Iyini i-Smallpox? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Smallpox yisifo esibuhlungu esithathelwanayo esasibulala izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa sapheliswa ngokuphelele ngokugonywa ngo-1980. Lokhu kugula okubangelwa yi-virus kwakubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kwesikhumba futhi kwakunezinga eliphezulu lokufa, okwenza kwaba ngesinye sezifo ezesabekayo emlandweni wesintu.

Namuhla, i-smallpox ikhona kuphela ezindaweni ezimbili ezivikelekile zelebhu ngenhloso yocwaningo. Inhlangano Yezempilo Yezwe (WHO) iyamemezela njengesiqala sesifo somuntu esisusiwe ngemizamo yokugonywa emhlabeni jikelele.

Iyini i-Smallpox?

I-Smallpox yayiyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa yi-variola virus. Ukutheleleka kwakusabalala kalula kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngezicubu zomoya kanye nokuthintana ngqo nezinto ezigulayo.

Lesi sifo sathola igama laso ezikhwameni ezincane, ezigcwele i-pus, ezihlanganisa umzimba wonke. Lezi zilonda ezibuhlungu zazigcina zibambe futhi ziwe, ngokuvamile zishiya amabala ahlala njalo kubantu abaphila.

Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-smallpox. I-Variola major yayiyilona hlobo olukhulu kakhulu, inani lokufa lingama-20-40%, kanti i-variola minor yayinezinga lokufa elingaphansi kuka-1%.

Zaziphi Izimpawu ze-Smallpox?

Izimpawu ze-smallpox zazivele ngezigaba, ziqala ngemizwa efana ne-influenza ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuqhuma okubonakalayo. Izimpawu zokuqala zazivame ukudida abantu ngoba zazifana nezifo ezivamile.

Izimpawu zokuqala zazifaka:

• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane (101-104°F)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu kwekhanda nezinhlungu zomzimba
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu behlombe, ikakhulukazi emhlane ophansi
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-4, ukuqhuma okuqondene nakho kwakubonakala. Lokhu kuqhuma kwaqhubeka ngezigaba ezithile odokotela ababelisebenzisa ukuthola lesi sifo.

Ukuqhuma kwakulandela leli phethini:

1. Amabala amancane abomvu avele kuqala olimini nasemlonyeni
2. Ama-bumps abomvu asabalala ebusweni, ezingalweni, nasezinzwaneni phakathi namahora angu-24
3. Ama-bumps agcwele ulwelo, aba yizilonda ezibuhlungu
4. Izilonda zakha ama-crusts nama-scabs amakhulu
5. Ama-scabs awa ngemva kwamasonto angu-2-4, ngokuvamile eshiya amabala ajulile

Ukuqhuma kwakumboza umzimba wonke ngokulinganayo, kufaka phakathi izandla nezinyawo. Lokhu kwakwehlukanisa i-smallpox kwi-chickenpox, lapho ukuqhuma kuvela ngamaqembu futhi kungathinti izandla nezinyawo.

Yini eyayibangela i-Smallpox?

I-variola virus yayibangela i-smallpox, eyingxenye yomndeni we-viruses ebizwa nge-orthopoxviruses. Le virus yayiyodwa kubantu futhi yayingaphili ezilwaneni noma endaweni isikhathi eside.

I-virus yasabalala ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ukuphefumula izicubu lapho abantu abagulayo bekhwehlela noma bethukuthela
• Ukuthintana ngqo nezilonda zesikhumba noma ama-scabs agulayo
• Ukuthinta izingubo, imibhede, noma ezinye izinto eziningi
• Ukuthintana eduze ubuso nobuso ngesikhathi sokubonisana

Abantu babeyingozi kakhulu ngesonto lokuqala lokuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, bangasabalalisa i-virus kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho wonke ama-scabs ewa ngokuphelele.

I-virus yayiyingozi ngokukhethekile ngoba yayingaphila ezingosini isikhathi eside. Izinto eziningi zazisalulama izinyanga ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Umuntu Kufanele Abone Udokotela Nini Nge-Smallpox?

Noma ubani onezimpawu ezithathwayo ze-smallpox wayedinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuhlukaniswa. Ukuhlanganiswa komkhuhlane ophezulu okulandela ukuqhuma okubonakalayo kwakudinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Abantu kufanele bafune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma behlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane nge-headache enkulu nobuhlungu behlombe
• Noma yikuphi ukuqhuma okuqala ebusweni futhi kusabalale emzimbeni
• Ukuqhuma ngama-bumps alinganayo azizwa eqinile futhi kujulile
• Ukuvezwa kwaziwayo kumuntu onayo i-smallpox

Ukuqaphela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwakubalulekile ngoba abantu abagulayo babeyidinga ukuhlukaniswa ukuvimbela ukusabalala komphakathi. Ochwepheshe bezempilo babeyidinga ukubika amacala athathwayo eziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi ngokushesha.

Zaziphi Izingozi Zokuthola I-Smallpox?

Ngaphambi kokususwa, izinto ezithile zande amathuba akho okuthola i-smallpox. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezithatha ingozi kusize imiphakathi ukuvikela abantu abathintekayo.

Izingozi eziyinhloko zazifaka:

• Ukuthintana eduze nabantu abagulayo
• Ukuphila ezimweni ezihlanganisiwe noma ezindawo ezinabantu abaningi
• Ukungaqondwa yi-smallpox
• I-immune system ebuthakathaka evela kwezinye izifo
• Ubudala (abantwana nabantu abadala babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu)
• Ukusebenza kwezempilo noma ukuphatha izinto eziningi

Abesifazane abakhulelwe babhekene nezingozi ezengeziwe, njengoba i-smallpox ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umntwana noma ukungapheli kahle komntwana. I-virus ingadlula futhi kusuka kunina kuya kumntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukulethwa.

Abantu abanezimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema babe nezingozi eziphezulu zezinkinga ezinzima uma bethatha i-smallpox vaccine. Lokhu kwadalela izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nokugonywa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Zaziphi Izingozi Ezingaba khona ze-Smallpox?

I-Smallpox yabangela izinkinga ezinzima ezivame ukubangela ukufa noma ukukhubazeka okungapheli. Lezi zinkinga zithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha.

Izingozi ezivamile zazifaka:

• Ukutheleleka okubangelwa ama-bacteria esikhumba
• I-pneumonia nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (encephalitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okuholela ekuphulukeni kobuso
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okukhulu nokuthukuthela
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nezinhlungu zegazi

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinhlobo ze-smallpox ezimbi kodwa ezimbi. I-hemorrhagic smallpox yabangela ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu futhi kwakubulala cishe njalo. I-flat-type smallpox yayinokuqhubeka okuhamba kancane kodwa nayo yayinezinga eliphezulu lokufa.

Abantu abaphila bavame ukubhekana nemiphumela yexesha elide ehlanganisa amabala ajulile, ikakhulukazi ebusweni. Abanye abantu balahlekelwe ukubona kwabo, kanti abanye babhekana nezinhlungu zezinhlangothi noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingapheli.

I-Smallpox Yayitholakala Kanjani?

Odokotela babethola i-smallpox ngokuyinhloko ngokuqaphela iphethini yokuqhuma okubonakalayo nokuqhubeka. Ukwahlukaniswa okulinganayo kwezilonda esigabeni esifanayo sokuthuthuka kwakuyiqondisa ezinye izifo.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo babheka izici ezithile:

• Ukuqhuma okuqala ebusweni futhi kusabalale phansi
• Izilonda ezivela ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ziqhubeka ndawonye
• Ama-bumps ajulile, aqinile azizwa njengemithi emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezandla nezinyawo
• Ukuqhuma komkhuhlane noso olukhulu

Izivivinyo zelebhu zingakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuqaphela i-variola virus. Odokotela babethatha amasampula ezilondeni futhi bawathumela emahhovisi akhethekile ukuze ahlolwe.

Emacaleni athathwayo, iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi ziye zahlola imithombo yokuvuleleka. Lokhu kulandelela ukuthintana kuye kwakusiza ukuthola ezinye izimo ezingaba khona futhi kuvimbele ukusabalala okwengeziwe.

Bekuyini Ukwelapha kwe-Smallpox?

Akukho ukwelapha okuqondile kwe-antiviral okwakukhona kwi-smallpox, ngakho odokotela bagxile ekunakekelweni okusekela nokuphatha izinkinga. Umgomo kwakuwukugcina abantu bekhululekile ngenkathi izinhlelo zabo zokulwa nezifo zilwa nokutheleleka.

Izindlela zokwelapha zazifaka:

• Ukuhlukaniswa ukuvimbela ukusabalala sesifo
• Ukuphathwa komkhuhlane ngezindlela zokuphola namathangi
• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngemithi efanele
• Ama-antibiotics wokutheleleka okubangelwa ama-bacteria
• Ukukhathalela izilonda ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okwengeziwe
• Ukusekelwa kokudla nokugcwala kwamanzi

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezilingayo zaveza ithemba kodwa zazingekho kalula. Imithi ye-antiviral efana ne-cidofovir yahlolwa kodwa ayikaze ibonakale isebenza emacaleni abantu.

Ukuphathwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuvimbela ngokugonywa. I-smallpox vaccine ingavimbela ukutheleleka ngisho nangemva kokuvuleleka uma inikezwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4.

I-Smallpox Yayingavikeleka Kanjani?

Ukugonywa kwakuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-smallpox futhi ekugcineni kwaholela ekususweni kwayo okuphelele. I-vaccine yanikeza ukhuseleko oluhlala iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokunikezwa.

Izindlela zokuvimbela zazifaka:

• Izinhlelo zokugonywa eziqondile zabantu bonke
• Ukugonywa kwezingqimba ezizungezile amacala aqinisekisiwe
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abagulayo
• Ukuvalwa kwabantu abavulekile
• Ukuphathwa nokuxoshwa kwento eziningi ngendlela efanele
• Ukubhekwa kwezempilo zomphakathi nokubika

Umkhankaso wokususwa emhlabeni jikelele usebenzise indlela ehloliwe ebizwa ngokuthi ukugonywa kwezingqimba. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukugonywa kwabo bonke abantu abathintene namacala aqinisekisiwe, ukudala isivikelo esizungezile ukuqhuma.

Namuhla, ukugonywa okuqondile kwe-smallpox kuye kwama, ngoba lesi sifo asisakhona. Kodwa-ke, abanye abasebenzi bezempi nabasebenzi belebhu basagonywa njengokuqapha.

Yini Eyinhloko Mayelana ne-Smallpox?

I-Smallpox imelelwe omunye wemisebenzi enkulu yezokwelapha - ukususwa okuphelele kwesifo esibulalayo ngemizamo yokugonywa emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kufezekiswa kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini lapho izwe lisebenza ndawonye ezintweni ezinzima zezempilo yomphakathi.

Lesi sifo esasibangela ukwesaba kwesintu futhi sabulala izigidi zabantu manje sikukhona kuphela ezindaweni ezimbili ezivikelekile zelebhu. Lokhu kufezekiswa okuhle kuthathe amashumi eminyaka wokuzinikela, ukwakhiwa kwesayensi, nokuhlanganyela kwamazwe ngamazwe.

Nakuba i-smallpox isiphelile, izifundo ezifundiwe ekuqothulweni kwayo ziyaqhubeka nokuqondisa imizamo yokulwa nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Impumelelo ibonisa ukuthi nge-vaccines efanele, ukubhekwa, nokuhlanganyela kwamazwe ngamazwe, singanqoba ngisho ne-pathogens ezisabekayo kakhulu.

Ukuqonda umlando we-smallpox kusisiza futhi siqonde ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokugonywa nezakhiwo zezempilo yomphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo zisivikela ekuqhamuka kwezifo futhi zimelela isivikelo esihle sesintu ezingozini ezithathelwanayo.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Smallpox

Ingabuya yodwa i-smallpox?

Cha, i-smallpox ayikwazi ukubuya yodwa ngoba i-virus ayisakhona emvelweni. I-variola virus yayiyodwa kubantu futhi yayingaphili ezilwaneni noma endaweni isikhathi eside. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwesigameko semvelo ngo-1977, ayikho imithombo ye-virus yokubuya yodwa.

Ingabe i-smallpox vaccine isanikezwa namuhla?

Ukugonywa okuqondile kwe-smallpox kuye kwama ngawo-1970 ngoba lesi sifo siphelile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abasebenzi bezempi, abasebenzi belebhu, nabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo basagonywa njengokuqapha. I-vaccine iphethwe futhi uma kwenzeka izingozi ze-bioterrorism.

I-smallpox ihluke kanjani kwi-chickenpox?

I-Smallpox ne-chickenpox yizifo ezihlukile ezingelwa yi-viruses ezihlukile. Izilonda ze-smallpox zivele ngokulinganayo emzimbeni esigabeni esifanayo, kufaka phakathi izandla nezinyawo. Izilonda ze-chickenpox zivela ngamaqembu ezigabeni ezihlukile futhi azithinti izandla nezinyawo. I-Smallpox yayiyingozi kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu lokufa.

Ingasetshenziswa njengesihlangu se-biological i-smallpox?

Lokhu kusaphathwa njengokukhathazeka kwabachwepheshe bezobuhle ngoba i-virus isakhona ezindaweni ezimbili zelebhu. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe okuqinile nezinyathelo zokuphepha zivikela lezi sampula. Izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi zigcina izinhlelo zokuphepha ezimo eziphuthumayo ne-vaccine stockpiles ukuze zixazulule noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Kuyokwenzekani uma othile ethola i-smallpox namuhla?

Uma icala livela namuhla, lizoqalisa ukuphepha okusheshayo kwamazwe ngamazwe. Umuntu uzohlukaniswa, ukuthintana kuzolandelelwa futhi kugonywe, futhi iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele zizohlanganisa imizamo yokulawula. Njengoba abantu abaningi abagonywanga, ukuphepha okusheshayo kuyoba kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala.