Ukuqhuma Kwenhliziyo Ngokuzumayo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo yakho iyeka ukushaya ngokuphumelelayo ngokuzumayo, kwenze igazi lingasayi ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuhlukile ekuguleni kwenhliziyo – kuyinkinga yombane edala ukuthi izinga lenhliziyo yakho libe sengozini, liyenze iduduze ngokungafanele kunokupompa igazi.

Cabanga ngayo njengesistimu yombane yenhliziyo yakho eshukumisayo. Ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa, lokhu kuba yingozi eyingozi ngoba izitho zomzimba wakho azitholi i-oksijini ezidinga kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isenzo esisheshayo singasindisa impilo, nokuqonda izimpawu zokuqapha kusiza ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele usebenze ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Isisindo esibonakalayo kakhulu yilapho umuntu ewa ngokuzumayo futhi engaqapheli. Ngeke aphendule izwi lakho noma ukuthinta, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuthola i-pulse noma ukuphefumula okujwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu baye baba nezimpawu zokuqapha ngemizuzu noma ngisho namahora ngaphambi kokuba kuqhumay inhliziyo. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba okuzwakala njengokucindezela noma ukucindezela
• Ukuphefumula okufushane okuvela ngokuzumayo
• Ukuzizwa ukhuluphala noma ukhanya
• Ukushushumbisa kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugabha
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala okuzumayo

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abanawo amanye ama-warning signs. Yingakho ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kungaba yinto ebangela ukwesaba – kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili, ngisho nakwabantu ababebonakala bephilile ngaphambi kwemizuzu.

Yini ebangela ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Iningi lokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinga lenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-arrhythmias. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-ventricular fibrillation, lapho amakhamera angaphansi enhliziyo yakho eguquguquka ngokungajwayelekile kunokupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo.

Izimo eziningi zenhliziyo zingabangela lezi zingqondo ezingozi:

• I-Coronary artery disease, lapho imithambo yegazi evinjelwe inciphise ukusabalala kwegazi emsinyeni wenhliziyo yakho
• Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo, okungalimaza insimbi yenhliziyo futhi kuphazamise izibonakaliso zombane
• Inhliziyo enkulu (cardiomyopathy) evela ezahlukweni eziningi
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo ezicindezela inhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izifo zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi senhliziyo ezidlulela emindenini

Ngokungavamile, ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kungenzeka ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukungahlangani kahle kwe-electrolyte, ikakhulukazi i-potassium noma i-magnesium ephansi
• Ukudlula kwemithi noma ukusabela kwemithi ethile
• Ukulahlekelwa igazi okukhulu noma ukushokeka
• Ukuhlushwa noma ukuminza okukhulu
• Ukushona kombane noma ukushaywa yilitshe

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubadlali abasebasha, ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kwenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezihlala zifihlekile njenge-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy noma i-long QT syndrome. Lezi zimo zingase zingabonakali iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba zibangele izinkinga.

Nini kufanele ufuna usizo oluphuthumayo ngokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Shaya u-911 ngokushesha uma umuntu ewa futhi engaqapheli. Ungalindi ukubona uma bephulukana bodwa – yonke imizuzu ibala lapho inhliziyo yomuntu iyeke ukushaya ngokuphumelelayo.

Qala i-CPR ngokushesha uma uyazi indlela, ngisho noma awuqeqeshwe kahle. Cindezela kanzima futhi ngokushesha ebuchosheni labo okungenani izikhathi ezingama-100 ngomzuzu. Uma i-automated external defibrillator (AED) itholakala, sebenzisa – lezi zinto zinikeza izikhuthazo zezwi ukukuqondisa ngenqubo.

Kufanele futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuqapha njengobunhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukuphelelwa amandla. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zinezizathu eziningi ezingaba khona, zingabonisa inkinga yenhliziyo edinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi zokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu uma une-heart disease ekhona. Abantu abane-coronary artery disease, ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo kwangaphambili, noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo babhekene nengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuhlangabezana nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo.

Ezinye izinto zezokwelapha ezandisa ingozi yakho zifaka:

• Umbukiso womndeni wokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo noma izimo ezihlala zifihlekile zenhliziyo
• Izehlakalo zangaphambili zezinga lenhliziyo ezingozi
• I-Diabetes, engalimaza imithambo yegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu okucindezela inhliziyo yakho
• I-Cholesterol ephezulu engavimba imithambo yakho yegazi
• I-Kidney disease, ethonya impilo yenhliziyo

Izinto zokuphila nazo zidlalela indima ebalulekile ezingeni lakho lenhlekelele:

• Ukubhema, okulimaza imithambo yakho yegazi futhi kunciphisa i-oksijini
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, okungalimaza isikhumba senhliziyo yakho
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingamthetho, ikakhulukazi i-cocaine ne-amphetamines
• Ukwehluleka kokusebenza komzimba, okwenza isistimu yakho ye-cardiovascular ibe buthakathaka
• Ukukhuluphala, okubekela inhliziyo yakho ukucindezela okwengeziwe

Ubudala nobulili nawo kubalulekile. Amadoda abhekene nengozi enkulu kunabesifazane, futhi ingozi yakho iyanda njengoba ukhula, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45 kwamadoda kanye ne-55 kwabesifazane.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ezivela ekuqhumayi kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Inhlanganisela eyingozi kakhulu ukufa, okwenzeka cishe ku-90% yezimo lapho ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo yokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, isenzo esisheshayo nge-CPR ne-defibrillation singathuthukisa kakhulu amanani okusinda.

Uma umuntu esinda ekuqhumayi kwenhliziyo ngozumayo, angabhekana nezinhlanganisela eziningi ezingaba khona:

• Ukulimala ebuchosheni ngenxa yokushoda kwe-oksijini, okungathinta inkumbulo, ukucabanga, noma ukuhamba
• Ukulimala kwezinye izitho, ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni nase-liver
• Izinkinga eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi senhliziyo ezidinga imithi noma amadivayisi
• Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo okunciphisa ikhono lokupompa
• Imiphumela yezokwengqondo njengokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukucindezeleka ngemuva kwesenzakalo

Ubukhulu bezinhlanganisela ngokuvamile kuncike ekutheni ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Abantu abamukela i-CPR ne-defibrillation ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa yokuqala banemiphumela emihle kakhulu kunalabo abalinda isikhathi eside usizo.

Abanye abasindile bangadinga ukuvuselelwa ukuze babuyisele amandla nokusebenza. Abanye bangadinga amadivayisi afakwe njenge-defibrillators ukuvimbela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kungavimbeka kanjani?

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokugcina impilo enhle yenhliziyo ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila. Izindlela ezifanayo ezivimbela i-heart disease nazo zinciphisa amathuba okuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo.

Gxila kulezi zindlela zokuphila ezempilo yenhliziyo:

• Ungabhemi, futhi uma ubhema, yeka ngosizo luka-dokotela wakho
• Zivocavoca njalo – zama okungenani imizuzu engama-150 yomsebenzi ophakathi nsuku zonke
• Dle ukudla okuqondile okunama-fruits, imifino, nama-grains aphelele
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo somzimba wakho
• Limita utshwala kubuningi obufanele
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula noma ukwelashwa

Ukuphatha izimo zezempilo ezikhona kubaluleke kakhulu. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ulawule ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu, i-diabetes, ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Thatha imithi eyalwe njengoba kuqondiswe, futhi ungawashiyi ama-doses.

Uma unayo i-heart disease eyaziwayo, xoxa nodokotela wakho uma ungase uzuze nge-implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Le divayisi encane ingathola izinga ezingozi futhi inikeze ukushaywa ukuze ibuyekeze ukushaya okujwayelekile.

Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kuhlonzwa ngokusekelwe kulokho ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakubona lapho befika. Bafuna umuntu ongaqapheli, ongaphefumuli ngokujwayelekile, futhi ongenayo i-pulse ebonakalayo.

Uma umuntu esinda ekuphuthumeni kokuqala, odokotela benza ukuhlolwa okuhlukene ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangelwe ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola umsebenzi wombane wenhliziyo yakho
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukufuna izimpawu zokulimala kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izimbangela
• I-X-ray yesifuba ukuhlola inhliziyo nemiphunga yakho
• I-Echocardiogram ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphompa kangcono kangakanani
• I-Cardiac catheterization ukuhlola imithambo yegazi evinjelwe

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile njengokuhlolwa kwe-electrophysiology, okuhlola isistimu yombane yenhliziyo yakho ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izinkinga ezithile zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi ezingabangela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela benza ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebasha noma labo abanamlando womndeni wokufa kwenhliziyo ngozumayo. Lokhu kungaveza izimo ezihlala zifihlekile ezandisa ingozi.

Ukuphathwa kokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kuyini?

Ukuphathwa okusheshayo kugxila ekubuyiseni izinga elijwayelekile lenhliziyo yakho nokwenza igazi liqhubeke liya ezithweni zakho. Abaphenduli bephuthumayo basebenzisa i-CPR ukuze bapompe igazi ngesandla kanye ne-defibrillator yangaphandle ukuze bashoshe inhliziyo yakho buyele ezingeni elijwayelekile.

Uma ufika esibhedlela, iqembu lezokwelapha liyaqhubeka nezinyathelo zokusekela impilo eziphambili. Bangase basebenzise imithi ukusekela ukucindezeleka kwegazi nomsebenzi wenhliziyo, noma amadivayisi omishini ukusiza inhliziyo yakho ukupompa igazi.

Ngemva kokuba uzinzile, ukwelashwa kugxila ekuvimbeleni izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo:

• Imithi yokulawula izinga lenhliziyo noma ukwelapha izimo ezikhona
• I-Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) ukuqapha nokulungisa izinga ezingozi
• I-Cardiac catheterization ukuvula imithambo yegazi evinjelwe nge-stents
• Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa izici zenhliziyo noma ukuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwegazi
• Ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo ukuqinisa inhliziyo yakho ngokuphepha

Abanye abantu badinga izinqubo ezengeziwe njenge-ablation, lapho odokotela beqothula izindawo ezincane zesikhumba senhliziyo ebangela izinga ezingajwayelekile. Abanye bangadinga ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ngesizathu esikhona.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzolungiswa ukuze ulungise noma yini ebangelwe ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo yakho futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphinda kwenzeke.

Indlela yokunakekela ekhaya ngemuva kokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Ukuphulukana ekhaya kudinga ukunakekelwa okuningiliziwe kwemithi nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Thatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngqo njengoba kuqondiswe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Lezi zidakamizwa zisiza ukuvimbela izinga ezingozi futhi zivikele inhliziyo yakho.

Ziqaphele izimpawu zokuqapha ezingabonisa izinkinga:

• Ukuzizwa ukhuluphala noma ukuphelelwa amandla
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba
• Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile okufushane
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obungajwayelekile

Landela yonke imiqondiso eyalwe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Udokotela wakho udinga ukuqapha umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Ungawashiyi ama-appointments ngoba uzizwa ukhulu.

Buyela ezenzweni kancane kancane njengoba udokotela wakho ekuncoma. Qala kancane futhi wakhe izinga lakho lomsebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Gwema imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula yona.

Cabanga ngokufunda i-CPR nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu omndeni wakho ayazi ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuba ne-AED ekhaya kungase kunconywe, kuye ngezinga lakho lenhlekelele.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini engase iziqalise. Qaphela noma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo, ukufa ngozumayo, noma izehlakalo zokuwa – lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuhlola ingozi yakho.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kanye nezinye izinto. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta izinga lenhliziyo, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi konke okukuthathayo.

Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho nezindlela zokwelapha:

• Yini ebangelwe ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo yami?
• Iyini ingozi yami yokwenzeka futhi?
• Ndingadinga i-implanted defibrillator?
• Yiziphi imisebenzi engingayigwema?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqapha engingazibheka?

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile. Bangafunda futhi ngesimo sakho nokuthi bangasiza kanjani eziphuthumayo.

Buza ngokuhlolwa kwe-genetic uma unamalungu omndeni anezingozi zenhliziyo. Lolu lwazi lungase lubaluleke empilweni yabahlobo bakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kuyiphuthuma lokugula elibucayi, kodwa ukuyiqonda kusiza ukuba uphendule ngokufanele futhi usindise impilo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi isenzo esisheshayo yilokho okwenza umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa.

Uma ubona umuntu ewa futhi engaqapheli, shaya u-911 ngokushesha futhi uqale i-CPR uma uyazi indlela. Unganqikazi – ngisho ne-CPR engaphelele ingcono kune-CPR engenayo nhlobo.

Ngempilo yakho, gxila ekuvimbeleni i-heart disease ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuphatha izimo zezempilo ezikhona. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kusiza ukubamba izinkinga ekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingozi eyingozi.

Uma unesongo elikhulu ngenxa ye-heart disease noma umlando womndeni, sebenza eduze nodokotela wakho ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokuvimbela. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho futhi kukusize uphile impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo

Ingabe ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kufana nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo?

Cha, ziyizimo ezahlukene. Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho ukusabalala kwegazi engxenyeni yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho kuvinjelwe, ngokuvamile yi-blood clot emthambeni we-coronary. Ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo kwenzeka lapho isistimu yombane yenhliziyo yakho ingasebenzi kahle, iyenze iyeke ukushaya ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo.

Ingabe abantu abasebasha, abaphilile bangaba nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile kunabantu abadala abane-heart disease. Abantu abasebasha bangase babe nezimo ezihlala zifihlekile zenhliziyo njenge-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy noma i-long QT syndrome engabangela ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo. Yingakho abanye abadlali bezemidlalo benza ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuthatha indawo ezemidlalo.

Iyini izinga lokuphila ngokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo?

Amanani okuphila ngokujwayelekile aphansi – cishe kuphela ku-10% yabantu abahlangabezana nokuqhuma kwenhliziyo ngozumayo ngaphandle kwesibhedlela abasinda. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-CPR ne-defibrillation zinikezwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa yokuqala, amanani okusinda angafinyelela ku-40% noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungani isenzo esisheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuqeqeshwa kahle ukuze ngenze i-CPR?

Cha, noma yiluphi ukuzama kwe-CPR kungcono kunalokho okungenayo nhlobo. Uma awuqeqeshwanga, abathumeli bephuthumayo bangakuqondisa ngenqubo ngocingo. Gxila ekuqinisiseni kanzima futhi ngokushesha ebuchosheni – ngisho nokucindezela okungaphelele kungagcina igazi liqhubeka ligeleza kuze kube yilapho usizo lochwepheshe lufika.

Ingabe kufanele ngesabe ukusebenzisa i-AED uma angiqeqeshwanga?

Ungesabi – ama-AED aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa abantu abangenawo ukuqeqeshwa. Aninika imiyalo ecacile yezwi futhi ngeke anikeze ukushaywa uma kungadingeki. Idivayisi ihlola izinga lenhliziyo futhi ishaya kuphela lapho kufanele. Awukwazi ukulimaza umuntu ngokusebenzisa i-AED, kodwa ungasindisa impilo yakhe.