I-Carcinoma Yeseli Esiqinile Yesikhumba

Izindawo eziqoshwe yi-langa, njengezindebe neendlebe, zivame kakhulu ukuthuthukisa i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba. I-Squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba uhlobo lolwempilo oluqala njengokukhula kwamaseli esikhumbeni. Luqala emaseleni abizwa ngamaseli e-squamous. Amaseli e-squamous enza izigaba eziphakathi nangaphandle zesikhumba. I-Squamous cell carcinoma uhlobo oluvamile lolwempilo lwesikhumba. I-Squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi eyingozi. Kodwa uma ingalashwa, i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba ingakhula kakhulu noma isakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukukhula kolwempilo kungabangela izinkinga ezinzima. Iningi le-squamous cell carcinomas yesikhumba libangelwa ukukhanya okuningi kwe-ultraviolet (UV). Ukukhanya kwe-UV kuvela elangeni noma emakhabethe okubhaka noma ezibani. Ukuvikela isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwe-UV kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba nezinye izinhlobo zolwempilo lwesikhumba. I-Squamous cell carcinomas ingaba kuphi na esikhumbeni. Kubantu abashaya ilanga kalula, ulwempilo ngokuvamile lutholakala ezindaweni zesikhumba eziye zaba nelanga eliningi. Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nesibomvu, i-squamous cell carcinomas inamathuba amaningi okutholakala esikhumbeni esingabonakali elangeni, njengezitho zangasese.

I-carcinoma yesikhumba esiqinile sivame ukubonakala esikhumbeni esibekiwe elangeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhanda, izinhlangothi zezandla, izindlebe noma izindebe. Kodwa lingabonakala kuphi na emzimbeni. Lingabonakala ngisho ngaphakathi emlonyeni, phansi kwezinyawo noma ezingutsheni. Uma i-carcinoma yesikhumba esiqinile ibonakala kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nesibomvu, liyaqala ezindaweni ezingabonakali elangeni.

Amatshwayo e-carcinoma yesikhumba esiqinile afaka:

• I-bump eqinile esikhumbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-nodule. I-nodule ingaba yombala ofanayo nesikhumba, noma ingase ibukeke ngokuhlukile. Ingase ibukeke iphinki, ebomvu, emnyama noma ebomvu, kuye ngombala wesikhumba.
• Ubuhlungu obuqhele nge-crust yesikali.
• Ubuhlungu obusha noma indawo ephakeme esikhapheni esidala noma ebuhlungwini.
• I-patch eqinile, enesikali embizeni engase ibe yisilonda esivulekile.
• Ubuhlungu noma i-patch eqinile ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
• I-patch ephakeme noma i-wartlike sore phezu noma ngaphakathi kwesisu noma ezingutsheni.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo ngesilonda noma isikhumba esingapholi ezinyangeni ezimbili noma isikhumba esiqinile, esiqinile esingahambi. Bhalisela mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukubhalisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzoba

Ukuqala komdlavuza wesikhumba kuqala ezicellulweni ezenza ilayi eliphambi lesikhumba, elibizwa ngokuthi i-epidermis. Uhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluthi i-basal cell carcinoma luqala ezicellulweni ze-basal. Izicelluli ze-basal zenze izicelluli zesikhumba eziqhubeka nokusunduzela izicelluli ezindala phezulu. Njengoba izicelluli ezintsha ziqhubeka ziya phezulu, ziyaba izicelluli ze-squamous. Umdlavuza wesikhumba oqala ezicellulweni ze-squamous ubizwa ngokuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba. I-Melanoma, elinye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba, livela ezicellulweni ze-pigment, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-melanocytes.

I-Squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba kwenzeka lapho izicelluli ze-squamous esikhumbeni zithola izinguquko ku-DNA yazo. I-DNA yezicelluli igcina imiyalo eyalela izicelluli ukuthi zenzeni. Iinguquko zitshela izicelluli ze-squamous ukuba zande ngokushesha. Izicelluli ziyaqhubeka nokuphila lapho izicelluli ezempilo zifa njengengxenye yomjikelezo wazo wokuphila wemvelo.

Lokhu kubangela izicelluli eziningi kakhulu. Izicelluli zingahlasela futhi zibhubhise inyama yomzimba enempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicelluli zingaphula futhi zisakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ukuqhuma kwe-ultraviolet (UV) kubangela izinhlanganisela eziningi ze-DNA ezicellulweni zesikhumba. Ukuqhuma kwe-UV kungatholakala ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ezibani zokubasa nokubasa.

Kodwa-ke, imidlavuza yesikhumba ingakhula nasekhumbeni elingavame ukuba ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izinto zingase zengeze engozini yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Esinye salezo zinto kungaba ukuba nesimo esibuthakathaka isimiso somzimba.

Izici ezingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba nesikhumba esishiswa kalula yilanga. Noma ubani onombala wesikhumba angathola umdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba. Kodwa kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abanamanqanaba aphansi e-melanin esikhumbeni sabo. I-Melanin iyinto enikeza umbala esikhumbeni. Iphinde isize ukuvikela isikhumba ekukhanyeni okonakalayo kwe-ultraviolet (UV). Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama noma esibomvu baneminanin eningi kunabantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe.

Ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell iphakeme kakhulu kubantu abanoboya obumhlophe noma obubomvu, abanamehlo emibalabala ekhanyayo futhi banamathambo noma bashiswa kalula yilanga.

• Ukuba elangeni isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwe-UV elangeni kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba. Ukuvala isikhumba ngezingubo noma i-sunblock kungasiza ekuphuculeni ingozi.
• Ukusebenzisa imibhede yokubhentsha. Abantu abasebenzisa imibhede yokubhentsha yangaphakathi banengozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba.
• Ukuba nomlando wokushiswa yilanga. Ukuba uke waba noshisho olulodwa noma ngaphezulu oluphakamisa amabhubhu njengengane noma osemusha kukhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba njengomuntu omdala. Ukushiswa yilanga ebuntwini nakho kuyisici esingozini.
• Ukuba nomlando wezifo zesikhumba ezingaphambi komdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zesikhumba zingaguquka zibe yimdlavuza wesikhumba. Isibonelo yi-actinic keratosis noma i-Bowen disease. Ukuba nokuthi okuthile kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell.
• Ukuba nomlando womdlavuza wesikhumba. Abantu abake baba nomdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba kanye banamathuba amaningi okuwuthola futhi.
• Ukuba nokuqina okubuhlungu kwesistimu yokuvimba umzimba. Abantu abanasistimu yokuvimba umzimba ebuthakathaka banengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abane-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Futhi kuhlanganisa labo abathintela imithi yokulawula isistimu yokuvimba umzimba, njengalabo abake baba nokuhlinzwa kwamalungu.
• Ukuba nesifo esingavamile se-genetic. Abantu abane-xeroderma pigmentosum, ebangela ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga, banengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesikhumba.
• Ukuba nokutheleleka kwe-human papillomavirus (HPV). Lokhu kutheleleka okuvamile okudluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokobulili kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba.
• Ukuba nezimila noma amahluleko ahlala isikhathi eside esikhumbeni. Umdlavuza we-squamous cell wesikhumba ungakha ezimilweni, ezishisweni nasezinyosini ezingapholi.

Ukuqina kwe-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba okungaphathwe ngokufanele kungabhubhisa izicubu eziseduze eziphilile. Kungasakazeka kuma-lymph nodes noma kwamanye amangqamuzana. Futhi kungaba yingozi, yize lokhu kungavamile.

Ingozi yokusabalala kwe-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba ingaba phezulu uma umdlavuza:

• Ukhula kakhulu noma ujulile.
• Uhilela i-mucous membranes, njengezindebe.
• Uvela kumuntu onesistimu yokuvimba ebuthakathaka. Izibonelo zezinto ezingabangela isistimu yokuvimba ebuthakathaka zihlanganisa ukuba ne-leukemia enqabile noma ukuthatha imithi yokulawula isistimu yokuvimba ngemuva kokufakelwa komzimba.

Iningi le-carcinoma yesikhumba esiqinile lingathintelwa. Ukuze uzivikele:

• Gwema ilanga phakathi nosuku. Eningini yeNyakatho Melika, imisebe yelanga iqinile phakathi kwama-10 ekuseni nama-3 ntambama. Hlela imisebenzi yangaphandle ngezinye izikhathi zosuku, ngisho nasebusika noma lapho isibhakabhaka siqengqelekile. Uma ungaphandle, hlala emthunzini ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gqoka i-sunscreen unyaka wonke. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi enenombolo ye-SPF okungenani engu-30, ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamvula. Faka i-sunscreen ngokukhulu. Faka futhi njalo ngemizuzu emibili, noma ngokukhulu uma ugeza noma uhlanza.
• Gqoka izingubo ezivikela. Gqoka izingubo ezimnyama, ezihlanganisiwe ngokukhulu ezihlanganisa izandla nezinyawo. Gqoka iphethelo elikhulu elimbozela ubuso nezinye. Ungakhohlwa izibuko. Bheka lezo ezivimba womabili uhlobo lokukhanya kwe-UV, imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB.
• Ungasebenzisi imibhede yokubasa. Izibani ezisemibhedeni yokubasa zikhulula ukukhanya kwe-UV. Ukusebenzisa imibhede yokubasa kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo bese ubika izinguquko kithi wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bheka isikhumba sakho njalo ukuze ubone ukukhula okusha. Bheka izinguquko ezibala, ama-freckles, izicubu kanye namabala okuzalwa. Sebenzisa izigqoko ukuhlola ubuso bakho, intamo, izindlebe kanye nesikhumba. Bheka isifuba sakho nomzimba wakho kanye nezingxenye eziphezulu nangaphansi zezandla zakho. Bheka phambi nangemuva kwezinyawo zakho kanye nezinyawo zakho. Bheka ngaphansi kwezinyawo kanye nezikhala phakathi kwezinzwane zakho. Hlola futhi indawo yakho yobudoda kanye phakathi kwezinyawo zakho. Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo bese ubika izinguquko kithi wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bheka isikhumba sakho njalo ukuze ubone ukukhula okusha. Bheka izinguquko ezibala, ama-freckles, izicubu kanye namabala okuzalwa. Sebenzisa izigqoko ukuhlola ubuso bakho, intamo, izindlebe kanye nesikhumba. Bheka isifuba sakho nomzimba wakho kanye nezingxenye eziphezulu nangaphansi zezandla zakho. Bheka phambi nangemuva kwezinyawo zakho kanye nezinyawo zakho. Bheka ngaphansi kwezinyawo kanye nezikhala phakathi kwezinzwane zakho. Hlola futhi indawo yakho yobudoda kanye phakathi kwezinyawo zakho.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola i-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo libuza ngomlando wakho wezempilo bese libheka isikhumba sakho ukubona izimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba.
• Ukususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe, okuthiwa yi-biopsy. I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. Ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo lisebenzisa ithuluzi lokusika, ukuqothula noma ukuqhuma ingxenye noma yonke indawo yesikhumba ebonakala ingavamile. Isampula ihlolwa elabhoratri ukuze kubonwe ukuthi iyikankansi yini.

Iningi le-carcinoma yesikhumba yeselula yesquamous lingasuswa ngokuthi kwenziwe ubuyekezo obukhulu. Amanye asuswa ngokusebenzisa imithi efake esikhumbeni. Ukwelashwa kuncike lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona, ubukhulu bakhe, ukuthi ukhula kangcono kangakanani nokuthi ukhetha ukuthini. Uma umdlavuza wesikhumba mncane, awujuli ezikhumbeni, obizwa ngokuthi ungaphezulu, futhi unethuba eliphansi lokubhebhetheka, ukhetho lokwelapha olukhulu olukhulu luhlanganisa: - Ukuhlanza nokubulala ngombane. Lokhu kulashwa kuhilela ukususa phezulu komdlavuza wesikhumba ngesixhobo sokuqeda esibizwa ngokuthi yi-curet. Khona-ke inhlanzi yombane isebenzisa ukushisa isisekelo somdlavuza. - Ukwelashwa nge-Laser. Lokhu kulashwa kusebenzisa i-beam ehlasimulisayo yokukhanya ukubhubhisa ukukhula. Ngokuvamile kunokulimala okuncane kumaseli aseduze. Futhi kunenkinga encane yokopha, ukuvuvukala nokuqeda. - Ukubanda. Lokhu kulashwa, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-cryosurgery, kuhilela ukubanda amakhemikhali omdlavuza nge-nitrogen elukhuni. Ukubanda kungase kwenziwe ngemuva kokusebenzisa isixhobo sokuqeda, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-curet, ukususa ubuso bomdlavuza wesikhumba. - Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic. Phakathi nokwelashwa kwe-photodynamic, imithi yomthombo eyenza amakhemikhali omdlavuza abe nomuzwa wokukhanya ifakwe esikhumbeni. Kamuva, ukukhanya okubhubhisa amakhemikhali omdlavuza wesikhumba kukhanya endaweni. Lokhu kulashwa kungase kusetshenziswe ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Izindlela zokwelapha eziningi ezingena ngaphakathi zingase zinconywe ze-carcinoma yeselula yesquamous enkulu kakhulu nalezo eziya ekujuleni kwesikhumba. Ukukhetha kungase kuhlanganise: - Ukususa okulula. Lokhu kuhilela ukunqamula umdlavuza ne-margin yesikhumba esempilweni esizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba esiningi esizungezile i-tumor sisuswa, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-excision ebanzi. - Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs kuhilela ukususa umdlavuza ubukhulu obukhulu futhi ubuke wonke ubukhulu ngaphansi komkhiqizo kuze kube yilapho kungasekho amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuba asuse yonke into yokukhula ngaphandle kokuthatha isikhumba esiningi esempilweni esizungezile. - Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa uma kunethuba elikhulayo lokuthi umdlavuza ungase ubuyele. Kungase futhi kube ukukhetha kwabantu abangakwazi noma abangafuni ukuhlinzwa. Uma i-carcinoma yeselula yesquamous isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, imithi ingase inconywe, kuhlanganise: - I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Uma i-carcinoma yeselula yesquamous isakazeka kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, i-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-therapy enqunywe kanye nokwelashwa ngomgogodla. - Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kusebenzisa imithi ehlasela amakhemikhali athile kumakhemikhali omdlavuza. Ngokuvimba lawa makhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungabangela ukufa kwamakhemikhali omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa nge-chemotherapy. - I-Immunotherapy. I-Immunotherapy ukwelashwa ngemithi esiza isimiso somzimba sokuvikela ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Isimiso sokuvikela umzimba silwa nezifo ngokuhlasela ama-germs namanye amaseli angafanele abe emzimbeni. Amakhemikhali omdlavuza aphila ngokuzifihla esimisweni sokuvikela umzimba. I-Immunotherapy iyasiza amaseli esistimu sokuvikela umzimba ukuthola nokubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Nge-carcinoma yeselula yesquamous yesikhumba, i-immunotherapy ingase icatshangelwe uma umdlavuza uthuthukile futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azikho. I-Immunotherapy. I-Immunotherapy ukwelashwa ngemithi esiza isimiso somzimba sokuvikela ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Isimiso sokuvikela umzimba silwa nezifo ngokuhlasela ama-germs namanye amaseli angafanele abe emzimbeni. Amakhemikhali omdlavuza aphila ngokuzifihla esimisweni sokuvikela umzimba. I-Immunotherapy iyasiza amaseli esistimu sokuvikela umzimba ukuthola nokubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Nge-carcinoma yeselula yesquamous yesikhumba, i-immunotherapy ingase icatshangelwe uma umdlavuza uthuthukile futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azikho. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo lokuthola umbono wesibili. Ungakwazi ukuzisusa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi sokususa i-imeyili. Umhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokubhekana nomdlavuza uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzokwase