Ukhukhumela Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukhukhumela yisifo sokukhuluma lapho ukugeleza okuvamile kokukhuluma kuphazanyiswa khona yizwi, izilimi, noma amagama ahlanganisiwe. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ekhukhumela, nilwela into ethinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kunezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokuphatha.

Lesi simo sihilela ukuhlupheka okungakhethiwe ekukhulumeni okungenza ukuxhumana kuzwakale kunzima ngezinye izikhathi. Nakuba ukhukhumela kungase kubonakale kuyadumaza, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nokwazi izinketho zakho kungenza umehluko wangempela endleleni ohlangana ngayo.

Ukhukhumela yini?

Ukhukhumela yisifo sokuqondana esiphazamisa ukugeleza okulula kokukhuluma ngokuphindaphinda, ukwandisa, noma ukuphahlazeka. Uma ukhukhumela, ubuchopho bakho nemisipha yokukhuluma abaxhumani kahle njengoba bekumele benze ngesikhathi soxhumano.

Cabanga ngokukhuluma njengomdanso ophephezela phakathi kobuchopho bakho, ukuphefumula, izintambo zezwi, ulimi, namazinyo. Ekukhukhumeleni, lo mphazamiseko uya kuphazanyiswa okwesikhashana, okubangela ukukhuluma ukuyeka, ukuphindaphinda, noma ukubanjwa. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokwazi kahle ukuthi ufunani ukusho.

Lesi simo sivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-5, lapho izingane zithuthukisa ngokushesha amakhono azo olimi. Noma kunjalo, kungase futhi kuqhubeke kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene esizohlola.

Ziyini izimpawu zokhukhumela?

Ukhukhumela kubonakala ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, futhi ukuqaphela lezi zindlela kungakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sobunzima bokukhuluma. Isipiliyoni ngasinye somuntu ngokukhukhumela sihlukile, kodwa kunamakhambi avamile okumelwe uwaqaphele.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokukhuluma zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphindaphinda imisindo, izigaxa, noma amazwi (njengokuthi "b-b-bhola" noma "Ngi-ngi-ngifuna")
• Ukuhlala komsindo lapho uqengqa khona umsindo ("ssssole" esikhundleni se"sole")
• Ukubamba lapho inkulumo ivalekile ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile ngokucindezeleka okubonakalayo
• Ukufaka imisindo engeziwe noma amazwi ("um," "uh," "njengalokhu") ukusiza ukuthola amazwi anzima
• Ukuyeka ezindaweni ezingalindelekile ngaphakathi kwamazwi noma imisho

Ngaphezu kwamizamo yokukhuluma, ukuqengqela kuvame ukuba nemiboniso yomzimba ebonisa umzamo ohilelekile. Ungase uqaphele ukucindezeleka ebusweni, entanyeni, noma emahlombe ngesikhathi sezikhathi ezinzima.

Izimpawu zomzimba zingafaka:

• Ukukhanya okusheshayo kwamehlo noma ukuvala amehlo ngesikhathi sokuzama ukukhuluma
• Ukuthuthumela kwemilomo, umgubhu, noma eminye imisipha yobuso
• Ukuthungatha ikhanda noma ezinye izinyathelo ezingalawuleki
• Ukubamba isibhakela noma olunye ukucindezeleka komzimba
• Ukushintsha kokuphakama komsindo noma umthamo ngesikhathi sezikhathi ezinzima

Abantu abaningi abaqengqelayo baphuthuma futhi bashintsha izenzo njengoba bezama ukuphatha inkulumo yabo. Lezi zinguquko ziyizimpendulo zemvelo ngokuphelele ezingozini zokuxhumana.

Imiphi imihlobo yokuqengqela?

Ukuqengqela kuwela ezinhlotsheni eziningi ngokusekelwe ekuqaleni nasekuthuthukiseni kwakho. Ukuqonda le mihlobo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukuqengqela kwenzeka futhi kuqondisa izindlela zokwelapha.

Ukuqengqela okuthuthukayo kuyilona uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, oluthinta cishe u-95% wabantu abaqengqelayo. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luqala ebuntwaneni njengoba amakhono olulimi ekhula ngokushesha, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-5.

Ukuqengqela kwe-neurogenic kuthuthuka ngemuva kokulimaza ubuchopho, isifo sokuqhaqhazela, noma omunye umcimbi we-neurological. Ngokungafani nokuqengqela okuthuthukayo, lolu hlobo lungabonakala kunoma iyiphi iminyaka futhi ngokuvamile luthinta izici ezahlukene zokukhuluma nolimi.

Ukuqengqela kwe-Psychogenic kuncane futhi kuvela ekulimala kwengqondo noma ekuhluphekeni okukhulu komzwelo. Lolu hlobo lungabonakala ngokuzumayo kumuntu owayenokukhuluma okuqondile ngaphambili.

Phakathi kokukhuza okukhula, ochwepheshe bokukhuluma bavame ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinga eliphezulu, eliphansi, eliphakathi nanye eliqine. Lezi zinhlobo zisiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha efanele kakhulu futhi kubekwe imigomo eqondile.

Yini ebangela ukukhuza?

Ukukhuza kuvela ekusebenzelaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto ezivela egazini, ezinzwa, nezimo ezingqongile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi akubangelwa ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhuliswa okubi, naphezu kokungabaza okuvamile.

I-Genetics idlala indima ebalulekile, ngokukhuza okuqhubeka emindenini cishe ku-60% yezimo. Uma unembeletho noma umfowenu okhuzayo, cishe uzokuthuthukisa wena, nakuba kungekho siqinisekiso.

Izifundo zokubonisa ubuchopho zibonisa ukuthi abantu abakhuzayo bavame ukuba nokuhluka okuyimfihlo kokuthi ama-brains abo acubungula kanjani inkulumo nolimi. Lezi zinguquko zithinta isikhathi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni inkulumo ebushelelezi.

Izici eziningi zingase zihlanganyele ekukhuleni kokukhuza:

• Umlando womndeni wokukhuza noma ezinye izifo zokukhuluma
• Ukuba owesilisa (amadodana amaningi kakhulu anezikhathi eziyi-3-4 okukhulu kunamantombazane)
• Ukukhula okusheshayo kolwimi phakathi nobuntwana obuqala
• Ukuhluka kwesakhiwo sobuchopho noma umsebenzi ohambisana nokuqondisa inkulumo
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa

Izimo ezingqongile zingathinta ubukhulu bokukhuza, ngisho noma zingabangeli isimo ngokwalo. Isimo sokukhuluma esicindezelayo, isikhathi esicindezelayo, noma izidingo zokuxhumana zingenza ukukhuza kube phakathi.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukukhuza kungathuthuka ngemuva kokulimalala kwekhanda, isihlabathi, iziphukuphuku zobuchopho, noma izifo ezibhubhisayo njenge-Parkinson's. Lokhu kukhuza okutholwe kuvame ukuba nezici ezihlukile kunokukhuza okukhula.

Nini okumele ubone udokotela ngokukhuza?

Kufanele ucabange ngusizo lochwepheshe uma ukuphenduka kuqhubeka ngaphezu kwesikhathi sobuntwana obuqalayo noma kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle, ikakhulukazi kubantwana.

Kubantwana, funa ukuhlolwa uma ukuphenduka kuqhubeka izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, kubonakala ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, noma kuza nokulwa nokuqina okukhulu. Abantwana ababonisa izimpawu zokwazi noma ukukhungatheka ngokukhuluma kwabo nabo bayazuza ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe.

Abantu abadala kufanele bacabange ngokwelashwa uma ukuphenduka kuphazamisa umsebenzi, ubuhlobo, noma ikhwalithi yokuphila. Ngisho nokuphenduka okuncane okubangela ukucindezeleka noma ukuziphepha imikhuba kufanele kunakekelwe ochwepheshe.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kulezi zimo:

• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kokupenduka kubantu abadala ngaphandle komlando wangaphambili
• Ukuphenduka okuvela ngemuva kokulimalala kwekhanda, isikhubekiso, noma ukugula
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma obuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zezinzwa
• Usizi olukhulu lokomzwelo oluhlobene nobunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukungenakukwazi ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza inkulumo ephumelelayo

Khumbula ukuthi ukufuna usizo akusho ukuthi ukuphenduka kunzima noma kunenkinga. Ochwepheshe bokukhuluma bangakunika amasu nokusekela okwenza ukuxhumana kube lula futhi kujabulise.

Ziyini izici ezingozi zokupenduka?

Izici eziningi zanda amathuba okukhula kokupenduka, yize ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzophuka. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni nasekungeneleleni kwasekuqaleni.

Isikhathi esinamandla kakhulu sokungozi ukuba namalungu omndeni apendukayo. Ucwaningo lwezakhiwo lusikisela ukuthi amajini amaningi asebenza engcupheni yokupenduka, okwenza kube nzima kunesici esisodwa esidluliselwe.

Ubulili buchaphazela kakhulu ingozi yokupenduka, abafana benesilinganiso esingu-3-4 esikhulu sokupenduka kunamantombazane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amantombazane anethuba elikhulu lokuphulukisa ngokwemvelo ekuphendukeni kwasekuqaleni ngaphandle kokungenelela.

Izici eziyisidingo zokungozini zifaka:

• Umlando womndeni wokukhahlela noma ezinye izinkinga zokuxhumana
• Ukuba owesilisa
• Ukuqala ukukhahlela ngemva kweminyaka engu-3.5
• Ukukhahlela okungaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-6-12
• Ukuba nezinye izingcindezi zokukhuluma noma lolwimi
• Izilinganiso eziphezulu zomndeni ngokusebenza kokukhuluma

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingandisa ingozi yokukhahlela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlasela uhlelo lwezinzwa. Lezi zingafaka izingcindezi zokunaka, izingcindezi zokukhathazeka, noma izingcindezi zokuthuthuka.

Izici zezimo ezingathi yini njengezimo zomndeni ezinomfutho omkhulu noma izimo zokuxhumana ezinzima azibangeli ukukhahlela kodwa zingathinta ukuthuthuka kwalo noma ububi kwabantu abathintekayo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokukhahlela?

Nakuba ukukhahlela ngokwalo kungabi yingozi, kungabangela inselele ezingokomzwelo, ezempilo yomphakathi, nezemfundo uma kungasekelwanga. Ukuqonda le miphumela eminingi kusiza ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusekela nokwelashwa.

Izinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu zihilela imiphumela yomzwelo neyezingqondo. Abantu abaningi abakhahlelayo bathuthukisa ukukhathazeka ngezimo zokukhuluma, okuyenza inqamulela lapho ukukhathazeka kwenza ukukhahlela kube sibi kakhulu.

Izinhlanganisela zempilo yomphakathi zivame ukuvela njengoba abantu beqala ukugwema izimo ezithile zokukhuluma noma ukusebenzisana. Lokhu kugwema kunganciphisa amathuba okuqala komuntu siqu nawomsebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathazeka komphakathi nokwesaba izimo zokukhuluma
• Ukuhlanganyela okuncishisiwe esikoleni, emsebenzini, noma emisebenzini yomphakathi
• Ukuzethemba okuphansi nezinkinga zokuqina
• Ukulinganiselwa kwezemfundo noma komsebenzi ngenxa yokugwema ukuxhumana
• Ubunzima bobuhlobo noma ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi
• Usizi noma ezinye izifo zemodi ezimweni ezinkulu

Abantwana abakhukhumelayo bangase bahlangabezane nokubhucwa noma ukucwaswa, okungathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwabo ngokomzwelo kanye nokuzimisela kwabo ukuxhumana. Ukuhlanganiswa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuvimbela le miphumela emibi.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukhukhumela okukhulu kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi kungabangela ukungakhulumi okukhethile noma ukugwema ngokuphelele ukukhuluma ezimweni ezithile. Ukusekelwa kochwepheshe kungavimbela lezi zinkinga ezinzima kakhulu.

Ukuqeda ukukhukhumela kungenziwa kanjani?

Njengoba ukukhukhumela kunamaqhawe amangqamuzana kanye nawo-neurological, awukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuthi kuqale. Noma kunjalo, ukudala izindawo zokuxhumana ezisekelayo kunganciphisa ubukhulu futhi kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwemvelo.

Emindenini enomlando wokukhukhumela, ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni kanye nemikhuba yokuxhumana enhle kwenza umehluko. Umgomo awukukhulu ukuvimbela ukungaphili kahle okuvamile kodwa ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluma okunempilo.

Izindlela zokusekela izingane zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhuluma kancane futhi ngokuthula njengesibonelo
• Ukupha izingane isikhathi esiningi sokukhuluma ngaphandle kokuphazamisa
• Ukulalela ngesineke ngaphandle kokuphelelisa izigwebo zazo
• Ukubuza imibuzo embalwa nokwenza amazwana amaningi
• Ukuncipha kwezingcindezi zokuxhumana kanye nokukhuphisana ngesikhathi sokukhuluma
• Ukugxila kulokho izingane ezikushoyo kunokuthi zikukhuluma kanjani

Ukudala izindawo zokukhuluma ezingencindezi kusiza wonke umntwana ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba ekuxhumaneni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nesikhathi esiqondile sokuhlangana lapho izingane zingakhuluma khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma isikhathi esicindezelayo.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukukhukhumela okutholwe ekulimaleni noma ezifweni, ukugcina impilo enhle jikelele nokufuna ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezinkinga ze-neurological kunganciphisa ingozi.

Ukutholakala kokukhukhumela kunjani?

Ukutholakala kokukhukhumela kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngochwepheshe wokukhuluma-nokwelapha ulimi oqeqeshwe ezinkingeni zokukhuluma. Inqubo ihlola hhayi kuphela izindlela zokukhuluma kodwa futhi nethonya lazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukuqala ngemibuzo emininingi mayelana nokuthi ukukhahlela kuqalile nini, umlando womndeni, nokuthi kuwathinta kanjani ukuxhumana ezimweni ezahlukene. Lolu lwazi oluyisisekelo lusisiza ukuqonda iphethini yokukhahlela.

Phakathi kokuhlolwa, uzobandakanyeka emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokukhuluma okuhlanganisa ukukhuluma, ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo, nokucacisa izithombe. Umphengululi uhlaziya ngokucophelela izindlela zokukhuluma, ubukhulu bokungahambisani, nanoma yiziphi izenzo zomzimba ezihambisana nazo.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ihlanganisa:

• Umbiko wezimo ezininingi kanye nomlando womndeni
• Ukuhlaziywa kwamasampula okukhuluma ezimweni ezahlukene
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhuluka kokukhuluma, izingqophamlando, kanye nezingqophamlando zokukhuluma ngokukhululekile
• Ukuhlolwa kwezenzo zesibili kanye nokucindezeleka komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa komthelela ekuxhumaneni nasezingeni lokuphila
• Ukuhlola ezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma noma lolwimi

Kubantwana, ukuhlolwa kungase kuhlanganise imisebenzi yomdlalo kanye nokuhlangana nabazali ukuqaphela izindlela zokuxhumana zemvelo. Umphengululi uphinde ahlole ukuthi ingane iyazi yini ngokukhahlela kwayo.

Ezimweni zokukhahlela okuqala ngokuzumayo, ikakhulu kubantu abadala, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungase kunconywe ukuqeda izimo zezinzwa ezingaphansi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izithombe zobuchopho noma ezinye izivivinyo zezinzwa.

Iyini ukwelashwa kokukhahlela?

Ukwelashwa kokukhahlela kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana nokunciphisa umthelela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kunokufinyelela ekuphumeni kahle. Izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla zihlukaniswe kakhulu futhi zivame ukuphumelela kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kuhlala kuyilona kwelashwa eliyinhloko, ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngobudala, ubukhulu bokukhahlela, nemigomo yomuntu siqu. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ngokuhlanganyela ekwelapheni okuqhubekayo.

Kubantwana abancane, ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya izindlela ezingadingekile eziguqula indawo yokuxhumana. Abazali bafunda amasu okusekela inkulumo ephumelelayo ngaphandle kokugxila ngokuqondile ekukhubekiseni.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Amasu okwakha ukugeleza okulula afundisa izindlela zokukhuluma ezibuthakathaka
• Ukwelashwa kokuguqula ukukhubekisa okunciphisa ukulwela noxinzelelo
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okuqondene nokuqonda ukuqeda ukukhathazeka nokugwema
• Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abazali zokwelashwa kwabantwana
• Ukwelashwa kweqembu lokuthola ukwesekwa kwabalingani nokuzijwayeza
• Amadivayisi e-elekthronikhi anikeza impendulo yokuhlala eguqukile

Ukwakha ukugeleza kufundisa amasu athile afana nesivinini sokuphendula esihamba kancane, ukuqala kwezwi elithambile, nokugeleza komoya okuqhubekayo. Lezi zikghono zisiza ekukhiqizeni inkulumo ebuthakathaka ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuguqula ukukhubekisa kugxila ekuguquleni indlela okukhubekisa ngayo kunokuyisusa ngokuphelele. Le ndlela inciphisa ukucindezeleka komzimba nokulwela, okwenza ukukhubekisa kungabi luhlaza.

Kwabanye abantu, imithi ingasiza ekuqedeni ukukhathazeka noma ezinye izimo ezenza ukukhubekisa kube kubi. Kodwa-ke, ayikho imithi ewelapha ngokuqondile ukukhubekisa.

Indlela yokuphatha ukukhubekisa ekhaya?

Amasu okuphatha ekhaya angasekela kakhulu ukwelashwa kochwepheshe futhi athuthukise okuhlangenwe nakho kokuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Lezi zindlela zigxila ekudaleni izindawo ezisekelayo nokwenza amasu awusizo.

Ukudala indawo yokuxhumana ethulile, ebekezelelayo kuzuzisa wonke umuntu emndenini. Lokhu kusho ukuhambisa izingxoxo, ukuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphendula, nokugxila kokuqukethwe komyalezo kunokulethwa.

Ukuzijwayeza kwansuku zonke kwamasu okwelapha kuqinisa amakghono afundiwe ezihlangwini zochwepheshe. Ukuzinza ngokuzijwayeza ekhaya kuvame ukunquma impumelelo yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke ukumiswa kwemikhuba kusiza ekuqondeni intuthuko.

Amasu asekelayo ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Ukuqeqesha amasu okuphumula ngaphambi kwezimo ezinzima zokukhuluma
• Ukusebenzisa inkulumo ehamba kancane, ecatshangelwe njengesibonelo somndeni
• Ukuqamba isikhathi sokukhuluma sobunye ngobunye njalo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka
• Ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo ndawonye ukuze kuqeqeshwe amasu okukhuluma ngokukhululekile
• Ukurekhoda ukuqeqeshwa kokukhuluma ukuze kulandelelwe intuthuko
• Ukugubha impumelelo yokuxhumana, hhayi inkulumo ephumelelayo kuphela

Kubantwana, ukugcina amathemba ajwayelekile ngenkathi usekela kubalulekile. Gwema ukubatshela ukuthi "hamba kancane" noma "cabanga ngaphambi kokukhuluma," njengoba lokhu kuvame ukwandisa uxinzelelo nokuhlupheka.

Ukukwakha ukuzethemba ngamava okuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kusiza ekuthambiseni ukukhathazeka ngokukhuluma. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhetha abalaleli abasekelayo nokwandisa kancane izimo zokukhuluma ezihlala kahle.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukulinganiswa oluphelele kakhulu nezincomo ezisebenzayo. Ukuqoqa ulwazi olufanele kusengaphambili kwenza i-seshini ibe yiyona ezuzisayo.

Ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho, bhala phansi imibuzo ethile mayelana nokukhahlela, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Ukuba nohlu kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Letha ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nokuthi ukukhahlela kuqalile nini, umlando womndeni, nezimo lapho kungcono khona noma kubi khona. Lesi sisekelo sisiza ochwepheshe ukuqonda iphethini yakho ethile.

Uhlu lokulungiselela:

• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje nezimo zezokwelapha
• Umbhalo womndeni wokukhahlela noma ezinye izinkinga zokuxhumana
• Izibonelo zokuthi ukukhahlela kunzima kakhulu futhi kuncane
• Amava wangaphambili wokwelashwa kokukhuluma, uma kukhona
• Imigomo ethile yokwelashwa
• Ulwazi lwe-inshurensi nemibuzo yokumbozwa

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe umuntu wendlu yakini noma umngani onikeza umbono owengeziwe ngezindlela zakho zokukhulumisana. Bangase baphawule izinto ongeke wazicabanga.

Ngokuqondene nokuhlangana kwezingane, letha izibonelo zokukhuluma kwazo eziphuma ezikhathini ezahlukene uma kungenzeka. Ukurekhoda amavidiyo engxoxo yemvelo kungaba usizo kakhulu ekulinganiseni.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuphenduka?

Ukuphenduka yisifo sokuqondana esiphatheka esithinta izigidi zabantu abaphila impilo ezele amandla siqu nomsebenzi. Ngokusekelwa okufanele nokungenelela, abantu abaningi abaphendukayo bangathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwabo kokukhulumisana.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuphenduka akubonisi ukuhlakanipha, ikhono, noma ukubaluleka njengomuntu. Abaningi ochwepheshe abaphumelelayo, kuhlanganise othisha, abameli, nabakhulumi bomphakathi, baphatha ukuphenduka ngenkathi bephumelela emisebenzini yabo.

Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuletha imiphumela emihle, kodwa akukaze kube sekude kakhulu ukufuna usizo. Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha ziphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni umthelela wokupenduka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasekwakheni ukuzethemba kokukhulumisana.

Ukusekelwa komndeni, abangane, nochwepheshe kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni ukuphenduka ngempumelelo. Ukudala izindawo zokukhulumisana eziqondileyo, ezibekezelelayo kuzuzisa wonke umuntu ohilelekile.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngokuphenduka

M1: Ingane yami iyokukhula ngokwemvelo yokuphenduka?

Izingane eziningi ziyaphila ekuphendukeni kwasekuqaleni ngaphandle kokwelashwa, cishe u-75% zifinyelela ekuphileni okwemvelo ngasekupheleni kobutshana. Noma kunjalo, izingane ezichitha ukuphenduka ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu noma zibonisa izimpawu zokulwa noxinzelelo azikwazi ukuphulukana ngokwemvelo. Ukulinganiswa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ukungenelela kungaba usizo yini, ngisho noma ukuphulukana okwemvelo kungenzeka.

M2: Ingabe ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka kungabangela ukuphenduka?

Ukuqina kwengqondo nokukhathazeka akulibi ukukhapheka, kodwa kungenza ukukhapheka okukhona kube kubi kakhulu noma kubonakale. Ukukhapheka kunezimpande zezakhiwo nezezinto eziphilayo ezithuthuka kungakhathaliseki isimo sengqondo. Noma kunjalo, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokuphatha ukukhathazeka kuvame ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwamazwi futhi kwenza ukuxhumana kuzwakale kulula futhi kududuzayo.

UMbuzo 3: Ingabe kunabantu abadumile abakhapheka?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abaphumelelayo baphatha ukukhapheka, kufaka phakathi abadlali abanjengoJames Earl Jones noEmily Blunt, umculi wezwe uMel Tillis, kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani nabantu bezombusazwe abaningi. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ukukhapheka akulingani amandla omsebenzi noma impumelelo yomuntu uma kuphathwa kahle ngokusekelwa okufanele namaqhinga.

UMbuzo 4: Ingabe ukukhapheka kufana kuzo zonke izilimi?

Ukukhapheka kwenzeka kuzo zonke izilimi namasiko, kodwa izindlela ezithile zingase zihluke kuye ngokwakheka kolwimi nendlela yamasiko yokuxhumana. Abanye abantu abakhapheka ngolwimi olulodwa bangase babe ngcono ngolunye, kuye ngokuthi banjani futhi banolwazi kangakanani. Isisombululo sezinto eziphilayo esisekelweni sihlala sifana kungakhathaliseki ulimi olukhulunywayo.

UMbuzo 5: Ingabe ukukhapheka kungathuthuka ebuntwini?

Nakuba ukukhapheka kuvame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, kungathuthuka kubantu abadala ngemuva kokulimalala kwengqondo, isifo sobuchopho, ukulimala okukhulu kwengqondo, noma izimo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo. Ukukhapheka okuqala ebuntwini kuvame ukuba nezici ezahlukene kunokukhapheka kobuntwana futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuqondwe izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zihluke futhi kuye ngesizathu esithile nezidingo zomuntu.