Ukuqhwaba yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqhwaba yini?

Ukuqhwaba yilowo mkhuba olukhulu, oluzwakalayo oluvela lapho umoya ungakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kwempumulo nomlomo wakho ngesikhathi ulele. Kwenzeka lapho izicubu ezithambile endleleni yomoya wakho zikhululeka futhi zivuza njengoba uphefumula.

Cishe wonke umuntu uqhwaba ngezinye izikhathi, futhi ngokuvamile akunakubi. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo njalo kungaphazanyiswa izinga lokulala kwakho futhi kuthonye nokuphumula komlingani wakho. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela ukuqhwaba kwakho kungakusiza uthole indlela efanele yokuqeda ubusuku obukhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqhwaba?

Isilwane esibonakalayo kakhulu yilowo mkhuba ngokwawo, kodwa ukuqhwaba kuvame ukuba nezinhlobo zezimpawu ongenakuzixhumanisa ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingathinta izinga lokulala kwakho nendlela ozizwa ngayo emini.

Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imikhuba yokuheha olukhulu ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukulala okungapheli noma ukuvuka njalo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda ekuseni
• Umlomo owomile noma ubuhlungu bomlomo lapho uvuka
• Ukukhathala noma ukulala emini
• Ubunzima bokuqonda emini
• Ukuqina noma ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezingase zibonise i-sleep apnea. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphefumula noma ukuminza ngesikhathi ulele, ukuphefumula okuye kwabonwa, nokulala okukhulu emini ngisho nangemva kokulala ubusuku bonke.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqhwaba?

Ukuqhwaba kungahlelwa ngokusekelwe lapho isikhungo senzeka khona endleleni yomoya wakho. Ukuqonda uhlobo kungasiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha efanele isimo sakho esithile.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

Ukuqhwaba okuvela empumlweni

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izindawo zakho zempumulo zivaliwe noma zincike. Ungase uqaphele lolu hlobo kakhulu ngesikhathi sesizini ye-allergy noma lapho unefriji. Ngokuvamile kuzwakala kukhanya futhi kuqine kunezinye izinhlobo.

Ukuqhwaba okuvela emlonyeni

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ulele ngomlomo ovulekile futhi ulimi lwakho luwela emuva. Ngokuvamile kukhiqiza imikhuba yokuqhwaba enkulu, enkulu. Abantu abaphefumula ngomlomo ebusuku ngokuvamile baye baba nalolu hlobo.

Ukuqhwaba okuvela ehlombe

Lolu yilolu hlobo oluvamile futhi olukhulu kunazo zonke. Kwenzeka lapho izicubu ezithambile ngemuva komlomo wakho zikhululeka kakhulu. I-uvula ne-soft palate zivuza ngokumelene komunye nomunye, zidala lowo mkhuba wokuqhwaba ovamile.

Ukuqhwaba okuvela elizimini

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ulimi lwakho lukhululeka futhi luwela emuva ehlombe lakho. Kuvamile kakhulu lapho ulele ngemuva futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonise i-sleep apnea, ikakhulu uma kuhambisana nokuphefumula okuye kwama.

Yini ebangela ukuqhwaba?

Ukuqhwaba kwenzeka lapho kukhona okuvimba ukuhamba komoya ngokukhululekile ngempumulo nomlomo wakho. Ngesikhathi ulele, imisipha kulezi zindawo ikhululeka ngokwemvelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ikhululeka ngokwanele ukuvimba indlela yomoya wakho.

Izinto eziningi zingase zibe nomthelela kuleli vimba:

Izinto eziphathekayo

• I-soft palate ebukhulu noma ephansi ecinca indlela yomoya wakho
• I-tonsils noma i-adenoids ezinkulu
• I-uvula ende (isicubu esilengayo ngemuva komlomo wakho)
• I-deviated nasal septum
• I-nasal polyps noma ukugcwala okuqhubekayo

Izinto zendlela yokuphila

• Ukuba ngumuntu onesisindo esiningi, okungangeza izicubu ezingqongqoze intamo yakho
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokulala
• Ukubhema, okubangela ukuvuvukala nokugcinwa kwamanzi
• Imithi ethile ephumula imisipha yomlomo
• Isimo sokulala, ikakhulukazi ukulala ngemuva

Izinto zesikhashana

• Ukugcwala kwempumulo okubangelwa ukugula noma i-allergies
• Ukushintsha okuhlobene nokukhulelwa
• Ukukhathala okukhulu

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimo ezingavamile njengolimi olukhulu (macroglossia) noma ukungalingani kwesigaxa kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekuqhwabeni. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezihambelana nesimo sakho.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqhwaba?

Nakuba ukuqhwaba okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi kuyinto evamile, izimpawu ezithile zikhomba ukuthi kufanele ukhulume nodokotela. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukufuna usizo uma ukuqhwaba kwakho kuthonya impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma izinga lokulala kwakho.

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo kakhulu okuthinta ukulala kwabanye
• Ukuphefumula noma ukuminza ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukuphefumula okuye kwabonwa ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukukhathala okukhulu emini ngisho nangemva kokulala isikhathi esanele
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda ekuseni noma umlomo owomile njalo
• Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi eliphakeme okunzima ukulawula
• Ubuhlungu besifuba ebusuku

Ungalindi uma umlingani wakho eqaphela ukuthi uyeka ukuphefumula ngesikhathi ulele. Lokhu kungase kubonise i-sleep apnea, isimo esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokuphila kwakho kakhulu.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikubeke engozini yokuqhwaba?

Izinto ezithile zikwenza kube lula ukuqhwaba njalo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikubeke engozini kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kungani ungase uqhwaba nokuthi yini ongayishintsha.

Izinto ezingase zikubeke engozini eziqhelile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesilisa (abesilisa banethuba elingaphezulu kabili lokuqhwaba)
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40, njengoba imisipha yomlomo ibuthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuba ngumuntu onesisindo esiningi, ikakhulukazi ngqongqoze intamo
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wokuqhwaba noma i-sleep apnea
• Izindawo ezincane zomoya ngenxa yezakhiwo
• Ukugcwala kwempumulo okuqhubekayo
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala njalo
• Ukubhema noma ukubhekana nokubhema

Abanye abantu nabo babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha njenge-hypothyroidism, i-acromegaly, noma ezinye izimo zezakhiwo. Noma kunjalo, lezi zizimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngisho noma unezinto eziningi ezingase zikubeke engozini, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona ukukusiza ulele ngokuthula.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuqhwaba?

Ukuqhwaba okuqhubekayo kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu kunokuphazanyiswa kokulala. Nakuba ukuqhwaba okulula ngokuvamile akunakubi, ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo okuqhubekayo ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonise izinkinga ezingaphansi ezingase zithinte impilo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokulala

• Izinga lokulala elibi eliholela ekuqinisweni emini
• I-sleep apnea, lapho ukuphefumula kuye kuyeke futhi kuqale
• Ukuvuka njalo ebusuku
• Ukuphazanyiswa kokulala komlingani nokucindezeleka kobuhlobo

Izinkinga ezihlobene nempilo

• Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi eliphakeme ngenxa yokwehla okuphindaphindayo komoya
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkinga yokushaya
• Ukuthuthukiswa noma ukwanda kwe-type 2 diabetes
• Ukuqina nokukhathazeka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ubuthongo obuqhubekayo
• Ukunciphisa amandla omzimba

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-sleep apnea enzima engalashwanga ingase iholele ezinkingeni ezinzima njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Noma kunjalo, ngokuhlolwa nokwelashwa okufanele, lezi zingozi zinganciphisa kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abalungisa ukuqhwaba kwabo babona ukuthuthuka kokulala kwabo nempilo yabo yonke.

Ukuqhwaba kungavikeleka kanjani?

Izimo eziningi zokuqhwaba zinganciphisa noma zivinjwe ngokushintsha okulula kwesitayela sempilo. Ikhona ukulungisa izinto ebangela izindawo zakho zomoya zivaliwe noma zincike ngesikhathi ulele.

Izindlela zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

Ukushintsha isimo sokulala

• Ulele ohlangothini lwakho kunokuba ngemuva
• Phakamisa ikhanda lakho ngama-intshi angu-4-6 ngama-pillow engeziwe
• Sebenzisa i-body pillow ukuze ugcine ukulala ohlangothini

Ukushintsha kwesitayela sempilo

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo
• Gwema utshwala amahora angu-3-4 ngaphambi kokulala
• Yekela ukubhema noma gwema ukubhema
• Hlala unamanzi usuku lonke
• Yenza amashejuli okulala ajwayelekile

Ukukhathalela impumulo

• Sebenzisa i-saline nasal rinses ukuze unciphise ukugcwala
• Zama ama-nasal strips ukuze uvule izindawo zomoya
• Welapha i-allergies ngemithi efanele
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze uvimbele ukucasuka komoya owomile

Nakuba la manyathelo angasiza abantu abaningi kakhulu, ezinye izimbangela zokuqhwaba zidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Uma ukushintsha kwesitayela sempilo kungathuthukisi ukuqhwaba kwakho ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, kufanele ukhulume nezinye izinketho nodokotela wakho.

Ukuqhwaba kuhlolwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kokuqhwaba ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezindlela zakho zokulala nezimpawu. Bazofuna ukuqonda ukuthi uqhwaba kangakanani, ukuthi kuzwakala kangakanani, nokuthi kuthonya kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzo:

• Buyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha nemithi oyithathayo
• Hlola impumulo yakho, umlomo, umlomo, nentamo
• Hlola igazi lakho eliphezulu nesisindo
• Buza umlingani wakho wokulala ngezindlela zakho zokuphefumula

Uma udokotela wakho engabaza i-sleep apnea noma ezinye izimo ezinzima, angase akukhuthaze ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo. Ucwaningo lokulala (polysomnography) lungalandelela ukuphefumula kwakho, umsebenzi wengqondo, nezinga lomoya ubusuku bonke. Lokhu kungenziwa esikhungweni sokulala noma ngezinye izikhathi ekhaya ngezinto zokusebenza ezithwalayo.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase akuthumele kudokotela wezindlebe, impumulo, nomlomo ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe. Bangase baqonde izinkinga zesakhiwo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuqhwabeni kwakho futhi bakukhuthaze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuphathwa kokuqhwaba yini?

Ukuphathwa kokuqhwaba kuncike kulokho okubangela isimo sakho esithile. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukuze uthole indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu, ngokuvamile uqale ngezinketho ezingenasiphazamiso kakhulu kuqala.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

Ukuphathwa okuqondile

• Ukuqhubeka kokucindezela komoya okuhle (CPAP) nge-sleep apnea
• Izinto zokulala ezishintsha isisu sakho noma ulimi
• Imithi yokunciphisa ukugcwala kwempumulo noma i-allergies
• Izinhlelo zokulahlekelwa isisindo lapho kufaneleka khona

Izindlela zokwelapha

• I-Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) ukususa izicubu eziningi zomlomo
• I-Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) yokunciphisa izicubu
• I-Radiofrequency ablation ukunciphisa izicubu ze-soft palate
• Ukuhlinzwa kwempumulo ukulungisa izinkinga zesakhiwo
• Izinto zokufaka ukuqinisa i-soft palate

Ezimeni ezinzima, ukuhlinzwa okubanzi kakhulu kungase kubhekwe, njengokushintsha isisu noma ukunciphisa isisekelo lolimi. Noma kunjalo, lezi ngokuvamile zigcinelwe lapho ezinye izindlela zingaphumelelanga. Udokotela wakho uzosikhuthaza ukulinganisa izinzuzo nezingozi zale nketho ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqhwaba ekhaya?

Izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya nezinguquko zesitayela sempilo zingasiza ekuqedeni ukuqhwaba kwakho. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kangcono ekuqhwabeni okulula kuya kokuphakathi futhi ngokuvamile zingakhiqiza ukuthuthuka okukhulu uma zisetshenziswa njalo.

Izindlela zokuphatha zasekhaya eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

Izindlela zokususa ngokushesha

• Ulele ngekhanda eliphezulu usebenzisa ama-wedge pillows
• Sebenzisa ama-nasal strips noma ama-external nasal dilators
• Zama ukuzivocavoca komlomo nolimi ukuqinisa imisipha
• Yenza ukuhlanzeka okulala okuhle ngezikhathi zokulala eziqondile

Ukushintsha kwesitayela sempilo isikhathi eside

• Lahlekelwa isisindo kancane uma unesondo esiningi
• Zivocavoca njalo ukuthuthukisa amandla emisipha
• Gwema izidakamizwa notshwala ngaphambi kokulala
• Hlala unamanzi usuku lonke
• Welapha i-allergies noma izinkinga zesinus

Abanye abantu bathola impumelelo ngezinto zokulwa nokuqhwaba njenge-mouthpieces noma ama-chin straps, nakuba imiphumela ihlukahlukene. Ama-essential oils njenge-peppermint noma i-eucalyptus angasiza ekuqinisweni kwempumulo, kodwa awuyona imithi eyiqinisekisiwe. Khumbula ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya zisebenza kangcono njengengxenye yendlela ephelele kunokuba zibe yizixazululo ezihlukile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde kangcono ukuqhwaba kwakho futhi enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo. Ulwazi oluningi ongalunikeza, ukunakekelwa kwakho kuzoqondiswa kangcono.

Ngaphambi kwendlu yakho:

• Gcina idayari yokulala amasonto angu-1-2 uqaphele izindlela zokuqhwaba
• Bala yonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ozithathayo
• Bhala phansi imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha
• Cela umlingani wakho wokulala ukuthi aqaphele izindlela zakho zokuphefumula
• Letha ulwazi mayelana nokuphathwa kwangaphambili okuye kwazama

Ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti, qinisani ngendlela ukuqhwaba kwakho okuthonya impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Khumbula noma yikuphi ukukhathala emini, ubuhlungu bekhanda ekuseni, noma izinkinga zobuhlobo eziholelwe ukuqhwaba kwakho. Ungajabuli ngokuxoxa ngale miphumela, njengoba zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ubukhulu besimo sakho.

Udokotela wakho angase abuze ngomlando womndeni wokuqhwaba noma i-sleep apnea, ngakho zama ukuqoqa lolu lwazi ngaphambili uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kulungiselela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukubuyekezwa nokukhuthazwa kokwelapha okuphelele kakhulu.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqhwaba?

Ukuqhwaba kuyinto evamile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuphatheka ngendlela efanele. Nakuba ukuqhwaba okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvamile akunakubi, ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo okuqhubekayo akufanele kunqatshelwe, ikakhulu uma kuthonya izinga lokulala kwakho noma impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kukhona cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuqhwaba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isisombululo sakho sihlanganisa ukushintsha okulula kwesitayela sempilo, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, noma ukwelashwa kochwepheshe, awudingi ukwamukela ukulala okubi njengento engenakugwenywa.

Qala ngezinyathelo ezilula njengokulala ohlangothini lwakho, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokugwema utshwala ngaphambi kokulala. Uma lokhu kungasizi ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthi ubone imbangela ethile yokuqhwaba kwakho futhi bakukhuthaze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulungisa ukuqhwaba ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa hhayi nje ukulala kwakho, kodwa nempilo yakho yonke nobuhlobo. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulala ngokuthula kuyitululo empilweni yakho okuholela ekuthuthukeni kwamandla, isimo sengqondo, nengqondo yempilo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqhwaba

Q1: Ingabe ukuqhwaba njalo kuyisibonakaliso se-sleep apnea?

Cha, ukuqhwaba akuyona njalo isibonakaliso se-sleep apnea. Abantu abaningi baqhwaba ngaphandle kokuba naleli simo. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo okuhlangene nokuphefumula, ukuminza, noma ukuphefumula okuye kwabonwa ngesikhathi ulele kungaba izibonakaliso ze-sleep apnea. Uma ukhathazekile, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ongakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kukhona yini okwengeziwe okudingekayo.

Q2: Ingabe izingane zingaqhwaba, futhi nini kufanele ngikhathazeke?

Yebo, izingane zingaqhwaba, nakuba kungavamile kunabantu abadala. Ukuqhwaba okulula okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvamile kuyinto evamile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sefriji. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhwaba okuzwakalayo njalo, ukuphefumula ngomlomo ngesikhathi ulele, noma ukushintsha kokuziphatha njengobunzima bokuqonda kungase kubonise i-tonsils noma i-adenoids ezinkulu. Xhumana nodokotela wezingane zakho uma ingane yakho iqhwaba njalo noma ibonisa izibonakaliso zokulala okubi.

Q3: Ingabe amadivayisi okuqhwaba asebenza ngempela?

Ezinye izinto zokulwa nokuqhwaba zingase zibe nemiphumela emihle, kodwa imiphumela ihlukahlukene kuye ngalokho okubangela ukuqhwaba kwakho. Ama-nasal strips nama-dilators asebenza kahle ekuqhwabeni okuvela empumlweni, kuyilapho izinto zokulala zingasiza ekuqhwabeni okuhlobene nolimi noma isisu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinto azisebenzi kubo bonke, futhi izinkinga zokuqhwaba ezinzima ngokuvamile zidinga ukubuyekezwa nokwelashwa kochwepheshe.

Q4: Ingabe ukwehla kwesisindo kuzoqeda ngokuqinisekile ukuqhwaba kwami?

Ukwehla kwesisindo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhwaba kwabantu abaningi, ikakhulu labo abanesisindo esiningi. Izicubu ezengeziwe ezingqongqoze intamo zingase zicince izindawo zomoya, ngakho ukwehla kwesisindo ngokuvamile kusiza. Noma kunjalo, abantu abancane bangase baqhwaba futhi ngenxa yezinye izinto njengesakhiwo sendlela yomoya noma ukugcwala kwempumulo. Ukwehla kwesisindo kuyinzuzo kodwa kungase kungakhiphi ngokuphelele ukuqhwaba kuzo zonke izimo.

Q5: Ingabe kuyinto evamile ukuthi ukuqhwaba kube sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Yebo, ukuqhwaba ngokuvamile kuya kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba imisipha yomlomo ilahlekelwa amandla ngokwemvelo futhi ibe khululekile ngesikhathi ulele. Izicubu endleleni yomoya wakho ziphinde zibe buthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba lokhu kuyinto evamile yokuguga, akusho ukuthi kufanele wamukele ukuqhwaba okuhlukumezayo. Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zihlala ziphumelela kungakhathaliseki iminyaka, ngakho-ke xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezisombululo ezingase zikusebenzele.