nama-adenoids, okungase kulungise ngokuphelele lesi simo.

Ingabe ukulahlekelwa isisindo kuyaphilisa i-sleep apnea?

Ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungathuthukisa kakhulu noma kuphelise i-sleep apnea kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhuluphala okweqile kuyimbangela ephambili. Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu one-sleep apnea okhuluphele, futhi izici zokwakheka njengokwakheka komhlathi noma izicubu ezinkulu zingase zidinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngisho noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungapheli ngokuphelele i-sleep apnea yakho, ngokuvamile kwenza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zibe nemiphumela emihle.